工厂化养殖仿刺参营养品质分析与评价

为了更好地了解工厂化养殖仿刺参的营养成分和品质,本研究采用国标等方法,分别对工厂化养殖、池塘养殖、底播自然生长和海捕野生仿刺参的各项营养成分进行了分析和评价。结果显示,工厂化养殖仿刺参出皮率为62.7%~65.8%,煮后出皮率为24.8%~31.1%,显著高于其他来源仿刺参。工厂化养殖仿刺参的必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸为0.46~0.50,氨基酸营养价值平均得分为87.89~90.42,均高于其他来源仿刺参,说明其氨基酸营养价值水平较高。在其他营养成分方面,工厂化养殖仿刺参与池塘养殖仿刺参较为相近。自然环境生长仿刺参由于摄食来源广泛、生长周期较长,其蛋白质与脂肪水平普遍高于其他来源仿刺参。综合分析认为,工厂化养殖仿刺参的营养价值与池塘养殖仿刺参相近,在出皮率和氨基酸营养水平上优于池塘养殖和自然环境生长仿刺参,说明工厂化养殖仿刺参具有较好的品质和营养价值。     

饲料营养对猪肉品质的影响

对影响猪肉品质的主要营养因素:能量、脂肪和脂肪酸、蛋白质和氨基酸、维生素、矿物质元素及其它饲料添加剂的饲养试验效应进行了综述,并提出了今后有待解决的问题.     

中药-甜菜碱复方对高温环境下三黄鸡营养代谢的影响

本试验通过研究中药、中药-甜菜碱及甜菜碱对高温环境下三黄鸡营养代谢的影响,筛选出其最佳添加剂量,为进一步开发抗高温应激中药饲料添加剂提供参考.选用288只三黄鸡,公、母各半.育雏2周后,随机分为8组,在日粮中添加中药、中药-甜菜碱或甜菜碱,分别测定33～35日龄、56～58日龄及88～90日龄鸡的钙、磷代谢率,蛋白质、能量代谢率,以及在代谢试验期间的采食量、体增重.结果显示,与高温对照组相比,(1)在33～35日龄段,添加中药、中药-甜菜碱及甜菜碱均能显著提高公、母鸡的钙、磷、蛋白质代谢率和采食量、体增重;(2)在56～58日龄段,添加中药组、中药-甜菜碱组及甜菜碱组均能显著提高公、母鸡的钙、磷、蛋白质代谢率和在代谢试验期间的采食量、体增重以及公鸡的能量利用率;(3)在88～90日龄段,中药、中药-甜菜碱和甜菜碱均能显著提高高温环境中公、母鸡的钙、磷、蛋白质代谢率和采食量,公鸡的能量利用率和体增重.中药-甜菜碱复方抗三黄鸡热应激的最佳添加量为0.8%中药 0.2%甜菜碱.     

转Bt-基因棉棉仁粉对鲤鱼营养价值的研究

为评估转Ｂｔ－基因棉棉仁粉用作鱼饲料的有效性和安全性,将其配成试验饲料进行了１４周鲤鱼喂养,前８周着重就鲤钱垢增重率、特定生长率、铒料系数、鱼体化学成分含量等营养学指标进行了观察。上述各项指标经统计分析,在试验组和对照组之间均无显著性差异。表明转Ｂｔ－基因棉棉仁粉经脱棉酚处理后,与常规棉棉仁粉一样可作鱼用饲料的蛋白源。     

Evaluation of lipid spray beads for the delivery of water-soluble materials to a marine suspension-feeder, the Manila clam Tapes philippinarum (Deshayes 1853)

We describe the development and evaluation of a new microparticle for delivering low-molecular weight, water-soluble materials to suspension feeders. Spray beads successfully incorporated materials dissolved in an aqueous phase or as dry particulate, within a triacylglyceride bead composed of tripalmitin, 600 mg g⁻¹ tripalmitin/400 mg g⁻¹ triolein, or 600 mg g⁻¹ tripalmitin/400 mg g⁻¹ fish oil.
Riboflavin was successfully incorporated (up to 44 mg g⁻¹ lipid) and retained (up to 98% over 24 h in seawater) as dry particles in all three mixtures of lipid. Aqueous oxytetracycline hydrochloride or polymeric dye were incorporated (45.6 mg g⁻¹ lipid and 18.1 mg g⁻¹ lipid, respectively) and retained best (99% and 94%, respectively) in spray beads composed of tripalmitin. The addition of triolein or fish oil to the lipid bead reduced incorporation and retention efficiencies for aqueous core materials by up to 75%.
Manila clam seed readily ingested and digested lipid microparticles, spray beads and lipid-walled microcapsules. Microparticles composed of tripalmitin were excreted with their payloads intact. Intact microparticles composed of 600 mg g⁻¹ tripalmitin/400 mg g⁻¹ fish oil were largely absent in faecal strands suggesting successful release and delivery of microparticle contents to clams.
Spray beads composed of tripalmitin softened with 400 mg g⁻¹ fish oil represent an effective microparticle type for delivering low-molecular weight, water-soluble materials to aquatic suspension feeders.     

