In UV‐B Irradiated Rice High Levels of Mn Limits Chloroplasts Injury Triggered by Oxidative Stress

The molecular mechanism to control the oxidative burst exerted by Mn accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants, grown in hydroponics containing 0.5, 2 and 8 mg l^–1 Mn and irradiated with a total biological effective UV‐B irradiation of 20.825 kJ m^?2, was investigated in the chloroplasts at the 15th and 21st days after germination. In both experimental periods, Mn accumulation kinetics in the leaves and in the chloroplast lamellae displayed overall increases. Coupled to higher membrane selectivity, superoxide production and acyl lipids peroxidation in the thylakoids decreased, prompting upper rates of the Hill and Mehler reactions. Connected to UV‐B irradiation, higher accumulated Mn in thylakoids was found to be chelated in a 36.5 kDa protein, with Mn/protein ratio of about 1 and high content of Gln, Asp, Glu, Leu and Gly, being its EPR spectrum characteristic of high‐spin Mn(II), in a S = 5/2 ground state. As this protein exhibited enzymatic catalysis of superoxide dismutation, it was concluded that, under UV‐B irradiation, the high internal tolerance of Oryza sativa L. to Mn during the vegetative growth also triggers the synthesis of a manganese protein that mimics superoxide dismutase functioning, therefore furnishing an additional intimate protection against oxidative stress.     

红素氧还蛋白研究进展

自然界中大多数的红素氧还蛋白(rubredoxin)集中来自严格厌氧菌,包括细菌、古菌和少数微需氧细菌,而植物中该类蛋白相对较少,它的功能主要表现在作为辅因子或电子供体参与多个生化途径。也有研究显示,无论是植物中还是微生物中的红素氧还蛋白基因在协助生物抵御氧化胁迫方面均发挥着重要的作用。本文全面介绍自然界中的红素氧还蛋白基因的分布、结构以及在微生物、植物中所发挥的作用等,希望能为今后的进一步研究提供参考。     

盐胁迫对星星草幼苗保护酶系统的影响

在盐胁迫下,星星草幼苗过氧化氢酶活性随着胁迫时间的延长而增强,并与盐浓度呈显著正相关。超氧化物歧化酶活性随着胁迫浓度的增强而增强,当超过一定浓度(3.0%Na₂CO₃)时则趋减弱,尔后随着胁迫时间的延长而增强。过氧化物酶活性的变化规律与超氧化物歧化酶活性相似,但变化幅度较小。丙二醛含量随着胁迫时间的延长和胁迫强度的增强而增加。     

桑叶超氧物歧化酶（SOD）的研究

分别用高速冷冻离心法和低速室温离心法提取了桐乡青、湖桑１９７、团头荷叶白、尖头荷叶白４个品种的顶芽、第５位和第１０位叶以及蚕沙残桑叶的ＳＯＤ粗酶液，然后用ＮＢＴ光还原法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分别分析测定了它们的活性及其同工酶。试验结果表明：用高速冷冻离心法和低速室温离心法提取的ＳＯＤ，其活性无显著差异；同一叶位的桑叶ＳＯＤ活性在不同桑品种之间无显著差异；同一桑品种不同叶位的ＳＯＤ活性有显著差异；蚕沙残桑叶的ＳＯＤ活性与第１０位叶的ＳＯＤ活性相当。发现桑叶中有３～４种ＳＯＤ同工酶。     

Effects of α-lipoic acid, vitamins E and C upon the heat stress in Japanese quails

Antioxidant vitamins are commonly used as colorant, preventive, sweetener, nutritive and antioxidant materials in food industry. Thus, many studies have been conducted in recent years. We have performed the present study to understand the effects of α-lipoic acid (ALA), vitamin C and E, added into rations of Japanese quails, on chronic heat stress. This study was carried out in five groups as: control, stress, ALA, vitamin E and vitamin C groups. Heat stress is applied to all groups except the control group. Superficial pectoral muscles tissues were used for biochemical determinations. During the research, it is found that heat stress exerted undesired effects such as increasing lipid peroxidation (LPO) level indicating oxidative stress in Japanese quails. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities and glutathione (GSH) amounts were studied to understand the behaviour of defence mechanism. While stress increased LPO ratio, it was determined that all antioxidant added into the ration decreases LPO significantly (p < 0.05). In addition, it was determined that all of antioxidants added into ration effectively restored SOD activity and LPO ratio which heat stress affected negatively. Interestingly, vitamin C did not adjust GSH ratio in contrast to vitamin E and ALA, where vitamin E and C did not perform any positive effect on heat stress decreased CAT activity. Finally, it can be thought that antioxidant vitamins relatively ameliorated these undesired affects caused by stress factors given.     

