Information dissemination and communication in stakeholder participation: the Bohol-Cebu water supply project

Development theories in the 1990s embrace a much more people-centred perspective than in previous decades. At the same time, foreign direct investment is increasingly being touted as a new form of development assistance, and transnational corporations as new aid agents. However, the ideology of the free market is incongruous with the people-centredness of contemporary development theory. The result is a polarisation between participatory development and market driven paradigms. This study introduced the models of instrumental and transformative participation and the way they influence information flow and communication. These models are used to examine a project proponent’s and stakeholder’s actions in a privatised development setting, using a Philippine case study. The case study is the Bohol-Cebu water supply project, a project of water capture, treatment, and transmission, linking the islands of Bohol and Cebu. Communication and information dissemination between the project proponent and stakeholders is viewed under the requirements of Philippine legislation for participation in development. The findings from this research suggest that the proponent tended to exclude or only partially include affected stakeholders in the development process. Sources of information were often nongovernmental organisations, the Church, and, in many instances, the media. The proponent’s method of disseminating information was primarily to target the municipal or provincial government level, thus disenfranchising the ‘grass roots’     

谈高黎贡山自然保护区的参与式管理

位于云南省西部中缅边境的高黎贡山国家级自然保护区 ,总面积 4 0 5 5 4 9hm2 ,具有丰富的生物多样性、文化多样性以及重要的生态意义 ,但在管理实践中存在着诸多问题。为此 ,管理局在改进保护区管理方法和途径方面进行了探索 ,并取得了一些成效 ,对利益群体共同参与保护区管理以及完善管理机制等方面提出了建议。     

市场结构与企业资本结构的互动关系

最近几年，一种新的研究资本结构市场结构关系的理论引起了世人的关注。该理论将现代财务理论、产品市场和企业战略行为理论联系起来。财务杠杆会改变权益回报率，由此 影响产品市场策略的均衡。由于融资工具可以改变剩余现金流的所有权和公司在市场中 投资或反映的能力，所以资本结构可以影响行业产品市场。这些改变会影响竞争者对一个 公司的潜在行为的信心和预期。反之，有远见的企业将预测财务决策对产品市场的影响， 因此，产品市场条件会影响财务决策。这样，两者之间就表现为一种相互作用。本文的主要 目的是研究这种相互作用，从一个新的角度诠释公司治理这一理念。     

利益相关者对塔里木河下游荒漠河岸林生态系统服务的认知度分析

近50年以来,塔里木河下游生态环境曾因人类不合理开发利用而导致严重退化。自2000至2013年实施的人工生态输水工程对胡杨为主体的荒漠河岸林的恢复及其生态系统服务功能的提高产生了积极影响。通过问卷调查的方法分析了利益相关者对塔里木河下游荒漠河岸林生态系统服务的认知程度。结果表明:88.1%的被调查者对荒漠河岸林生态系统服务有深刻的认识,7.8%的人不清楚;84%的被调查者认为荒漠河岸林在防止沙(荒)漠化方面的效益最高,仅有8.1%被调查者认为提供建筑材料和动物饲料等方面效益最高;被调查者对人工输水后生态环境变化的感知度依次为:灰尘和沙尘暴减弱沙(荒)漠化减少胡杨长势改善胡杨幼树增多河岸林面积增加;被调查者对人工输水的支付意愿有所差异,其中15.1%的人对其态度模糊,7.8%的人不愿意支付,有36%的被调查者愿意支付工资的1%,15.4%的被调查者愿意支付工资的1%,12%的人愿意支付工资的2%,3.8%的人愿意支付工资的3%,7.9%的人愿意支付工资的3%。问卷调查的结果表明,被调查者对塔里木河下游荒漠河岸林生态系统服务的认知度和支持率相当高,体现出生态输水的社会效益显著。     

Handling Sediments in Dutch River Management: The Planning Stage of the Maaswerken River Widening Project

