Effects of Packaging Method on Salt-Cured Cod Yield and Quality During Storage

Different packaging conditions of salt-cured cod fillets were studied during 2-years chilled storage. Yield and quality of salt-cured Atlantic cod fillets packed in sealed polystyrene boxes or in traditional cardboard boxes were compared. After 4 months, yield decreased by approximately 10% and decreased further when packed in cardboard boxes. Lipid oxidation was low after 12 months, and no microbiological spoilage was registered. The total amount of bacteria in the fish reduced with storage time, independent of packaging. The reddish color of halophilic bacteria was detected after 7–8 weeks at 18°C, but not if packed with MAP.     

Use of a cyclic high-pressure sodium lamp to inhibit flowering of chrysanthemum and velvet sage

Photoperiod is commonly controlled in the commercial production of ornamental crops to induce or prevent flowering. Flower induction in short-day (SD) plants can be prevented or delayed when the natural daylength is short by providing low-intensity lighting during the dark period. A stationary high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamp with an oscillating aluminum parabolic reflector (cyclic HPS) has been developed to provide intermittent lighting to greenhouse crops. We determined the efficacy of a cyclic HPS lamp at preventing flowering in SD plants garden chrysanthemum [Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitam.] ‘Bianca’, pot chrysanthemum ‘Auburn’, and velvet sage (Salvia leucantha L.) relative to traditional night interruption (NI) lighting strategies. Plants were grown in a glass-glazed greenhouse at a mean daily temperature of 19.5–20.7 °C with natural SD photoperiods. NI lighting was delivered during the middle of the night (2230–0230 h) from a 600 W cyclic HPS lamp mounted at one gable end of the greenhouse or from incandescent (INC) lamps that were illuminated for the entire 4 h (CONT INC) or for 6 min every 30 min for 4 h. Plants under cyclic HPS were grown at lateral distances of 1, 4, 7, 10, or 13 m from under the lamp. Control plants were grown under an uninterrupted 15 h skotoperiod. As the distance from the cyclic HPS lamp increased from 1 to 13 m, the maximum irradiance measured during the NI decreased from 25.4 to 0.3 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ and time to visible inflorescence (VI) and the number of nodes at VI decreased. All species had a VI within 54 d, but ≤10% of plants flowered when grown at a lateral distance of 1 or 4 m from the cyclic HPS lamp or under CONT INC. Plants grown without NI had a VI 2 to 15 d earlier and flowered 7 to 24 d earlier than plants grown at 10 or 13 m from the cyclic HPS. All garden chrysanthemums flowered under cyclic INC, whereas velvet sage and pot chrysanthemum had 15% and 35% flowering, respectively. These results indicate that a cyclic HPS lamp can be used effectively to delay flower induction and prevent flowering in these species when NI is delivered at ≥2.4 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹.     

药剂结合低温贮藏对青花菜品质的影响

研究了0℃包装贮藏条件下,化学药剂处理对单花球青花菜品质的影响.研究结果表明,赤霉素(GA3)、苯甲酸钠(SBN)、6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA):均能延缓青花菜的品质下降,其中以40 mg/kg 6-BA+0.2%SBN处理的效果最好,在药后30 d时,叶绿素含量仅下降9.8%,未表现出黄化,失水率仅为2.25%,花球形态紧密充盈,保持了较好的商品性.     

虾夷扇贝精子的主要生理特性与低温保存

试验结果表明,虾夷扇贝精子的最适盐度为23.2～32,最适pH 7.0～8.5.4℃,未稀释精液样品保存5 d后,精子仍有(26±4)%的活力,而经海水稀释后的精液保存70 h后,最高活力仅为(11±1.41)%,用抗冻液稀释的精液,4℃保存5 h后,得到最高的精子活力仅为(24.7±4.16)%.添加抗冻剂后,-18℃的保存效果明显低于4℃保存的未稀释样品.用4℃保存的未稀释精液与栉孔扇贝卵子进行杂交试验,保存3 d内的精子获得的授精率与对照组差异不显著(P0.05).杂交组的幼虫可以正常发育至D形幼虫,与自交组无区别.     

