北美香柏全光喷雾扦插繁殖技术研究

在全光喷雾条件下,研究了基质、蔗糖处理、激素处理和插穗年龄对北美香柏插穗生根的影响。结果表明:以蛭石为基质扦插香柏的生根效果最好。蔗糖处理可以显著提高生根率,浓度为5%的蔗糖处理效果最佳。激素对促进生根也有显著效果,以2000 mg/L ABT2速蘸30 s处理效果最好,生根率达到92.9%。随着插穗年龄的增加,生根率下降,1 a生枝条扦插生根效果最好。     

空心莲子草不定根膨大过程中主要营养物质含量的变化

利用空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)地上茎段扦插育苗,在空心莲子草生长20、45、70、95 d时,研究其不定根膨大过程中可溶性蛋白质、可溶性总糖、蔗糖、淀粉含量的动态变化。结果表明,空心莲子草不定根膨大过程中,随着根直径不断增加,可溶性蛋白质含量呈上升趋势,可溶性总糖和蔗糖含量呈急剧上升趋势并保持在较高含量水平,淀粉含量低且变化不大。不同膨大时期,蔗糖占可溶性总糖的比例均较高。可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性总糖含量、蔗糖含量与空心莲子草宿根的主要生长指标(宿根直径、根长、表面积、体积、干重、根冠比)均呈现极显著正相关关系(P0.01),淀粉含量与其他各项指标均无显著相关性(P0.05)。表明可溶性蛋白质、可溶性总糖、蔗糖是空心莲子草不定根膨大的物质基础,其中可溶性总糖、蔗糖是宿根的重要组成物质和贮藏成分。而淀粉在空心莲子草宿根形成中并不是重要物质。     

The G-protein subunits FGA2 and FGB1 play distinct roles in development and pathogenicity in the banana fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

The soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense causes banana (Musa spp.) vascular wilt. Here, we examine the roles of G-protein α and β subunit genes fga2 and fgb1 in F. oxysporum development and pathogenicity. Deletion of either or both genes led to increased heat resistance, lower cAMP levels, and enhanced pigmentation, whereas phenotypic defects of colony morphology and reduced conidiation were seen in Δfgb1 and Δfga2/Δfgb1 deletion strains but not in Δfga2. Conversely, Δfgb1 retained greater virulence against banana, suggesting that FGA2 regulates fungal virulence whereas FGB1 modulates both development and virulence, potentially via the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A pathway.     

Functional analysis of the G-protein α subunits FGA1 and FGA3 in the banana pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

The asexual fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is the causal agent of fusarium wilt in bananas (Musa spp.). This fungus poses a threat to banana production throughout the world. Here, two Foc genes, fga1 and fga3, were functionally characterized. These genes encode proteins homologous to the G-protein α subunits GPA1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and MAGC from Magnaporthe grisea, respectively. The deletion of fga1 leads to a phenotypic defect in colony morphology and reductions in vegetative growth, conidiation and pathogenicity against the banana plant (Musa spp. cv. Brazil), which was not observed for the Δfga3 deletion mutant. Intriguingly, both Δfga1 and Δfga3 deletion mutants showed declines in intracellular cyclic AMP levels and increases in heat resistance, suggesting that FGA1 regulates growth, development, pathogenicity, and heat resistance, whereas FGA3 modulates heat resistance, potentially through the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A pathway. These findings offer insights into the roles of the G-protein α subunits in the development and pathogenicity of the fungus Foc.     

赤霉素、水杨酸、柠檬酸和蔗糖对灰毛黄栌叶色变化的影响

 2011 年秋,选取长势一致的4 年生灰毛黄栌（Cotinus coggygria var. cinerea Engl.）组培苗, 喷施不同浓度的赤霉素（GA3）、水杨酸、柠檬酸和蔗糖水溶液,研究其对叶色的影响。结果表明,使用 浓度为0.01 mmol · L-1 的赤霉素处理可以推迟灰毛黄栌的落叶期,从而使叶片观赏期平均延后5 d;用浓 度为0.5 mmol · L-1 的水杨酸处理,会使叶片观赏期平均推迟7 d,而浓度为1.0 mmol · L-1 的水杨酸处理, 叶片的观赏期平均提前了3 d;喷施4.8 mmol · L-1 的柠檬酸和200.0 mmol · L-1 的蔗糖溶液,都能显著提高 灰毛黄栌叶片中花青素的相对含量,使叶片更红,并且使叶片的观赏期分别提前了6 d 和9 d。     

植物源月季切花保鲜剂的筛选研究

以切花月季"戴安娜"为试验花材,以蔗糖、大蒜水提液和VC为原料,按照L9(34)正交设计配制瓶插液,通过测定瓶插寿命、花径变化率、鲜质量损失率和水分平衡值,研究不同瓶插液的保鲜效果.结果表明:在瓶插寿命指标上,20 g/L蔗糖+大蒜水提液(水提料液比1∶20(g/mL))+100 mg/L VC的配方组合表现最佳.极差分析表明,蔗糖是影响月季切花瓶插寿命的最主要因素,大蒜水提液次之.在鲜质量损失率指标上,10 g/L蔗糖+大蒜水提液(水提料液比1∶40(g/mL))+200 mg/L VC的配方组合表现最优.所有处理对月季切花的花径变化率和水分平衡值无显著影响.     

