东海区海洋渔业资源近况浅析

根据渔获产量统计和鱼类生物学资料对东海区海洋渔业资源动态作了分析。结果表明：近几年东海区海洋渔业捕捞产量虽连年增长，但主要是靠大幅度提高捕捞强度等措施获得。渔获物中增加的主要是经济鱼类的幼鱼和低值小杂鱼类，渔获物小型化、低龄化等过度捕捞现象仍然十分严重。渔业资源结构日趋恶化，渔业资源状况并没有明显改善。     

广西超级稻研究应用现状与展望

回顾广西超级稻新品种(组合)选育、推广应用等方面的主要研究进展,对广西本土的超级稻品种(组合)桂两优2号、特优582、特优269的选育进行详细介绍,指出广西超级稻发展存在的超高产理论和配套栽培技术研究相对较少、育种和销售脱节、超高产潜力没有得到充分发挥等主要问题,并对今后广西超级稻的研究与应用提出对策建议.     

云南省核桃产业发展现状及对策分析

核桃产业是云南省高原特色现代农业的重点产业和脱贫攻坚的支撑产业。分析云南省核桃产业发展现状,结果表明:云南省核桃产业发展较快,但存在粗放式经营管理,资金和技术投入不足,市场销售、质量标准和社会化服务体系不完善,深加工能力不足等诸多问题。在此基础上提出向集约化经营管理转变,加大资金与技术投入,完善云南省核桃地方标准体系,加强市场销售网络体系建设,加大核桃加工龙头企业扶持力度,建立健全社会化服务体系等核桃产业发展对策。     

Effect of ruminal dosing of mechanical stimulating brush on rumination time, ruminal passage rate and rumen fermentation status in Holstein steers fed a concentrate diet

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of ruminal dosing of a mechanical stimulating brush on rumination time, ruminal passage rate and rumen fermentation status in steers fed a concentrate diet at maintenance level. Animals were dosed three Rumen Faibu (RF) per head through the rumen fistulae (RF treatment) and not dosed (control) in a change‐over design. The organic cell wall content of the concentrate diet was 12.7% of dry matter. Daily time spent on rumination was very short in both treatments with 24 min in RF treatment and 15 min in control. The turnover rate of ruminal fluid in RF treatment was higher than that in control. There were no differences in ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid concentration between RF treatment and control. Acetic and butyric acid concentrations were not different between the treatments. Propionic acid concentration tended to be higher in the animals on RF treatment than in control animals. The RF dosing in Holstein steers fed a low fiber diet did not affect the rumination time, but increased rumen digesta passage rate and ruminal propionic acid production.     

Polyphenols in Eucalyptus leaves improved the egg and meat qualities and protected against ethanol‐induced oxidative damage in laying hens

Polyphenols in Eucalyptus leaves (PE) were value resources due to various pharmacological activities, but data on the effect on laying hens are very scare. This study was conducted to determine the effect of PE on the laying performance, egg traits, meat quality, antioxidant status and liver tissues of laying hens. One hundred and twenty 256‐day‐old Yueqinhuang laying hens were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (different levels of PE at 0, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg diet) for 63 days with 15 replicates per group. Addition of 0.8 g/kg PE not only improved the egg trait by increasing the eggshell thickness and decreasing MDA production and cholesterol content in the egg yolk, but also significantly enhanced meat quality of hens, as suggested by the increase pH_45 min (p < .01) and a* value, and decrease drip loss rate (p < .01). Meanwhile, under acute ethanol‐induced oxidative damage condition, supplementation of 0.8 g/kg PE enhanced the serum antioxidant status by increasing enzymatic activities (GSH‐PX, T‐SOD, T‐AOC), inhibited oxidative damage and provided protective effect to liver tissue. In conclusion, addition of 0.8 g/kg PE not only improved the egg traits and meat quality without obvious adverse effects, but also increased the serum antioxidant status of the hens and protected their liver tissue from ethanol‐induced oxidative damage. This study indicated that PE could be utilized as an effective feed additive for laying hens to improve health performance and egg traits.     

Comparative Study on Growth Performance of Transgenic(Over-Expressed OsNHX1) and Wild-Type Nipponbare under Different Salinity Regimes

Transgenic Nipponbare which over-expressed a Na+/H+ antiporter gene OsNHX1 was used to compare its growth performance, water status and photosynthetic efficiency with its wild type under varying salinity regimes. Chlorophyll content, quantum yield and photosynthetic rate were measured to assess the impact of salinity stress on photosynthetic efficiency for transgenic and wild-type Nipponbare. Effects of salinity on water status and gas exchange to both lines were studied by measuring water use efficiency, instantaneous transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. Dry shoot weight and leaf area were determined after three months of growth to assess the impacts of salinity on the growth of those two lines. Our study showed that both lines were affected by salinity stress, however, the transgenic line showed higher photosynthetic efficiency, better utilization of water, and better growth due to low transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. Reduction of photosynthetic efficiency exhibited by the wild-type Nipponbare was correlated to its poor growth under salinity stress.     

我国农产品加工业的现状及发展方向

近年来,我国农产品加工业取得了持续、稳定和快速的发展,但与发达国家相比,发展水平仍较低。介绍我国农产品加工业的发展现状,分析制约我国农产品加工业发展的主要因素,并探讨了我国农产品加工业的发展方向。     

基于WebGIS的农业状况管理信息系统研究

分析了WebGIS和农业状况信息的特点，并提出了基于WebGIS的农业状况管理信息系统的设计方案。     

农机安全生产管理现状分析

原平市是山西省的农机大县之一,大中型拖拉机、联合收割机作为农业机械主要的动力机械,是危及人身安全的主要农业机械,也是各级农机监理机关监督管理的重点对象。农机安全形势十分严峻,分析产生的原因,该采取哪些对应措施,切实保障农业机械的安全生产。