发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对大黄鱼幼鱼生长性能、体成分、血清生化指标及肝脏组织形态的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)幼鱼生长性能、体成分、血清生化指标及肝脏组织形态的影响,探索发酵豆粕替代大黄鱼幼鱼饲料中鱼粉的适宜比例。以鱼粉、小麦蛋白粉为主要蛋白质源,鱼油、大豆油和大豆卵磷脂为主要脂肪源,配制含40%鱼粉的基础饲料。以发酵豆粕替代基础饲料中0(R0组,作为对照组)、15%(R15组)、30%(R30组)、45%(R45组)、60%(R60组)、75%(R75组)的鱼粉,并在除对照组饲料外的各饲料中添加适量晶体氨基酸(赖氨酸和蛋氨酸),配制6种等氮(蛋白质水平为45%)等脂(脂肪水平为10%)的试验饲料。养殖试验在海水网箱(1.5 m×1.5 m×2.0 m)中进行,每种试验饲料投喂3个网箱,每个网箱放养60尾初始体重为(10.49±0.03)g大黄鱼幼鱼,养殖时间持续56 d。结果表明:各组大黄鱼幼鱼的存活率无显著差异(P0.05),但随着发酵豆粕替代鱼粉比例的升高有下降趋势;与R0组相比,R15、R30、R45组的特定生长率(SGR)、增重率(WGR)、饲料系数(FCR)无显著变化(P0.05),进一步提高鱼粉替代比例(R60、R75组),SGR、WGR显著降低(P0.05),FCR显著升高(P0.05);各组全鱼粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、水分含量无显著差异(P0.05),随着发酵豆粕替代鱼粉比例的升高,全鱼粗灰分含量有上升的趋势;各组血清生化指标没有显著差异(P0.05),但随着发酵豆粕替代鱼粉比例的升高,血清中总胆固醇含量有下降趋势,谷丙转氨酶活力有升高趋势;通过肝脏组织学观察发现,发酵豆粕替代鱼粉比例超过30%后会造成肝脏细胞的损伤,替代比例越高损伤越严重。综合各项测定指标,本研究认为:发酵豆粕替代饲料(含40%鱼粉)中30%的鱼粉较为适宜,过高的替代比例会造成大黄鱼幼鱼肝脏组织病变,导致生长速度、存活率下降。     

改性豆粕胶黏剂压制稻草板的研究

利用改性豆粕胶黏剂压制稻草板,可以有效缓解木材资源紧张的情况;采用正交实验方法考察了施胶量、热压时间、热压温度对不同配方改性的豆粕胶黏剂压制的稻草板的主要物理力学性能的影响,检测了稻草板的静曲强度和内结合强度;应用旋转粘度计,测定醋丙乳液改性豆粕胶黏剂的黏度。结果表明：改性豆粕胶黏剂的黏度均处于3000～8000 mPa·s范围内。在施胶量为30%时,利用稻草粒径在1.0～20 mm范围内的稻草刨花所压制出的稻草刨花板的静曲强度为14.23 MPa,内结合强度为0.43 MPa,其强度符合GB/T 21723—2008的要求。可见,施胶后的草片接触角明显减小,施加改性豆粕胶的稻草疏水性减弱;施胶后稻草的浸润性显著增强,稻草刨花彼此之间能形成良好的胶接效果。     

SN—924酶激活剂在大豆上的应用效果分析

在大豆上应用ＳＮ－９２４酶激活剂，可加快幼苗生长，增加叶片叶绿素含量和光合速率；单株结荚率提高１０％，产量增加１２％。     

大豆蚜防治适期与防治指标研究

在辽宁,6月下旬大豆蚜种群增长最快,是大豆蚜防治的关键时期。日前,生产上推行百株蚜量一万头的防治指标,可放宽。辽河中下游平原铁丰18大豆,可放宽到2.38—4.07万头;辽豆3号放宽到2.65—3.30万头。以查蚜量为指标,生产上应用困难较大。经研究,卷叶株率与百株蚜量密切相关,(?)=4.283 1.8419x(r=0.90)所以提出以卷叶株率为大面积生产防治的指示指标,铁丰18为10%,辽豆3号为8%。     

The Effects of Intercrop Spacing Patterns on the Silage Yield of Maize and Soybean

