运动场地负压快速排水的机理与应用

从非饱和渗流的微分方程出发 ,推导出运动场负压快速排水的机理 ,再结合广东省惠州超能双语学校足球训练场的应用实例 ,对排水系统在场地结构、管网布置、负压真空等技术环节上给予阐述     

Detection and Monitoring of Larger Grain Borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

Methods for detecting and for monitoring Prostephanus truncatus(Horn) are crucial components in phyto- sanitary control, research programmes and pest management against this beetle. P. truncatus is unusual in that its populations are distributed widely between natural habitats and stores holding maize grain and dried cassava roots, which necessitates a similarly wide range of sampling methodologies. This review considers successful and unsuccessful approaches to sampling the pest populations in both stores and the natural environment and concludes with a consideration of how monitoring could contribute to integrated pest management for P. truncatus.     

套作棉花共生期需水规律研究

黄淮平原麦棉两熟共生期长达50d,水分胁迫是导致套作棉花迟发晚熟的重要因素,研究减缓共生期水分胁迫对棉花促早发有重要意义。测定表明,套作棉花共生期土壤吸水力较同期一熟种植棉田变化幅度大,出现3次峰值,土壤吸水力均高于 60Kpa;地膜覆盖有利于保墒,提高水分利用率,一熟与两熟种植几种配置方式土壤吸水力均低于不覆盖;在两熟种植条件下,3 1式配置方式土壤吸水力出现 60Kpa的时间比4 2式提前4～6d,且持续时间长,不利于棉苗生长,4 2式较利于棉苗生长。研究结果表明,共生期棉田土壤吸水力达到 60Kpa之前应及时灌水,否则棉苗出现萎蔫死亡。     

立锥式小区花生脱壳机气吸清选装置研制

在花生育种栽培和植保等科研实践中，需要进行大量的小区试验，每个试验小区花生均需进行独立收获、脱壳和清选。由于没有相应的小区花生脱壳与清选设备，仅人工作业效率低下且容易出现"混杂"问题。为此该研究在已研制的立锥式小区花生脱壳机及脱壳装置基础上，设计了三通道横流气吸清选装置。通过试验获得了花生脱壳后物料主要成分的漂浮速度和空气动力因数，分析了花生脱出物在水平横吸气流场中的受力和运动轨迹分析，并据此进行清选装置关键部件结构、参数设计和样机研制。以四粒红花生为试验对象，进行了花生脱壳与清选装置性能试验。性能试验结果表明，当转速为1 200 r/min、喂入量为15 kg/min时，吸风口高度为80 mm时的综合清选性能较好，损失率为2.01%、含杂率为0.98%，优于行业标准。该研究填补了国内小区花生脱壳清选装置的空白，对进一步开展花生科研和检验等小型专用花生脱壳清选设备研究具有一定参考价值。     

The response of Aporrectodea rosea and Aporrectodea trapezoides (Oligochaeta: Lubricidae) to moisture gradients in three soil types in the laboratory

The question of whether the response of earthworms to soil moisture is governed by their reaction to soil wetness (moisture content) or to soil water energy (matric suction) was examined in two species of earthworm using moisture gradients in three contrasting soil types with clay contents varying from 4 to 39%. Gravimetric moisture gradients ranging over 5–30% were established in horizontal cores comprising 12 or 14 sections containing loosely packed soil. Earthworms were introduced to each section at the beginning of each experiment. The earthworms moved from sections containing dry soil into adjacent sections containing moister soil. Clear effects were evident after 6 h but these became more obvious after 96 h. For the earthworm Aporrectodea rosea, the threshold soil mositure level at which earthworms were induced to move away from dry soil was a matric suction of about 300 kPa (pF 3.4) and was independent of soil type. In contrast, for A. trapezoides, the threshold soil moisture varied with soil type (sandy loam 15 kPa, loam 25 kPa, clay 300 kPa). We conclude that, for the earthworm A. rosea, matric suction and not water content of soil provided the cue by which the earthworm recognized dry soil. For A. trapezoides, there was an interaction between matric suction and soil type in which the response of A. trapezoides to soil moisture varied with soil texture and the threshold for avoidance of dry soil ranged from a matric suction of 300 kPa (20% w/w) in clay to 15 kPa (10% w/w) in sandy loam.     

气吸式穴盘播种器性能研究

穴盘精量播种机是工厂化设施园艺生产的关键设备.目前，国内农机市场缺少价格低、操作简单、效果好的气吸式穴盘播种机.为此，研究了气吸式穴盘播种器在不同类型蔬菜种子、气室真空度和吸种盘孔径条件下的播种性能,并在播种试验台进行了性能试验,得出了不同种子播种性能与气室真空度和吸种孔径的关系;同时,结合多方面实际因素设计,为开发适合我国国情的气吸式精量播种机提供了理论基础.     

"一器4行"针孔气力式蔬菜排种器的设计与试验

为了保证穴盘育苗播种的精密性,实现高效播种,根据蔬菜种子的播种农艺要求,提出了“一器4行”气力式排种方案,设计了蔬菜“一器4行”排种器。根据播种因素对工作性能的影响以及播种试验,确定了排种器的设计参数。播种样机采用种子在供种盘中沸腾振动与气吸相结合的原理对种子进行播种,利用1排针孔进行吸排种,然后通过导种管将种子分成4行,实现每次同时播种4行。通过对白菜种子的播种试验表明,播种机播种的单粒合格率达95%以上,最高每小时可播种600盘以上,空穴率低于3%。     

从饱和度再认识非饱和表层土吸力

为了探讨非饱和土水膜中的重力水对总吸力的影响,根据饱和度大小情况,将非饱和土中的水、气形态分成了四类,即界限饱和度Sr1,Sr2,Sr3,Sr4.分析了非饱和土中的总吸力组成和水膜中重力水对总吸力的影响,并推导出界限饱和度Sr2条件重力水对总吸力影响的计算公式,在此基础上给出了颗粒级数分别为10-3mm~100mm的总吸力与饱和度的关系图.最后选择了一种试验值模拟比较.模拟比较表明,考虑重力水的作用下理论计算值与实测值更加吻合,从而证实了重力水对吸力的影响是不可忽略的.     

泵几何安装高度的分析与确定

泵的几何安装高度是保证泵在设计工况下不发生汽蚀的重要条件。在定义泵几何安装高度的基础上，分析了泵允许吸上真空高度，汽蚀余量与几何安装高度的关系，归纳总结了各类泵参考书中有关确定泵安装高度的计算，换算公式及存在的问题，提出了相应的观点。     

橡胶苗吸水树脂干粉处理提高定植试验

生产性试验表明,应用吸水树脂干粉法进行橡胶苗提早(在3月中旬至4月上旬)抗旱定植,比吸水树脂兑水稀释法提高了工效,降低成本,而且胶苗生长更好。