河南省珍贵用材树种的现状、问题与发展对策

通过阐述河南省珍贵用材树种的发展现状,分析了当前珍贵树种培育中存在的问题,提出了今后河南省发展珍贵树种的对策和建议。     

尼勒克县荒漠草地植物种类调查及分析

为了更好的保护尼勒克县荒漠草地植物资源,采用样方和植物踏查法对尼勒克县荒漠草地的植物种类进行调查研究。结果表明：尼勒克县荒漠草地有23科68属98种（亚种）植物,植物种类组成较丰富,有害植物少。藜科、菊科和禾本科为优势科,含有54种（亚种）植物;小型科和单科种类众多,单科植物有12种。按照经济类群划分,豆科植物占8.16%,禾本科植物占13.27%,藜科植物占27.55%,菊科植物占14.29%,莎草科植物占3.06%,杂类草占33.67%。按照饲用价值划分,优良占14.29%、良好占27.55%、一般占36.73%、差占16.33%、有毒占5.10%。     

Dispersal of woody plants in forest edges and hedgerows in a Southern Swedish agricultural area: the role of site and landscape structure

The distribution of woody vegetation was studied in forest edges and hedgerows in a 28 km² southern Swedish agricultural area, characterised by species-rich edge zones. The occurrence of 21 selected woody species (taxa) was related to differences in both edge structure and landscape structure. All the species studied were represented in both edge types, but a higher frequency of animal-dispersed species was found in hedgerows.Animal dispersed species were more affected by edge width and density than wind dispersed species. A higher number of wind-dispersed species were more frequent in forest edges, in hedgerows near to forest, or with a high proportion of forest within 500 m. A clear relationship was found between the number of physically connected elements in hedgerow networks and increasing frequency of occurrence for Corylus avellana, Crataegus spp., Euonymus europaeus, and Quercus robur; which indicate the ecological significance of connectedness for certain animal dispersed species. The study supports the general principle that woody species distribution and landscape structure are linked in a positive feedback loop. The results match findings from studies in other countries and are interpreted in the context of landscape processes and the ecological characteristics of woody plant species. We emphasise the importance of understanding dispersal mechanisms of woody species for the design and improvement of edge habitats in agricultural landscapes.     

Priority habitats for the conservation of large river fish in the Ganges river basin

• 1. Three classes of habitat used by groups of fish species classified as conservation and management priorities were developed for the Gerua River (also known as the Girwa River, Karnali River) in the Ganges river basin. This river is large (mean annual discharge ca 1500 m³ s^?1, up to 900 m wide), surrounded by protected lands of India and Nepal, and upstream of major diversions and river alterations.
• 2. Fish and habitat sampling was conducted at 45 sites from 2000 to 2003. Data were analysed for 2172 fish of 14 species. Species and life stages found occupying a statistically distinct subset of the river habitats were grouped to identify classes of river habitat for conservation.
• 3. Most species and life‐stage groups specialized on specific habitat conditions revealed by multivariate analyses of variance and a principal component analysis. The most numerous and diverse group (six species, 15 life stages) was associated with deep depositional habitats with sandy substrate. Two species covering three life stages were primarily oriented to erosional habitat marked by fast current velocity with pebble and cobble substrate. A third group of three species of adults and juveniles were intermediate in habitat use.
• 4. River conservation for fish faunas should maintain both erosional and depositional channel habitats with depths, substrates, and current velocity inclusive of the ranges reported. The erosional and depositional nature of the key habitats requires that rivers be maintained with flows capable of channel‐forming functions.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于图像处理与人工神经网络的小麦颗粒外观品质评价方法

综合利用计算机视觉、图像处理、人工神经网络技术,实现小麦品质评价自动化。通过比较不同背景,发现在黑色毛面纸板背景下,使用数码像机获得容易处理的小麦图像。应用分水岭算法自主开发了图像分割处理软件,分割小麦图像并识别提取出完整的小麦颗粒,针对每个小麦颗粒,计算了其12个形态学特征、12个色泽参数等图像特征参数。利用所提取的24个小麦图像特征参数,采用人工神经网络BP算法建立起小麦粒径外观品质评价模型,并应用于小麦的品质识别,取得了良好的试验结果。多次建模运算证明,该方法具有较好的稳定性,对小麦粒径外观品质评价的平均识别准确率可达93%。     

苯胺高效降解菌的筛选及其生物学特性研究

采用富集培养法从高阳印染厂排污口土壤中分离得到209株微生物,定向筛选获得2株能够高效降解苯胺的细菌(菌株Ani-4-15和菌株Ani-5-61)。这2株细菌在苯胺浓度为400mg·L-1的培养液中培养30h后,培养液中苯胺的降解率均可达到85%以上;在苯胺浓度为1000mg·L-1的培养液中培养30h后,培养液中苯胺的降解率达70%左右。通过浊度测定法对菌株Ani-4-15和Ani-5-61在苯胺选择性培养基中的生长特性进行了研究,结果表明,两菌株最佳培养时间分别为15h和18h,最适生长温度均为30℃,最适生长pH值分别为7.0和6.0,对苯胺的耐受浓度范围在100～3200mg·L-1之间。在温室条件下,通过在灭菌土中分别接入一定量的苯胺(苯胺含量分别为400、600、800和1000mg·kg-1)和苯胺降解菌(106个菌体·g-1土),48h时菌株Ani-4-15和Ani-5-61对苯胺的降解率分别高达93.4%和96.6%。通过16SrDNA序列分析法明确了两株细菌均为假单胞菌属,利用非肠道革兰氏阴性杆菌鉴定系统(API20NE)进一步鉴定到种,菌株Ani-4-15为恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida),菌株Ani-5-61为施氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri)。     

银川地区14种绿化树种的引种试验初报

以引自河南的14个绿化树种的苗木为试验材料,在银川地区进行引种试验观察．通过对苗木栽植后的成活、越冬保存、物候、生长等情况进行分析,前期的试验结果初步表明：紫叶矮樱、红叶臭椿、金枝国槐3个树种的生长表现好,其苗木的保存率高,枝条抽干率低;美国红枫、金脉连翘、金叶接骨木、美国红栌、黄瑞木、红花七叶树、北海道黄杨的枝条抽干率较高,表现一般;金边黄杨、金叶小檗、金叶连翘的保存率低,表现较差．     

3株H9亚型禽流感病毒的分离与鉴定

为了获得H9亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)流行毒株并掌握流行毒株的分子特征和致病性,采用病毒分离、血凝性试验、鸡胚半数感染量(EID50)测定、HA基因序列分析、致病性试验、交叉保护性试验等对3份临床疑似H9亚型AIV感染病料进行了研究.结果:3份临床病料样品可引起10日龄SPF鸡胚规律性死亡,3株分离毒株对1％鸡红细胞的凝...     

跌落冲击下果实动态本构模型的构建与表征

基于果实非损伤条件下的跌落冲击动力学特征,提出表征其非线性黏弹性的本构模型与模型参数识别方法。该模型包括一个非线性弹簧元件、一个线性增强黏性元件。以苹果为研究对象,进行多个高度下的跌落冲击试验,获得其发生损伤的临界跌落高度;基于临界跌落高度下的冲击试验结果,建立其跌落冲击方程,进行跌落冲击响应的数值分析与模型参数识别。结果表明,理论结果与试验值很吻合,采用本模型结合试验结果能较准确地确定类似特性果实的动态流变特征参数。研究结果为果实动态流变特性分析以及模型表征提供了一种新方法,也为进一步表征果实的黏弹塑性损伤特征提供基础。