Dietary available phosphorus requirement for juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio var. CASIII)

A 57‐day growth experiment was conducted with juvenile gibel carp (13.48 ± 0.10 g) in a flow‐through system to study the effect of dietary phosphorus on growth performance, body composition, nutrition utilization, phosphorus loading and enzymes activities. Seven semipurifed diets were formulated to contain 0.07 (the basal), 2.27, 5.32, 8.10, 12.06, 15.24 and 19.48 g available phosphorus/kg diet. The results showed that specific growth rate, body length and feed efficiency significantly increased in the fish fed diets containing 0.07 to 15.24 g available P/kg diet (p < .05). Ash and P content increased in fish fed diets containing 0.07–12.06 P g/kg (p < .05) and then levelled off, while moisture, crude protein and lipid had no significant difference (p > .05). The protein retention efficiency increased in the fish fed with diets 0.07–5.32 g/kg P (p < .05) and then reached a plateau. The P content in faeces was higher in fish fed diets containing 15.24 and 19.48 g available P/kg. Total P concentration in tank water increased in fish fed 0.07–12.06 g available P per kg diet (p < .05). The plasma P was higher in the fish fed with 15.24 g available P/kg diet (p < .05), triglycerides was lower in the fish fed diet containing 15.24 and 19.48 g available P/kg (p < .05), no significant differences were observed in plasma Ca, plasma glucose and calcitonin (p > .05). Based on SGR, whole body P content and FE, dietary available P requirement for juvenile gibel carp were 13.37, 13.97 g/kg and 15.06 respectively.     

小肽营养研究进展

小肽(sp)是动物降解蛋白质为氨基酸过程中的中间产物,对动物的重要营养有重要的营养作用。本文就小肽的吸收机制和特点、影响小肽释放和吸收的因素、小肽的营养作用以及其在动物营养中的应用等作一综述。     

青岛市崂山近岸海域水质营养现状与评价

根据2005年7、9月和2006年9、11月对青岛市崂山近岸海域的4次调查结果,分析并评价了该海域的营养状况。结果表明,表层无机氮、PO4-P和COD含量,仰口至港东、石老人、流清河湾海域略高于其他水域。底层无机氮、PO4-P均为仰口至港东水域含量较高,COD为太清宫湾水域含量较高,其余水域分布相对较均匀。从营养结构分析,7和11月该海域表、底层,N与P相比显得相对缺乏;9月表层,N与P相比也显得相对缺乏;9月底层N/P比值接近16∶1,氮、磷均不受限制。从营养状况看,除2005年9月份该海域水质处于富营养化水平外,其他调查月份水质均未达到富营养化。     

篮子鱼生物学与养殖技术研究现状及展望

篮子鱼共有27种,广泛分布于热带亚热带的印度洋-太平洋及地中海东部海域.篮子鱼具有食性杂、养殖周期短、营养价值高等优点,可摄食藻类,混养时能提高单位水体产量.近年来篮子鱼生物学研究不断深入,人工繁育逐渐开展,养殖规模不断扩大.综述了篮子鱼形态结构、生长特性、食性与营养需求等生物学特征,总结了篮子鱼池塘养殖与网箱养殖技术,并对人工养殖存在的问题与发展前景进行了阐述,预计篮子鱼可以开发成为优良的杂食性养殖品种.     

琯溪蜜柚品质综合评价及优质高产的营养诊断

通过对302个代表性蜜柚果园的品质成分和叶片营养状况进行系统分析,探讨琯溪蜜柚果实品质评价中的主要影响因子以及对不同区域和土壤类型果园的果实品质进行综合评价,确定高产优质果树叶片养分元素适宜含量,并采用诊断施肥综合法（DRIS）对蜜柚果园进行了营养诊断研究。结果表明：经因子分析,提取出3个特征根>1的公因子,累积贡献率为69.7%,第1公因子中起主要作用的指标是固酸比、可溶性固形物和总糖,方差贡献率为36.8%;第2公因子中起主要作用的指标是粒化率和开裂瓣数,方差贡献率为20.3%;第3公因子中起主要作用的指标是单果重和可滴定酸,方差贡献率为12.7%;东半县的果实品质综合评价得分要优于西半县,山地红壤的果实品质综合得分要优于水稻土;琯溪蜜柚优质高产生产的叶片元素含量的适宜范围分别为：N 2.15%~2.80%,P 0.12%~0.17%,K 1.25%~1.85%,Ca 2.10%~4.25%,Mg 0.25%~0.55%,S 0.25%~0.40%,Mn 20~145 mg/kg,Zn 25~50 mg/kg,B 35~135 mg/kg;通过DRIS营养诊断表明,东半县山地红壤果园最缺乏的元素是B、Mg和Ca,东半县水稻土果园最缺乏的元素是Mg、N和P,西半县山地红壤果园最缺乏的元素是Zn、Ca和Mg,西半县水稻土果园最缺乏的元素是Zn、K和S。因此,为满足人们对果实品质的更高要求,亟需根据新的营养诊断标准和区域的差异性调整施肥策略,实现琯溪蜜柚果实产量和品质的协同提高,促进琯溪蜜柚产业的可持续发展。