果园管道自动顺序喷雾控制系统设计

针对密植果园或成熟果园中由于果树树冠逐渐长大使果树行距变小甚至封行,增加果树喷药难度和劳动强度、危及喷雾作业人员安全等问题,设计了一种果园管道自动顺序喷雾控制系统.该系统由喷雾给药单元、自动顺序喷雾主控器和电磁阀控制节点组成.喷雾给药单元为系统提供药液,自动顺序喷雾主控制器给电磁阀控制节点提供控制信号,电磁阀控制节点控制电磁阀的开关,通过控制果园中多个电磁阀的顺序开启和关闭,实现对果树的自动顺序喷雾.运行试验结果表明,该系统可以按照设定喷雾时间对果树进行自动顺序喷雾,不需要人工进入果园喷雾.     

型孔轮式水稻排种器排种监控系统设计

针对型孔轮式水稻排种器展开了排种监控系统研究,利用红外光电传感器采集种子在输种管内的流动信息并转换输出相应的电信号,由单片机实时监测电信号的变化,实现对排种状况的监控。设计降低了播种机的漏播和重播现象,提高了播种质量和播种效率。     

苏子油对瘤胃体外发酵模式、脂肪酸组成及甲烷生成的影响

为探讨苏子油对瘤胃体外发酵的影响,采用人工瘤胃技术分析不同添加水平的苏子油对瘤胃发酵模式、发酵参数和瘤胃脂肪酸代谢的影响.结果表明:添加不同剂量苏子油对发酵液pH值和氨氮(NH3-N)含量无显著影响(P0.05);与对照相比较,随着苏子油添加量的增加干物质降解率、中性洗涤纤维降解率、酸性洗涤纤维降解率、发酵底物单位产气量显著降低(P0.05),甲烷产量呈下降趋势(P0.05);对TVFA无显著影响(P0.05),丙酸含量显著增加(P0.05),乙酸含量和乙酸丙酸比例显著降低(P0.05);C18:1、c9,t11-CLA和总的长链脂肪酸浓度均明显升高(P0.01).表明在粮中添加一定量的苏子油,可改变瘤胃发酵类型、降低甲烷产量、调节瘤胃液脂肪酸组成.     

清选装置电气控制系统设计

自行研制了纵轴流风筛式清选装置试验台,并对清选装置的电气控制系统进行了设计研究,配有扭矩仪和风速传感器等硬件设备,采用了计算机数据采集与监控系统,可实现数据的实时采集,可以对参数进行实时调节控制,控制面板简洁规范,操作简便。该设计提高了清选装置试验台的操作简便性和试验数据测量的准确性,对于指导清选装置的设计制造具有重要意义。     

一种新型振荡水柱式波浪能发电装置的设计

随着全球能源危机的加深,寻找替代传统能源的新能源成为能源发展的必由之路,针对此问题,设计了一种利用海洋波浪能发电的新型振荡水柱式发电装置。文章介绍了装置的基本组成及其结构设计,并对其工作原理和工作过程进行说明。结合海浪理论和计算原理、波浪发电系统的水动力匹配准则、波浪能转换效率理论、空气动力学等理论,分析和计算装置的能量及其转化效率。设装置在线性波浪的作用下,波浪周期为4 s,波浪高度为0.5 m,浮子边长为0.3 m,输风管道直径为0.05 m,通过理论计算,装置的整体理论效率为0.364,相比常见的波浪能发电装置,本装置具有更高的发电效率。     

新型水土流失监测装置及其应用

测钎法是一种应用广泛的水土流失监测方法,但是传统测钎法难以适应复杂监测地形,缺乏专门测读装置,还会产生较大监测误差,需要对其加以改进.以颐和园万寿山山体为研究对象,针对其山体特征和文物分布状况,选定18块监测场地,发明单钎多点式测读装置,选用改进的测钎法对水土流失进行监测.结果表明:1)18块监测场地考虑了土壤、坡度、植被等因素的差异,可以全面反映万寿山水土流失状况;2)单钎多点式测读装置有效降低了测钎埋点环境条件、测读方式等客观和主观误差,提高了测钎法水土流失监测结果的准确性;3)监测期间,万寿山平均土壤流失值在-3 mm～ +1 mm范围内.说明新型水土流失监测装置是可行的,所用水土流失监测方法和数据处理方法,可供其他类似工程借鉴与应用.     

