退耕还林地经济林发展问题探讨

阐述目前退耕还林工程退耕地还经济林发展现状,分析退耕地经济林发展中存在的主要问题与原因,提出对策建议。     

高等级公路植被护坡工程技术发展初探

依据恢复生态学原理,在探讨植被护坡技术现状的基础上,对高等级公路植被护坡工程技术中的生物治理和工程治理进行分析,提出了植被护坡工程设计原则、技术发展趋势和建议.     

填沙路基边坡不同植物群落生态防护效应与生长动态变化分析

高速公路边坡是高速公路生态最脆弱的部分,其防护和绿化是公路生态建设的重点。研究针对填沙路基边坡,对不同植物群落生态防护效应进行了探讨,同时分析了不同植物群落覆盖度、地上生物量、灌木生长速率的生长动态变化,最后提出了进一步研究中应注意的问题。     

杉檫混交根系效应的研究

In this paper,the root system and their associated effect of mixed forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Sassafras tsumu at eight-year-old were investigated and analyzed.The results showed that Sassafras tsumu might play a important role in improving the root system of Cunninghamia lanceolata growth due to the single root weight of Cunninghamia lanceolata in mixed forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Sassafras tsumu was evidently more than that of Cunninghamia lanceolata in pure forest,and that there were different mixed effects in mixed forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Sassafra tsumu in different slope situation,which meant that the associated effect was better in higher slope situation than in lower slope situation,and which reflected in the effect of Sassafra tsumu to the height and D.B.H.growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata.This Study indicated that the associated effect was positively related to the effect of roots system.     

高速公路坡面防护草种选择和应用技术研究

根据试验及调查结果，分析研究了护坡草皮生长及水土保持效果的评价指标，分析评价了不同草种，选用不同的种植方法，在不同季节种植的生长状况和水土保持效果，并根据防护效果和不同的工程造价，确立适宜于我省或相近气候区域内公路坡面防护的优良草种及其种植方法。     

Stand structure and the regeneration ofChamaecyparis pisifera (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl. on sites with different soil development in an old-growth coniferous forest, central Japan

Stand structure and the regeneration ofChamaecyparis pisifera on sites with and without well-developed soil in an old-growth coniferous forest, Akasawa Forest Reserve, central Japan, were investigated, along with their relationships to other important coniferous species. Of stems ofC. pisifera≥5 cm diameter at breast height, stems with intermediate size were absent in stands on the developed-soil site, while those with smaller size increased in stands on the undeveloped-soil site, which supported a higher density ofC. pisifera. In the stands without recent tree-fall of canopy stems on the developed-soil site, canopy stems ofC. pisifera were distributed uniformly and the understory stems, patchily. On the other hand, both canopy and understory stems ofC. pisifera in stands on the undeveloped-soil site were distributed patchily. In the understory,C. pisifera occurred as clonal patches formed by vegetative reproduction on various types of microsites including bare rocks. However, the clonal patches did not occur in a stand on the developed-soil site with dense saplings of an evergreen conifer,Thujopsis dolabrata, which can expand vegetatively with a well developed soil layer. Gap formation may induceC. pisifera to develop tree-form stems from shrubby clonal patches. On developed-soil sites,C. pisifera stands that survive a long disturbance-free period on this site need catastrophic disturbance for their regeneration, which will eliminateT. dolabrata in the understory and create bare soil for colonization ofC. pisifera from seeds. On undeveloped-soil sites,C. pisifera replaces itself continuously by effective vegetative reproduction. Ground instability and the wet condition of this site may promote the replacement.     

贺兰山西坡鼠种内脏重量与海拔梯度关系研究

采用铗日法对贺兰山西坡鼠类的内脏重量与海拔梯度关系情况进行了细致研究。选取8条典型沟道为样线,共布设有效铗日18 748个,捕获鼠类235只。阿拉善黄鼠和大林姬鼠在所有海拔梯度均有分布,其次是社鼠、灰仓鼠和短尾仓鼠,海拔分布范围最小的是高山鼠兔和东方田鼠。阿拉善黄鼠的肺脏和肾脏重量高海拔重量远高于低海拔重量,显示出了其对外界环境的超强适应能力。     

高温高盐碱干旱地区高填方高速公路边坡土壤改良及植草研究

针对巴基斯坦高温干旱的自然条件及高填方高速公路边坡土壤高盐碱、贫瘠、板结等特点,通过添加有机质(甘蔗渣、河泥)、腐殖酸、脱硫石膏等改善土壤理化性质,并通过实地调查,选择适宜该地栽培的草本种类及种植方式进行边坡植草。结果表明:在土壤中加入甘蔗渣和河泥可以有效的改善土壤板结情况,最佳施用比例为50%原状土+20%甘蔗渣+30%河泥;在土壤中加入腐殖酸和脱硫石膏可有效的降低土壤pH值,降低土壤盐碱度,最佳配比为0.5kg/m^2腐殖酸+8kg/m^2脱硫石膏;在土壤中加入磷酸二铵可有效的增加土壤中氮磷含量,最佳添加量为22.5g/m^2。通过沿线物种调查,优选出高抗性本地品种狗牙根,并通过对比试验得出最佳种植方式为条植。该研究对于巴基斯坦高填方公路边坡绿化防护具有积极的现实意义及广阔的推广前景。     

近15年中国岩溶地区石漠化土地动态变化研究

以三次石漠化监测成果数据为基础,按省、流域、土地利用类型、岩溶地貌剖析了石漠化土地及程度的三期变化状况,并总结了石漠化土地动态变化的空间分布、社会经济关系、程度与面积状况、缩减率、工程试点县等方面的相应特点,为下阶段石漠化防治提供科学依据。     

PEG和钙离子处理对全缘火棘种子萌发的影响

作为用于防治喀斯特地区石漠化的植物物种,在其种子萌发阶段就必须具有较强的适应干旱和富钙土壤的能力。本文研究了喀斯特地区乡土植物全缘火棘种子萌发过程中对干旱和钙离子的耐受能力,用不同水势的PEG6000溶液和不同浓度的CaCl2溶液分别模拟干旱和富钙土壤环境。结果表明,全缘火棘种子萌发对干旱和钙均具有很强的耐受能力,其耐旱能力强于很多其他喀斯特地区乡土植物的种子,甚至强于一些荒漠植物的种子;其对钙离子的耐受能力也明显强于与其在形态和生态特性上非常相似的同属植物火棘的种子。这或许反映了其对喀斯特地区频发干旱并富钙土壤环境的适应,同时也意味着其具有防治喀斯特地区石漠化的巨大潜力。