Tillage Depth Effects on Soil Physical Properties,Sugarbeet Yield,and Sugarbeet Quality

Tillage depth influences the soil–water–plant ecosystem, thereby affecting crop yield and quality. The effects of tillage depth on soil physical properties and sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) yield and quality were evaluated. A field study composed of two tillage depths [10 cm, referred to as shallow (ST), and 20 cm, referred to as deep (DT)] was conducted on a Lihen sandy loam soil in spring 2007 at the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) irrigated research farm near Williston, North Dakota. Soil bulk density (ρ_b), gravimetric water content (θ_w), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) were measured three times during the growing season at four depth increments to 40 cm deep. Samples were taken approximately 0.5 m apart within the crop row of irrigated sugarbeet. Soil air-filled pore volume (ε_a) was calculated from soil bulk density and water content data. Soil penetration resistance (PR) was also measured in 2.5-cm increments to a depth of 35 cm. Roots were hand-harvested from each plot, and each sample consisted of the roots within an area consisting of two adjacent rows 1.5 m long. Soil ρ_b was greater in ST than in DT, whereas Ks was greater with DT than with ST. Soil PR was significantly greater in ST than in DT at the 0- to 20-cm depth. Soil θ_w and ε_a were slightly greater in DT than those under ST. Although tillage depth had no significant effect on sugarbeet population, root yield, or sucrose content, a small difference in sucrose yield between two depths of tillage may be attributed to reduced ρ_b, increased water intake, improved aeration, and increased response to nitrogen uptake under DT than under ST. It was concluded that tillage depth enhanced soil physical quality and had little effect on sugarbeet yield or quality.     

花生籽仁蔗糖含量近红外模型构建及在高糖品种培育中的应用

含糖量是决定和影响花生食用品质和加工特性的重要指标,蔗糖含量占成熟花生籽仁总糖量的90%以上,建立蔗糖含量的高效检测技术,有助于加快高蔗糖甜味食用型花生品种培育进程。本研究利用蔗糖含量差异显著的185份花生材料,利用近红外仪(波长范围1100~2500 nm),配合小样品杯,扫描和采集自然干燥籽仁的近红外光谱,采用液相色谱(HPLC)结合标准曲线法测定试验材料的蔗糖含量,利用偏最小二乘法(partial least squares,PLS)构建了花生籽仁蔗糖含量的近红外定标模型,模型的决定系数R2=0.962,均方差为0.383。利用20份材料对模型进行外部验证,预测值和化学值的决定系数达0.947,表明该模型可较好地预测蔗糖含量,可以高效地测定杂交早期世代的单株花生蔗糖含量。利用该模型在“吉花02-1-4×中花26”杂交后代中发掘出6份含糖量7%以上、油酸78%以上、含油量48%以下,且农艺性状优良的食用花生新品系。     

基于HPLC-RID的花生籽仁可溶性糖含量检测方法的建立

食用型花生是我国乃至世界范围内花生育种的重要方向之一,但是花生遗传改良中缺乏与食用品质相关的可溶性糖含量的快速检测方法,限制了食用花生育种进展。本研究建立了80%乙醇和水浴快速提取花生籽仁可溶性糖的方法,该提取方法与国标法相比,简化了样品前期处理步骤,加快了提取进度。通过准确性和重复性试验对该方法的验证表明,该方法的重复性较好,而且准确有效。以20份花生品种为材料,利用高效液相-示差折光法对该方法提取的样品和国标法提取的样品进行检测发现,成熟花生籽仁中的可溶性糖主要是蔗糖,葡萄糖和果糖很少,2种方法测定的结果差异不显著。利用本研究建立的方法检测20份花生品种的结果显示,蔗糖含量最低为16.19 mg g^-1,最高为83.81 mg g^-1,平均为30.41 mg g^-1。利用国标法检测的结果显示,蔗糖含量最低为15.60 mg g^-1,最高为81.38 mg g^-1,平均为30.20 mg g^-1。这些检测结果,一方面进一步验证了所建立方法的实用性,另一方面也表明这些花生品种中的蔗糖含量差异较大。     

石斛属植物基因组DNA提取方法的对比

笔者使用6种DNA提取方法提取7种含糖量较高的石斛属植物的DNA,比较不同方法提取DNA的效果,结果表明:改良PEX法和改良CTAB法对含有丰富多糖和多酚类的石斛属植物的DNA提取效果较好。改良PEX法与其他5种方法对比,可以更好地去除多糖类和多酚物质的干扰,能够满足后续的分子生物学实验的要求。改良CTAB法和改良SDS法与CTAB法和SDS法相比,可获得较高的DNA产率,并且可以较好地去除多糖类杂质的干扰。