农业机械维修制度辅助决策专家系统

采用了定量分析与定性分析相结合的方法，建立了农业机械维修制度辅助决策专家系统。该系统借鉴了专家系统的构想，将专家系统技术、数据库技术与农业机械维修管理融为一体，实现了适用维修制度的优化决策。并以拖拉机为具体实例，完成了整个系统的设计与实现。     

考虑桩土共同工作的桩基承台梁内力分析

针对梁下土体和基桩刚度对承台梁内力的影响进行研究，采用分层荷载传递法进行基桩刚度计算，建立起考虑桩土共同工作的承台梁内力计算理论，就理论与实际的差异，提出用水平割线法对基底反力进行调整，并以纽玛克数值计算法为计算基础开发出相应的计算软件。     

城市近郊蔬菜基地环境影响评价

阐述了在我国开展蔬菜基地建设项目环境影响评价工作的必要性;选择蔬菜基地的选址规划、指标体系建立、环境污染预测、生态影响分析以及效益分析等几个环境影响评价重点专题,就城市近郊蔬菜基地的环境影响评价工作开展进行了探讨。     

Effects of nitrogen rate and ratio of base fertilizer and topdressing on uptake, translocation of nitrogen and yield in wheat

Application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is one of the most important measures to increase grain yield and protein content in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. However, misuse of N Tertilizer will not only affect gram yield and quality, but also cause the decline of economic benefits and related negative environmental effects. It is essential to study reasonable N application regimes for profitable yields, efficient N utilization and reduction in possible environmental pollution. The objective of this study was to determine the N uptake and translocation in wheat plants by using ¹⁵N isotope tracers in PVC cylinders (2.05 m long, ϕ 0.2 m, without bottom) in seven treatments: without N fertilizer application (N0); N application rate of 168 kg/hm² (0.527 g/pot), with ratios of base fertilizer to topdressing of 1:1 (N1), 1:2 (N2) and 0:1 (N3); N application rate of 240 kg/hm² (0.753 g/pot), with ratios of base fertilizer to topdressing of 1:1 (N4), 1:2 (N5) and 0:1 (N6). The ¹⁵N tracer experiment showed that the main basal N absorbed by plant from sowing to jointing stage accounted for 78.04%–89.67%; fertilizer N use efficiency (FNUE, N fertilizer accumulation in plant/N supplied) of topdressing was significantly higher than that of basal N; reducing basal N amount and increasing topdressing N amount could appropriately promote the plant’s absorption of more N fertilizer and enhance FNUE, of which treatment N2 had the highest values. Under the high-yield condition, when N fertilizer rate was increased from 168 to 240 kg/hm², there were no significant differences in the amount of N accumulation in plants and in grains between treatments with the same ratio of base fertilizer to topdressing; by reducing basal N amount and increasing topdressing N amount accordingly, the translocation efficiency (TE, accumulation amount from vegetative organs to gram/N accumulation in vegetative organs during anthesis) increased, and the amount of N assimilation to grains after anthesis and its contribution proportion (the amount of N assimilation to grains after anthesis/N accumulation in grain) also increased. In other words, grain N accumulation amount increased with increasing amount of topdressing N at the same N fertilizer rate. There were no significant differences among treatments N2, N3, N5 and N6 in grain N accumulation. Appropriate N fertilizer rate with a reduction in basal N amount and an increase in topdressing N amount such as in N2, N5 and N6 increased grain yield and protein content. In conclusion, under conditions used in this experiment, as far as grain yield, protein content and FNUE are concerned, the recommended appropriate N fertilizer application regime is treatment N2, with a N fertilizer rate of 168 kg/hm² and a ratio of base fertilizer to topdressing of 1:2. Translated from Journal of Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2006, 32(12): 1860–1866 [译自: 作物学报]     

化学调控对稻米品质的影响研究现状及展望

就稻米品质形成的生理生化基础及化学调控在水稻生产中的应用现状进行了综述,重点剖析了化学调控剂对碳氮代谢及其相关酶活性、光合作用、干物质运转、籽粒灌浆的调节作用,在分析了目前稻米品质化学调控研究中存在的问题同时,提出了应用系统的观点,从光合生产、籽粒灌浆及相关酶系统特性、物质运转等水稻生产的“源库流”三方面入手,开展化学调控剂对米质作用机理研究,将有可能从根本上揭示米质品质形成规律。同时指出在研究实践中,抓住品质主要制约因素,利用激素间的协同与拮抗作用,开展化学调控剂的复配,将有望改善稻米品质的多个性状指标。     

森林截留降水酸度及其对林下土壤的影响

通过一年的定点对比监测表明，树干茎流的酸度明显地高于林外雨和林内雨的酸度，高污染源较近的西芹监测场的降水酸度普遍比污染源较远的福建林学院监测场的高．降水酸度影响了林下土壤的性质．林下土壤交换性酸度随降水酸度的提高而增加，而土壤交换性盐基离子浓度和Ｃａ２＋／Ａｌ３＋则相应下降，土壤有效磷的含量也略有下降．     

陕西省玉米杂交种种质基础分析

对1984年～1993年陕西省种植面积在0.67万hm~2以上的玉米杂交种种质基础进行了分析,结果表明:陕西省玉米杂交种的生产已基本达到单交种化;生产上使用的杂交种比较集中,省外系和国外系组成的杂交种面积较大;玉米杂交种亲本系利用更趋集中,种质基础狭窄;玉米自交系主要采用以窄基为主的选育方式;种质杂交模式主要是美国的瑞德黄马牙、兰卡斯特分别和中国的唐山四平头、旅大红骨的杂交形式。     

长江中游平原及江淮地区农业资源优势与综合农业基地建设

长江中游平原及江淮地区是我国八大综合农业区之一，农牧渔各业生产在全国有举足轻重的地位。文章在分析本区农业资源优势和存在问题的基础上，提出了长江中游平原应加强以防洪为重点的水利建设，努力实现平衡增产和优质高产，巩固提高全国性的粮、棉、肉、鱼商品生产基地；江淮地区应加强水土治理和山丘、水面、滩涂资源的开发，以粮棉油为重点，积极发展畜禽、水产、蚕桑和乡镇企业。     

森林腐殖土防治落叶松幼苗立枯病

森林腐殖土含有大量的菌根菌,用于苗圃有利于苗木生长发育和抑制幼苗立枯病病菌。1982～1984年在辽阳县国营苗圃的试验表明,每平方米苗床施用10千克腐殖土,落叶松幼苗菌根真菌感染率达100％与未施腐殖土及施药剂比较,立枯病发病率分别由原来的95.6％(生(?)和80.5％下降到10～16.5％,并且苗高、地径、根系等均有显著提高。因此,施用腐殖土是防治立枯病,改善生态环境和提高苗木生产率的有效办法。     

白粉菌分属鉴定计算机系统

在建立白粉菌性状数据库基础上,提出了真菌分类鉴定微机系统模式,采用多种比较判断标准进行鉴定,在一定概率(用户指定,一般选85%)下产生鉴定结论。克服了计算机呆板比较的致命弱点。系统具有完善的检索、查询和统计分析等多种辅助功能。为用户提供有关分类鉴定的信息、分析鉴定结果.系统在 Foxbase 或 dBASE 下运行。程序结构模块化,便于进行修改、提高系统质量和实用化程度.本文提出的权重值优化途径在计算机数值分类中具有普遍实用价值.