Background, Aim and Scope   Faced with higher peak discharges in the foreseeable future, the Dutch government has decided to increase the discharge capacities of the Dutch Rhine and Meuse rivers. Instead of raising the dikes, river widening measures are to be undertaken, in and along the riverbed. Such measures include surface level lowering along the rivers, channel deepening, the addition of high-discharge channels and the removal of hydraulic obstacles. To cover or reduce the costs of river widening, a coupling with aggregates (sand and/or gravel) extraction has been considered. Although the rationale of this concept is basically sound, it has met with considerable resistance, especially along the southernmost stretch of the Dutch Meuse River, in the Maaswerken project area. Main Features: The Dutch river widening projects are quite unique in size and occurrence, and the number of publicly documented case histories available for the planning of such works is inevitably few. We review the planning and decision-making process for the Maaswerken project, which is in a more advanced stage than that of the corresponding project for the Rhine. Sediment handling and aggregates extraction are focused on, which are key issues to this case. Results: - Discussion: In the study area, there is a conflict of interests between the extractive industry and the local communities. The industry faces a policy of phasing out mineral extraction; river widening presents the last significant prospects in the area. The general public, however, has come to resent mineral extraction because of its historical impacts. Aiming at a manageable process, the Maaswerken project management kept most stakeholders in a basically reactive position: the general public was kept informed and enabled to submit formal reactions to draft planning decisions. Aggregate extraction plans and extraction volumes were only discussed with the industry. Despite not being represented, the public influenced this negotiation process by expressing dissatisfaction with interim outcomes through the media and political channels. Plans had to be reconsidered, and this closed process turned out to be only seemingly efficient. Conclusions: The level of public concern regarding the Maaswerken project suggests that the overall level of stakeholder involvement may have been insufficient, even though it complied with pertinent environmental and planning legislation. A participation deficit seems to have mainly occurred when defining the project's preconditions: a predefined, controversial role for the extractive industry was implicit in self-financed river widening. As planning and decision making in large projects such as the Maaswerken are prone to be affected by a negative public opinion, it is recommended that social feasibility is assessed and addressed at the very outset. Perspectives: -     

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF THE SLOPING LAND CONVERSION PROGRAMME ON RURAL SUSTAINABILITY IN GUYUAN,WESTERN CHINA

The goal of China's sloping land conversion programme (SLCP) is to combat soil erosion and to reduce rural poverty. An ex‐ante assessment of possible SLCP impacts was conducted with a focus on rural sustainability, taking the drought‐prone region of Guyuan in Western China as an example. The Framework for Participatory Impact Assessment (FoPIA) was used to conduct two complementary impact assessments, one assessing SLCP impacts at regional level and a second one assessing alternative forest management options, to explore possible trade‐offs among the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainability. Regional stakeholders assessed the SLCP to be capable of reducing soil erosion but felt it negatively affected rural employment, and a further continuation of the Programme was advocated. Assessment of three forest management scenarios by scientists showed that an orientation towards energy forests is potentially beneficial to all three sustainability dimensions. Ecological forests had disproportionate positive impacts on environmental functions and adverse impact on the other two sustainability dimensions. Economic forests were assessed to serve primarily the economic and social sustainability dimensions, while environmental impacts were still tolerable. The FoPIA results were evaluated against the available literature on the SLCP. Overall, the assessment results appeared to be reasonable, but the results of the regional stakeholders appeared to be too optimistic compared with the more critical assessment of the scientists. The SLCP seems to have the potential to tackle soil erosion but requires integrated forest management to minimize the risk of water stress while contributing to economic and social benefits in Guyuan. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

上市公司社会责任信息披露的影响因素研究——基于合法性视角

基于合法性视角,采用2009~2011年润灵环球公布社会责任评级报告的A股上市公司作为研究样本,通过选取利益相关者合法性压力的代理变量,对我国上市公司社会责任信息披露的影响因素进行了实证研究,研究发现：国有企业或政治关联企业的社会责任信息披露指数较高;随着企业规模扩大和媒体关注度的提高,企业的社会责任信息披露指数显著增加;环境敏感型或消费者敏感型行业比其他行业的企业披露的社会责任信息指数要高。     

乡村景观保护的利益相关关系辨析

中国的乡村景观分布广泛且类型多样,极具保护价值,但目前的保护行动却缺乏系统性和整体性。基于米歇尔的利益相关者评分法,对乡村景观保护的利益相关者进行识别和分类,分析乡村景观保护的过程,探讨其利益相关者的利益诉求及其利益相关关系。结果表明,政府、当地居民、投资开发商、研究机构和专家、媒体、非政府组织、社会公众及消费者、规划设计机构、当地农林企业、文化遗产传承人、宗教团体和生态环境是乡村景观保护的利益相关者,并分为确定型、预期型和潜在型3个类别。乡村景观保护过程可分为调查与录入、决策和实施3个阶段,各阶段的目标和任务不同,利益相关者的利益诉求不断变化,其间的利益相关关系也存在很大差异。因此,政府应当成为乡村景观保护的绝对主体;坚持村落与环境整体保护原则,建立乡村景观保护区;促进保护过程中各利益相关者之间的协调合作;加强对利益相关者行为的规范和监控;完善主要利益相关者共同治理的制度化管理措施。     

农机合作社精益化运营驱动因素研究

针对目前农机合作社运营管理粗放,人力、物力资源浪费严重问题,引入精益管理,创新农机合作社运营管理模式。从政府、合作社、农户三个利益主体出发,识别农机合作社精益化运营驱动因素。通过实证研究对农机合作社精益化运营驱动因素进行排序和分析,得出作业绩效要求、产权制度、组织结构、政策法规和资金运作五个主要驱动因素,为农机合作社运营管理向精益化转型提供参考。