5种木兰科Magnoliaceae植物的耐涝性研究

以5种木兰科Magnoliaceae植物的2年生实生苗为试材,观察分析淹水胁迫下植株的生长和形态指标,探讨木兰科植物的耐涝性。结果表明:星花玉兰Magnolia polytepala、多瓣紫玉兰Yulania stellate有很强的耐涝性,二者存活率为100%,叶片受害指数仅分别为15.2和13.6,淹水中后期出现生长量增加,茎基部皮孔长出白色短粗不定根。‘绿星’玉兰M.‘LüXing’、黄山玉兰Y. cylindrica耐涝性较差,但种内不同个体间的耐涝性差异较大,存活率为0%和12%,叶片受害指数100和97.6。洛氏木兰‘皮鲁埃特’M.×loebneri ‘Mag's pirouette’耐涝性居中,存活率为84%,叶片受害指数57.0,淹水末期出现了轻微生长恢复,未出现不定根。5种木兰科植物的耐涝性由强到弱依次为多瓣紫玉兰>星花玉兰>洛氏木兰‘皮鲁埃特’>黄山玉兰>‘绿星’玉兰。     

In vitro suppression of quercetin on hypertrophy and extracellular matrix accumulation in rat glomerular mesangial cells cultured by high glucose

Quercetin's protective effects on the glomerulosclerosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in rat mesangial cells were investigated. The cell cycles, type IV collagen and laminin, TGF-β₁ mRNA, Smad 2/3 and Smad 7, and activities of cell antioxidases were measured. Compared with the high glucose group, quercetin may decrease the cell percentages of G₀/G₁ phase, Smad 2/3 expression, laminin and type IV collagen, and TGF-β₁ mRNA level significantly. The antioxidant capacity, the cell percentages of S phase and Smad 7 expression was significantly increased by quercetin. These results suggest that quercetin is a protective agent against glomerulosclerosis in DN.     

华南22种园林植物耐涝性筛选

城市园林植物的耐涝性筛选及其合理应用,对海绵城市设施功能的实现作用显著。本研究选取华南地区22种园林植物,通过水淹胁迫(0、5、10和15d)试验,观测其叶绿素相对含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化物酶活性(POD)活性的变化,运用隶属函数和主成分分析法,综合评价其耐涝性。结果表明,对22种植物的耐涝性综合评价值的聚类分析可划分为3个抗逆级别,分别为Ⅰ级耐涝植物:中华天胡荽Hydrocotyle chinensis、风车草Cyperus involucratus、黄蝉Allamanda schottii、鸢尾Ⅰris tectorum、鹅掌柴Schefflera heptaphylla、蓝花草Ruellia simplex、栀子Gardenia jasminoides;Ⅱ级一般较耐涝植物:茉莉花Jasminum sambac、红鳞蒲桃Syzygium hancei、基及树Carmona microphylla、米仔兰Aglaia odorata、四季桂Osmanthus fragrans var. semperflorens、灰莉Fagraea ceilanica、紫薇Lagerstr...     

丛枝菌根真菌提高植物非生物胁迫耐受性研究进展

丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF或AM真菌)是一种在土壤中广泛存在的有益真菌,能与地球上80％左右陆生植物根系共生形成丛枝菌根结构.AM真菌能通过与宿主植物交换碳源,促进宿主植物对N和P等无机营养元素的吸收,提高植株生产力和抵抗非生物胁迫的能力.全球气候变化和化肥农药的使用...     

Dietary strategies to improve the growth and feed utilization of barramundi,Lates calcarifer under high water temperature conditions

Several dietary strategies to ameliorate poorer growth observed to occur at temperatures above the upper thermal optima were examined with juvenile barramundi (Lates calcarifer). A reference (REF) and three experimental diets, one with an increased protein to energy ratio (PRO), another with an increased level of the amino acid histidine (HIS) and a third with supplementation of dietary nucleotides (NUC), were each fed to fish at either 30 °C or 37 °C for a 28‐day period. Growth was affected by both temperature and diet. Fish fed the PRO diet at 30 °C grew fastest, but not faster than those fed the NUC diet at the same temperature. The addition of the amino acid histidine to the diet did not improve growth rates at either temperature. At water temperatures of 37 °C, only the fish fed the PRO diet had growth rates equivalent to those of fish at the 30 °C temperatures. Other key factors including feed intake, feed conversion rate, nutrient and energy retention and plasma enzymology were also all affected by temperature and diet. This study shows that the use of a diet with an increased protein to energy ratio provides significant benefits in terms of reducing the impact of growth retardation at higher temperatures.     