基于土壤液化原理的荸荠采收船的研究

荸荠的生长环境特殊,收获仍旧采用传统手工挖掘,劳动效率低,劳动强度大,难以挖净,而薯类收获机械又难以适应水田荸荠的收获,通过对荸荠生长地的土壤成分分析,基于土壤液化原理,搭建了小型实验平台,对荸荠挖掘机理进行了试验模拟。提出了一套适用于水田作物荸荠机械挖掘、筛分的流程,并对挖掘原理进行了实验探究。根据实验数据分析,获得了影响荸荠收获的主要因素。研究表明利用土壤液化原理可以使砂壤土液化,为该原理用于荸荠采收提供依据,为荸荠挖掘机样机的试制提供设计参考。     

农药自动混药装置的研究现状与展望

目前,我国农作物病虫害防治主要依靠施用农药,现有的大多数农药剂型需要加水稀释,配制成一定浓度后再施用。近年,我国农业航空迅速发展,对农业航空的智能化农业机械装备的需求变得非常迫切。系统总结了农药自动混药装置类型以及农药自动混药装置特点,通过对农药自动混药装置研究发展概况分析,阐明了国内农药自动混药装置所存在的问题,展望未来农药混药装置的发展趋势,为后续的研究方向奠定基础。     

Neural network prediction of performance parameters of an inclined plate seed metering device and its reverse mapping for the determination of optimum design and operational parameters

Seed planting equipment with inclined plate seed metering devices is the most commonly used equipment for planting of peanut crop in India. For obtaining the high yield, it is very essential to drop the peanut seeds in rows maintaining accurate seed rate and seed spacing with minimum damage to seeds during metering. This mainly depends on forward speed of the planting equipment, rotary speed of the metering plate and area of cells on the plate. The relationship between these factors and the performance parameters viz., seed rate, seed spacing and percent seed damage can be established using regression analysis. But they may not be very accurate and may pose difficulty in the determination of inputs for a set of desired outputs (reverse mapping). Hence, an attempt has been made in this paper to develop the feed forward artificial neural network (ANN) models for the prediction of the performance parameters of an inclined plate seed metering device. The data were generated in the laboratory by conducting experiments on a sticky belt test stand provided with a seed metering device and an opto-electronic seed counter. The generated data was used to develop both statistical and neural network models. The performance of the developed models was compared among themselves for 4 randomly generated test cases. The results show that the ANN model predicted the performance parameters of the seed metering device better than the statistical models. In order to determine the optimum forward speed of the planting equipment, peripheral speed of the metering plate and the area of cells on the plate to obtain the recommended seed rate of 33.33 seeds/m², seed spacing of 100 mm and percent seed damage of 0.2% with 100% fill of the cells, a novel technique of reverse mapping using ANN model was followed. It was observed that the optimum forward speed of the planting equipment and optimum area of cells on the metering plate had good correlation with size of seed. Linear regression equations were developed to predict the optimum forward speed of the planting equipment and optimum area of cells on the metering plate using the size of seeds as independent parameter. The peripheral speed of the metering plate of 0.237 m/s was found to be optimum for the size of seeds in the range of 95.42-123.01 mm². However, the results need to be verified by conducting planting operation under actual field conditions.     

水处理设备的单片微机控制器

介绍了用 89C2 0 51单片机系统对水处理设备工作的控制 ,使水处理设备能全面、可靠、无人值守地工作 ,达到智能的档次 .文中描述了水处理设备控制器的软件设计和硬件设计