不同稻草还田方式下土壤碳库管理指数的研究(英文)

[目的]明确稻草还田方式对双季稻田土壤肥力的影响。[方法]对不同稻草还田方式对土壤总有机碳(CTOC)、活性有机碳(CA)、矿化碳(CM)的影响进行分析,并计算各处理碳库活度(A)、碳库活度指数(AI)、碳库指数(CPI)和碳库管理指数(CPMI)。[结果]与不施肥对照相比,早晚稻两季稻草还田提高了土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳和矿化碳含量及其碳素有效率。等养分条件下,稻草还田处理的土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳及其碳素有效率均高于稻草烧灰还田和稻草不还田处理,且活性有机碳含量差异显著。土壤碳库管理指数处理间差异达显著或极显著,其大小趋势为稻草全量还田>稻草烧灰还田>稻草不还田。[结论]本研究为增加土壤活性有机碳含量以及增加土壤肥力提供了量化的理论依据。     

2CM-2型马铃薯播种机关键部件的设计

基于我国马铃薯机械化栽植发展现状,设计了2CM-2型马铃薯播种机。重点阐述了2CM-2型马铃薯播种机的整机结构和工作原理,对其关键部件进行了设计,确定了主要结构。田间性能试验结果表明:该机各方面性能指标符合马铃薯播种的农艺要求,为研究马铃薯播种机和同类机具提供了参考。     

大棚和露地栽培条件下梨果实发育特性的差异

以‘翠冠’和‘黄冠’梨为试材,分析比较了大棚和露地栽培条件下梨果实生长发育特性的差异。结果表明:大棚栽培的‘翠冠’和‘黄冠’梨果实生长发育期分别比露地栽培的长5 d和13 d,果实可溶性固形物、可溶性糖和单果质量均高于露地栽培的,且成熟果实纵横径比露地果实的大,果实细胞大小与果实大小变化一致。大棚栽培条件下,‘翠冠’和‘黄冠’果实不同发育时期的可溶性总糖、果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量均高于露地栽培的;果实总酚含量较低,仅为露地栽培的54.8%和66.4%,总抗氧化活性的变化与总酚含量一致。大棚栽培条件下‘翠冠’和‘黄冠’果实硬度分别比露地栽培的低14.9%和13.7%。而大棚栽培的‘翠冠’和‘黄冠’梨维生素C含量比露地栽培的低。表明大棚栽培条件下的梨果实品质优于露地栽培条件下的。     

磁场中Ag/TiO_2复合物光催化降解酸性红B的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2包覆纳米Ag光催化剂,利用XRD和SEM对其进行表征;在磁场中光催化剂的作用下,研究不同热处理温度、保温时间、光照时间对该催化剂降解酸性红B的影响。结果表明,在2θ=44.5°处出现了Ag的特征吸收峰,这说明TiO2和纳米Ag已经很好地结合在一起,该催化剂比纯TiO2有更好的催化活性;在热处理温度400℃时,其光催化活性最大,60 min的保温时间催化性能最佳;随着光照时间增加,酸性红B染料的降解率不断提高。     

Dynamic Finite Element Model Updating of Prestressed Concrete Continuous Girder Bridge Based on Real-Coded Accelerating Genetic Algorithm

The dynamic finite element model (FEM) of a prestressed concrete continuous girder bridge (PCCGB), named Zhangjiagang river main bridge, was established and updated based on the results of field ambient modal testing using real-coded accelerating genetic algorithm (RAGA), which objective function was defined based on frequency index and correlation coefficient index for evaluating the updated FEM. The dynamic FEM of the bridge was updated based on seven experimental modal parameters. The prediction ability of the updated FEM were evaluated based on three experimental modal parameters. The updated results and prediction ability of updated FEMs indicated that they can reflect adequately the dynamic characteristics of actual PCCGB by using the above objective function and RAGA.     