The effects of intercrop spacing patterns on the silage yields of both maize (lea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) were examined from 1985 to 1987. Dwarf maize was intercropped with nonnodulatmg or nodulating soybean in the spacing patterns, S_40same (two crops in the same row, 40 cm row width) and S_20ait or S_40ak (two crops in alternate rows, 20 cm or 40 cm row width, respectively). Tall maize was intercropped with nodulating soybean in S_40sames S_40alt and S_40pair (maize in 40 cm paired rows, soybean rows 20 cm outside each maize row and 80 cm from the next set of four rows) at 0 or 60 kg N ha⁻¹ and at population densities of 67% maize: 67% soybean or 50 % maize: 50% soybean. Maize and soybean were also intercropped and stripcropped on a farm-scale. The only difference between intercrops arranged in the same rows versus those in alternate rows was that the average soybean protein yields were higher in S_40same than in S_40alt. In 1986, the S_40alt maize-soybean intercrops produced higher maize yields, total biomass yields and Land Equivalent Ratios (LERs) than in S_40pirs, and in 1987, these responses were higher in intercrops than in stripcrops. In 1986, at 0 kg N ha⁻¹, the soybean biomass and protein yields were lower in S_40alt, than in S_40pairs and in 1987, these responses were lower in intercrops than in stripcrops.     

The Effect of Levels of α-Galactosidase Enzyme on Performance of Broilers Fed Diets Based on Corn and Soybean Meal

A study was conducted with male chicks of a commercial broiler strain to evaluate the effects of different dosage levels of a commercial α-galactosidase enzyme. Diets were formulated based on corn and soybean meal to meet the nutrient standards of top poultry companies. The positive control diet was formulated with no adjustment in the ME content of the soybean meal associated with enzyme supplementation. The negative control diet was formulated assuming a 10% improvement in the ME of the soybean meal. The negative control diet was supplemented with 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, or 6.0 g of enzyme per kilogram of soybean meal to provide for 0, 45, 90, 135, or 180 galactosidase units (GALU)/kg of soybean meal. Each of the test diets was fed in mash form to 8 replicate pens of 30 birds. Body weight, feed efficiency, mortality, and calorie conversion were determined at 14, 35, and 42 d of age. Body weight, feed efficiency, and mortality were not significantly (P < 0.05) affected by dietary treatment. Birds fed the negative control with no enzyme supplement were numerically reduced in body weight or feed efficiency as compared with the control diet; however, addition of the enzyme was without benefit. When unadjusted energy values were analyzed, birds fed the negative control diet were more efficient in calorie conversion, but this finding was unrelated to enzyme addition, suggesting that diet composition was responsible for the differences in calorie utilization. When adjusted energy values were compared, birds fed the negative control tended to have higher (less efficient) calorie conversion than those fed the positive control with little or no indication of improvement from the addition of the α-galactosidase enzyme. Results of this study show no benefit from the addition of the enzyme used in this trial.     

大豆锈病研究现状与进展

大豆锈病近年在东南亚、南美洲发展迅速,对大豆生产威胁越来越大,尤其2004年11月登陆美国大陆,更引起大豆研究者、大豆生产国和进口国的极大关注。本文介绍了近年国际上大豆锈病的研究进展,主要包括大豆锈病的发现、地理分布、病原、症状、寄主范围、病原菌生理分化和防治技术研究等。     

商丘大豆种质及其利用

对商丘大豆种质的历史演变历程、种质体系的建立、种质特性及利用进行综合剖析，为合理利用商丘大豆种质提供参考依据。     

发酵豆粕在犊牛饲料中的应用进展

豆粕是一种优质的植物性蛋白来源,含有丰富的氨基酸,但也含有胰蛋白酶抑制因子、抗原蛋白以及大豆凝集素等抗营养因子,容易引起犊牛消化功能紊乱,造成营养性腹泻,限制了其在犊牛上的使用量。微生物发酵可以改善豆粕的营养价值,使抗营养因子得到充分的降解,生成的小肽和有机酸有利于犊牛消化吸收和肠道健康,进而提高犊牛断奶日增重和免疫能力,降低犊牛的腹泻率和断奶应激。本文综述了豆粕经过发酵后带来营养价值的变化,并就发酵豆粕在犊牛上的应用进行概述,为其今后在犊牛中的应用提供参考。