几个杨树品种低温与变温胁迫对比试验

以几种常见杨树品种为试材,在不同时期进行了低温胁迫试验,通过相对电导率测试及生长恢复情况调查,分析了不同时期低温对杨树发生冻害的影响,结果显示：在冬季树木深休眠期持续的低温对杨树具有一定的伤害,但伤害程度不大;初春树木萌动期低温对杨树伤害较大。根据此结论,进一步开展变温胁迫试验,结果显示：高温和低温的变温对不同杨树伤害较大,而且变化幅度越剧烈,造成伤害越严重。     

石漠化区枫香、刺槐和柏木的抗逆性初步研究

于不同程度石漠化区的枫香、刺槐和柏木人工林中采集叶片为试材,通过比对3种植物叶片中叶绿素、SOD、丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸含量的变化,对石漠化区3种植物抗逆性进行分析评价。结果表明:不同石漠化程度区对植物体内SOD含量的影响显著。在轻度石漠化区,柏木SOD含量最高,刺槐SOD含量最低;在中度石漠化区,柏木SOD含量最高,枫香SOD含量最低;在重度石漠化区,枫香SOD含量最高,刺槐SOD含量最低。刺槐叶片MDA含量与叶绿素含量呈显著负相关,而柏木叶片MDA含量与叶绿素含量则呈显著正相关。     

Changes induced by osmotic stress in the morphology,biochemistry, physiology,anatomy and stomatal parameters of almond species （Prunus L. spp.） grown in vitro

We investigated the influence of different levels of osmotic stress on growth and development in selected wild almond species(eight Prunus spp.) grown in vitro. The study, while endorsing the efficacy of in vitro screening of auxiliary buds of wild almond for osmotic stress tolerance, showed species variability in its response to osmotic stress. Osmotic stress reduced growth and development of all the species. However, the putative tolerant Prunus spp. showed better performance than the putative susceptible genotypes. On average there was an 80% decrease in shoot dry weight at-1.2 MPa. Reduction in shoot weight was more common in osmotic stress-susceptible species in the section labeled ‘Euamygdalus'. The tolerant Prunus species produced smaller changes in biochemical responses than the sensitive cultivars for malondialdehyde content, catalase activity, relative permeability of protoplast membranes, and net photosynthetic rate. The tolerant species maintained cell integrity better than drought sensitive species. Wild almond species in the section labeled ‘Spartioides'(Prunus arabica(Olivier) Neikle, Prunus glauca (Browicz) A.E. Murray, Prunus scoparia Spach) and ‘Lycioides'(Prunus lycioides Spach, Prunus reuteri Bossi. et Bushe) were best adapted to osmotic stress. Increase in chlorophyll concentration and leaf thickness under high osmotic stress can be considered as preliminary selection parameters for osmotic stress tolerance in Prunus spp. The study confirmed the efficacy of the in vitro method for screening of large number of genotypes for osmotic stress tolerance in wild almond species.     

皂荚(属)研究进展及产业化发展前景*

综述了国内外皂荚(属)主要研究进展,包括引种栽培、种实、刺特征与成份、抗逆性、药用价值、生态经济价值、食品及其它工业的开发应用、繁殖技术、遗传学研究等方面。从皂荚(属)资源保护、评价与合理利用及产业化发展的角度,提出开展种源试验与选择、繁殖技术研究,建立良种选育机制和种质资源保存机制,完善加工型企业,从而促进社会经济增长等产业化发展对策。     

Sensitivity of Root Rot Antagonist Phlebiopsis gigantea spores to high temperature or pressure

Aqueous suspensions of Phlebiopsis gigantea oidiospores, used as a biological control agent against Heterobasidion annosum, were either (1) set under pressure, (2) warmed or (3) used in mechanized stump treatment. Survival of P. gigantea following these treatments was monitored by estimation of oidia germination on agar medium and compared with the germination of oidia from control suspensions. Pressure up to 2200 kPa had no effect on the survival of P. gigantea. No effect on the survival was detected following incubation at ambient pressure for between 5 min and 8 h at 20°C. Phlebiopsis gigantea spore germination had an optimum at 30°C. When exposed to temperatures exceeding 30°C, viability of P. gigantea spores decreased with time. During mechanized stump treatment, survival of P. gigantea was not significantly lower, neither after the suspension had passed through the stump treatment device nor after 7 h time, compared with a fresh control suspension. Thus, mechanized application under normal summer conditions in Sweden did not obstruct the spore germination of P. gigantea in this study.