Simulation and design of the processing chamber of high-frequency electromagnetic processor

Processing chamber is an important part of high-frequency electromagnetic water processor. To determine what kind of processing chamber has better effect of antiscaling, the software, Ansoft Maxwell, which is based on the finite element method, is applied to simulate electromagnetic energy distribution in two common processing chambers. One processing chamber is set with coaxial electrodes and the other one is wrapped by spirals. The electromagnetic energy released to water and the distribution of instantaneous energy density of each chamber are compared. According to the simulation analysis, when the same electrical excitation is imposed on the same volume of water, electromagnetic energy of processing chamber with coaxial electrodes is far more than that of processing chamber wrapped by spirals. However, the electromagnetic energy of processing chamber with coaxial electrode decreases from the anode to the cathode, while the electromagnetic energy of processing chamber wrapped by spirals is distributed evenly. These analysis results can be definitely instructive to design the chamber of high-frequency electromagnetic processor.     

氟虫腈饵剂防控红火蚁的田间药效试验

以含0.05％氟虫腈为有效成分与多种天然物质配制饵剂,撒于红火蚁(SolenopsisinvatBuren)蚁巢上,药剂中的引诱剂吸引红火蚁取食,将饵剂带入巢内,并通过红火蚁在巢内交哺喂食行为将药剂传递给其它各品级个体,引起全巢红火蚁中毒死亡.结果表明,0.05％氟虫腈杀蚁饵剂对红火蚁具有良好的控制效果,药后15d开始进入防效高峰期,25～30d防效达到最佳.0.05％氟虫腈杀蚁饵剂药后30d对工蚁的防治效果达93.39％～100.00％;灭巢效果达95.84％～100.00％;药后50d,蚁群级别降低率达83.33％～100.00％,显著优于对照药剂.     

大棚与露地豇豆病虫害发生情况比较

【目的】对设施大棚与露地栽培条件下豇豆病虫害发生情况进行比较分析,为设施大棚病虫害防治及其在海南省的推广应用提供依据。【方法】2010~2011年冬季和2011年春夏季,分别进行露地与设施大棚豇豆栽培试验,调查记录不同季节大棚及露地豇豆斜纹夜蛾、豆荚螟、斑潜蝇、蓟马、叶螨、白粉病、锈病、轮纹病、煤霉病等病虫害发生情况。【结果】大棚内豇豆斜纹夜蛾、豆荚螟、斑潜蝇、蓟马等虫口数略低于露地,其中蓟马在豇豆整个生育期虫口数较高,是危害豇豆的主要害虫;豇豆病害以锈病和轮纹病为主,其中2011年春夏季种植的豇豆锈病和轮纹病明显比2010～2011年冬季重。【结论】设施大棚对豇豆害虫有一定的隔离作用,达到降低害虫虫口基数的目的;但对于病害,露地与设施大棚豇豆病害总体未见太大差异。     

铵态氮肥不同施肥水平对猪毛菜产量及品质的影响

采用田间试验和化学分析相结合的方法研究了铵态氮肥(磷酸二铵)不同施肥水平对猪毛菜产量及品质的影响,以期确定人工栽培猪毛菜的铵态氮肥的合理施肥量。结果表明:随着施肥量的增加,猪毛菜的产量、氨基酸含量、维生素C含量均有不同程度的升高,达到一定施肥量时则呈降低趋势,只有硝酸盐含量达到一定施肥量时陡然降低,之后又升高,为了保证高产优质,人工栽培猪毛菜的铵态氮肥的合理施肥量应为57.5g/m2(或570kg/hm2)左右。     

ScYLV和SrMV的PCR引物优化设计

以甘蔗黄叶病毒（Sugarcane yellow leaf virus,,ScYLV）和高粱花叶病毒（Sorghum mosaic virus,,SrMV）为材料,运用DNAMAN、Primer Premier 5.0和Oligo6.0等软件设计PCR引物,,进行普通PCR、多重PCR、实时定量PCR反应,检验所设计引物的PCR扩增效率、特异性和有效性。归纳总结多种PCR反应中引物设计的一般性思路,提出启发性的方法,并将以上经验付诸实践检验;最后将研究思路概括为：针对性、实用性和一般性。