一种采用无线数据传输方式的储粮仓群测温系统

基于无线收发芯片和1-Wire总线数字温度传感器,实现了可进行无线数据传输的大型储粮仓群温度监测系统。该系统包括主机和信号采集分机,主机负责管理每个粮仓的温度信号采集分机,定时或根据操作者指令向分机发出数据传输指令,各个粮仓分机根据收到的指令进行温度数据的传输。该系统在继承了全数字粮仓测温系统硬件结构简单、安装及维修方便等优点的基础上,实现了测温数据的无线传输,适于在大型分散式储粮仓群以及不便于布线的粮库中应用。     

Interactions between fishing strategies of Nephrops trawlers in the Bay of Biscay and Norway lobster diel activity patterns

Abstract  Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus (L.), in the Bay of Biscay exhibited diel activity patterns with more individuals outside their burrows at dawn and dusk, increasing catchability at these times. Data from an on board observer programme on Nephrops trawlers between 2002 and 2005 were used to assess variability in catchability in commercial catches. Catch numbers per haul varied spatially and between months, but no signal for diel variations was found. Fishing strategies developed by the Nephrops trawlers had several components. On a seasonal level, they started around sunrise. On a haul level, haul duration decreased from haul to haul, with the longest hauls taking place at the time of the highest catchability. By-catch of hake, Merluccius merluccius (L.), increased more than proportionally with haul duration.     

果蜡处理对低温贮藏下采后菠萝果实激素的影响

以菠萝品种‘巴厘’的果实为试材,研究果蜡处理对低温贮藏下采后菠萝激素的影响,结果表明：果蜡处理降低了冷藏菠萝果实脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA)和玉米素(ZR)含量,增加了吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量,并且ABA 和GA含量均与冷害指数极显著相关(P＜0.01),相关系数分别是0.879和0.909。表明低温胁迫下采后菠萝的ABA和GA与抗冷性密切相关,果蜡处理降低了ABA和GA含量,从而提高菠萝抗冷性。     

荔枝果实复合保鲜剂的筛选及其常温保鲜效果的研究

为了筛选出有利于荔枝贮藏的复合保鲜剂,以‘井岗红糯’荔枝果实为试验材料,通过正交试验研究了不同浓度的油菜素内酯（brassinolide, BL）和曲酸（kojic acid, KA）配比对采后荔枝果实的保鲜效果。结果表明,在25 ℃贮藏条件下,对荔枝果实的最佳保鲜配方为：油菜素内酯40 μmol/L、曲酸35 mmol/L,浸泡时间为3 min,该复合保鲜剂配方能较好地抑制荔枝果实褐变和腐烂,降低果皮相对电导率、果皮pH和果皮丙二醛（malonaldehyde, MDA）含量,延缓果肉总可溶性固形物（total soluble solids, TSS）和维生素C（vitamin C, VC）含量的下降,维持较高的果皮色度L ^*值、a ^*值、C ^*值和花色苷含量,抑制了多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase, PPO）、过氧化物酶（peroxidase, POD）及漆酶（laccase, Lac）的活性。     

新疆棉花超高产光合生理基础研究

1996～ 1999年对新疆棉花超高产 (皮棉 2 2 50kg·hm-2 以上 )光合性能研究结果表明 ,盛铃期群体光合速率 (CAP)生育期变化为单峰型曲线 ,盛花结铃期达最大值 4 .0 5gCO2 ·m-2 h-1 ,平均值为 2 .63gCO2 ·m-2 h-1 ,盛花、结铃、吐絮期的 CAP 与生物学产量、皮棉产量呈显著正相关。盛铃期叶面积指数最大值为 3 .7～ 3 .9。一天内棉叶净光合时间长达 13 .5h,早晚比普遍棉田光合延长 2 0min左右。未发现光合午休和光饱和现象。高产棉田夜间 (2 1:2 0 )呼吸速率最大值为 4 .33mgCO2 ·dm-2 h-1 ,平均值为 3 .0 0mgCO2 ·dm-2 h-1 ,分别比普通棉田低2 2 %和 17.6 % ,扣除呼吸消耗 ,净光合比普通棉田高 58.4 %。其呼吸消耗占白天总光合的 8.4 %。低于普通棉田 15.5 % ,也低于内地棉区 12 %～ 2 0 %。新疆高产棉田群体的库容量增加 ,光合产物的贮备能力强 ,生物学产量高达 1.14× 10 4～ 1.44× 10 4kg·hm-2 ,有效铃 (5g以上 )高达 12 0×10 4个·hm-2 ,经济系数 41.52 %～ 44 .1% ;单位叶面积的果节数、有效铃、生殖器官干重分别为10 4～ 137个·m-2 ,32～ 49个·m-2 ,0 .2 30 3～0 .3361kg·m-2 。源强库大 ,源库协调是新疆棉花高产的生理基础。     

冷冲击处理对贮藏期间银杏硬化的影响

以南雄产银杏（ＧｉｎｋｇｏｂｉｌｏｂａＬ．）为材料,以０℃的冰水混合物为冷却介质,研究了不同冷冲击处理（１ｈ,２ｈ,３ｈ,４ｈ）对贮藏期间银杏硬化的影响结果表明,冷冲击处理能显著地控制白果的硬化,硬化率随处理时间的延长而降低