Effects of Time and Rate of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Application on the Growth and the Seed and Oil Yields of Canola (Brassica napus L.)

A field study was conducted to investigate the influence of variable rates of application of N and P fertilizers in splits at various times on the growth and the seed and oil yields of canola (Brassica napus L.) during 1995–97. Rates of fertilizer application were 0 and 0 (F0), 60 and 0 (F1), 0 and 30 (F2), 60 and 30 (F3), 90 and 60 (F4) and 120 and 90 (F5) kg N ha^?1 and kg P₂O₅ ha^?1. All the P was applied at sowing while N was applied in splits, i.e. all at sowing, half at sowing and half with first irrigation, or half at sowing and half at flowering. The responses of growth, seed yield and components of yield were consistent in both years. Increasing the rate of fertilizer application from F4 (90/60 kg N/P₂O₅ ha^?1) to F5 (120/90 kg N/P₂O₅ ha^?1) increased the leaf area index (LAI) relative to the control and to lower rates of fertilizer application. For both crops, application of 90/60 kg N/P₂O₅ ha^?1 significantly enhanced total dry matter (TDM) and seed yield. Seed yield increased mainly due to a greater number of pods per plant and seeds per seed‐pod. The time of fertilizer application did not significantly affect seed yield or components of yield in either season. Oil yield generally followed seed yield, increasing with increasing rate of fertilizer application up to 90/60 kg N/P₂O₅ ha^?1. The maximum oil contents were obtained from the control. The results show that seed and oil yields of canola were maximized at the F4 (90/60 kg N/P₂O₅ ha^?1) rate of application under the agro‐ecological conditions of Faisalabad, Pakistan.     

不同施肥量对甜荞主要产量指标的影响

通过对定西地区甜荞不同施肥量下株高、分枝数、产量、降水利用效率等指标的综合比较认为,最佳的施肥量为:施纯N22.5kg/hm2、P2O530.46kg/hm2、K2O65.48kg/hm2,其对应株高73.4cm,分枝数4.4个,产量896.18kg/hm2,降水利用效率5.38kg/(hm2·mm)。     

Function of controlled release fertilizer in maintaining high agronomic use efficiency and minimizing environmental pollution in rice field of southern China

Development and use of controlled release fertilizer （CRF） in southern China, potential advantages of CRF in increasing rice yield and nutrient use efficiency were introduced, as well as its role of minimizing rice field＇s environmental contamination was discussed. Meanwhile, some suggestions were proposed.     

磷酸二铵作水稻基肥的效果

在水稻上进行不同基肥施用对比试验 ,结果表明 :分别用磷酸二铵 15 0、2 2 5kg/hm2 ,与习惯用碳铵 3 75kg/hm2 +普钙 3 75kg/hm2 作基肥的水稻相比 ,产量分别增加 169.5和 3 15kg/hm2 ,增产 2 .3 %和 4.4% ,达显著水平。用磷酸二铵代替碳铵和普钙作水稻基肥 ,具有省力、增产等优点。     

高尔夫球场施用农药化肥对环境影响研究进展

高尔夫球场农药化肥对环境的影响是目前国内外普遍关注的问题,通过查阅了大量高尔夫球场环境研究文献的基础上,叙述了国内外高尔夫球场环境的研究动向,对农药化肥给高尔夫球场环境造成的影响作了总结,并提出该项目的深入研究还需解决的问题。     

夏红薯施用惠满丰有机复混肥增产效果研究

夏红薯施用惠满丰有机复混肥300，600，900kg/hm^2后，较不施肥对照增产鲜薯4183.5-6516.0kg/hm^2，增产幅度24.8%-38.6%，平均31.8%。与施用化肥相比，增产鲜薯1716.0-4048.5kg/hm^2，增幅8.9%-20.9%，增产效果极为显著。在本试验条件下，无论等养分量与否，惠满丰有机复混肥产化肥增产效果显著，从增产及效益等方面综合评估，惠满丰有机复混肥的适宜施用量是600kg/hm^2左右。     

大豆专用肥对轮作,连作大豆叶片超微结构的影响

本文通过透射电镜观察了常规施肥与施用大豆专用复肥对轮作。连作大豆叶片超微结构的影响。结果发现，大豆连作导致叶绿体基粒片层结构破坏，淀粉粒积累，基粒片层结构出现“空隙区”。与常规施肥相比，施用复肥增强了轮作，连作大豆叶片叶绿体基粒片层结构的完整性，增加了基粒数量和基粒片层数，为促进大豆叶片的光合作用创造了条件，相关分析表明，叶绿体基粒片层数与大豆植株营养生长呈显著正相关。     

褐煤不同处理方法制成的腐植酸复合肥料增效作用

本项研究初步探明了褐煤不同处理方法制成的腐植酸复合肥料对玉米、小麦出苗率、株高、叶面积、干物质累积速度、生物产量的影响；并对腐植酸复合肥料各处理间对玉米、小麦生长的促进作用进行了比较，提出了褐煤制取腐植酸复合肥料的适宜方法，为腐植酸肥料的研制生产提供了有益参考。     

2种钙肥对菜心生长及品质的影响

采用73.0 mg/L的果蔬钙肥及1.25 g/L、2.5 g/L和3.75 g/L 3种浓度的氯化钙溶液对菜心进行叶面喷施,研究不同钙肥处理对菜心生长及品质的影响。试验结果表明,不同的钙肥处理均可促进菜心的生长发育,提高叶绿素含量、增加菜心的产量、改善菜心品质,但存在差异,73.0 mg/L的果蔬钙肥处理效果最好,低浓度氯化钙处理对菜心产量和品质影响很小,中浓度氯化钙处理影响比较大,高浓度氯化钙处理比中浓度处理效果差。在不同的生长发育期,作用效应有所不同,在菜心生长的初期各钙肥处理影响不大,生长中后期影响比较大。