犬红细胞Cu·Zn－SOD的纯化及其部分特性

采用乙醇－氯仿处理、加热、丙酮沉淀和ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ－５０柱层析的方法，从犬血红细胞中提纯了铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（Ｃｕ·Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ），并对其部分性质进行了研究。比活力为４１５０Ｕ／ｍｇ，不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳呈现１条区带，ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测得该酶的亚基分子量为１６３００，紫外最大吸收峰位于２５９ｎｍ，氨基酸组成中不含有色氨酸。     

复合微生态制剂对仔猪SOD活性的影响

为了研究复合微生态制剂对仔猪超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响,我们以超氧化物歧化酶活性为指标,采用邻苯三酚自氧化法测定SOD的活性,结果：复合微生态制刺可使仔猪血清中的SOD活性升高,因此,复合微生态制剂有抗脂质过氧化的作用,对仔猪超氧化物歧化酶活性的改变有保护作用、     

豌豆白粉菌侵染对活性氧迸发规律和紫花苜蓿叶片结构的影响

以专性寄生菌豌豆白粉菌接种紫花苜蓿,采用比色法和组织化学法对活性氧^·O2-和H₂O₂迸发的时间、强度及作用位点进行了研究;并就侵染部位的叶片制作了石蜡切片,对叶片结构进行了观察。结果表明,接种后,抗性品种庆阳苜蓿^·O2-和H₂O₂迸发均呈双峰形,^·O2-出现在接菌后4和48 h,H₂O₂出现在接菌后4和24 h,且第一次高峰强度高于第二次;而感病品种德宝苜蓿^·O2-含量未出现明显波动,H₂O₂迸发呈单峰形,仅在接菌后4 h出现一次迸发高峰。对活性氧ROS的作用位点进行研究发现,在叶片表面和内部细胞均未发现蓝色的^·O2-沉积位点;而H₂O₂产生并积累于苜蓿上、下表皮细胞的细胞膜及受侵染处叶肉细胞的细胞质。此外,首次发现病原菌侵染后,苜蓿叶片组织结构也相应发生了改变,表皮细胞下的栅栏组织由一个长柱形细胞变为了多个卵圆形细胞,以致难以区分栅栏组织和海绵组织。本研究结果说明,不同植物种与病原菌互作中,活性氧积累的时间和强度均不相同,启动防御反应的活性氧种类亦不同;苜蓿叶肉细胞结构和形态改变可能是抵御白粉菌侵染的积极反应之一。     

饮用天然高钼水诱发的钼中毒耕牛主要生物酶测定

本研究对高钼饮水诱导钼中毒的耕牛及对照牛的血浆及组织（肝脏、肺脏、肾脏、脾脏、心脏、肌肉）中超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、黄嘌呤氧化酶（ＸＯＤ）及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）等３种生物酶活性进行了对比分析测定。结果表明,血浆和组织中ＳＯＤ、ＸＯＤ及ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ均随着钼中毒的加重其活性显著下降。这３种生物酶是钼中毒比较灵敏且相关较大的生化指标,对钼中毒具有一定诊断价值;测定ＳＯＤ。ＸＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ可作为钼中毒监测的重要手段。     

不同家蚕品种血淋巴总SOD活力的差异及与生命力和产茧量性状的相关性

超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)是生物体内的一种重要氧自由基清除剂,并在一定程度上影响到生物体的抗逆能力。通过调查分析家蚕5龄幼虫血淋巴总SOD活力在不同地理系统、不同化性品种间和不同温湿度饲养条件下的差异,探讨通过测定5龄幼虫血淋巴总SOD活力,选择家蚕抗性品种育种材料的可行性。结果表明:常温下中系二化性品种5龄幼虫血淋巴的总SOD活力显著高于日系二化性品种和多化性品种;32℃高温、RH 95%处理一定时间后中系二化性普通品种和耐高温高湿品系总SOD活力显著升高,日系二化性普通品种和耐高温高湿品系则显著下降,但所有供试品种在35℃高温、RH 95%处理一定时间后血淋巴总SOD活力都显著低于常温常湿组。对5龄幼虫血淋巴的总SOD活力与幼虫生命率和虫蛹率的相关性统计分析表明二者之间呈显著正相关,而与茧层率之间无显著相关性。研究结果提示,5龄幼虫血淋巴总SOD活力可作为家蚕抗性育种材料选择的生化指标之一。