大力推广方格蔟,提高蚕茧质量

本文在总结湖州雠主格蔟成绩的基础上，针对当前在方格蔟推广上存在的问题，提出了大力推广方格蔟，提高茧质的建议。     

喀什地区棉田障碍因素调查及对策研究

经过 3a的调查研究 ,摸清了喀什地区棉田主要障碍因素 ,并针对性地进行了对策研究 ,使低产田改良成效显著 ,为棉花高产优质高效栽培技术提供了理论依据。     

Classification of pedogenic cementation in Podzols by pocket penetrometry

According to the German Soil Taxonomy, the formation of cemented horizons in Podzols is restricted to the precipitation of iron oxides. However, in iron‐poor sandy substrates, also illuviation of only organic compounds can form cemented horizons with penetration resistances of up to 14 kg cm⁻². We present a reproducible field test for classifying pedogenic cementation in Podzols and suggest considering cemented horizons (Bmh and Bhm) in the upcoming edition of the Guidelines for Soil Mapping.     

Effect of Rhizodegradation in Diesel-Contaminated Soil Under Different Soil Conditions

Abstract

In Order To Develop A Cultivation Technique For The Practical Use of Phytoremediation of Diesel-Contaminated Soil, We Evaluated The Rhizodegradation of Diesel-Contaminated Soil Using Italian Ryegrass. Experiments Were Conducted Under Two Different Soil Conditions That Were Expected To Reduce The influence of Diesel On The Plant. Under The First Condition, The initial Diesel Concentration Which Is Expressed in The Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (Tph) Concentration Was Set To 0.80%. The Concentration Was Almost Half The Upper Limit For The Growth of Italian Ryegrass. Under The Second Condition, Zeolite Was Added To The Experimental Soil To Improve The Cation Exchange Capacity (Cec). in 152 Days Experiments, We Evaluated The Plant Growth Variables, Tph Concentration, Soil Dehydrogenase Activity (Dha) That Is Reflective of The Rhizosphere Microbial Activity, And The Aerobic Bacterial Count. The Results Suggest That The Tph Concentration in First Condition (0.80%) Could Not Bring About A Significant Recovery of Plant Growth. The Plant Growth Observed in First Condition Was Equal To ThatObserved in The Case of The Upper Limit Tph Concentration Used in Our Previous Study. However, Under The Second Condition,It Is Suggested That The Addition of Zeolite Could increase Plant Growth, Which Can in Turn Improve The Rhizodegradation Effect.     

优质蜜环菌菌株的初步筛选

为了筛选出优质的蜜环菌菌株供猪苓的生产应用,比较了20株蜜环菌菌株的生长速度、菌索分枝、菌索直径、韧性以及菌丝的蕈香味等生物学特性。结果表明:菌株AM-06、AM-08、AM-12和AM-13均表现出优良的生长性状,表现在有大量的白色菌丝,萌发和生长较快,菌索分枝较多,尖端幼嫩,菌索粗壮,韧性极好,菌索长满平皿后有浓郁的蕈香味。     

引入耕地生态价值的咸阳市基本农田划定

为了探索科学客观的基本农田划定方法,实现将集中连片和优质稳定的耕地划为基本农田的目标,有效保护耕地和保障国家农业生产安全。该研究以陕西省咸阳市为例,引入耕地生态价值和政策条件多维度评价耕地质量,结合耕地质量空间集聚类型划定耕地保护分区;采用缓冲区分析法识别耕地连片性,耦合耕地保护分区和耕地连片等级,尝试探索“连片优先、质量优良、数量约束”的基本农田划定流程。结果表明:1)咸阳市耕地质量划分为高、较高、一般、较低、低5个等级,全市超过一半面积的耕地质量等级为低和较低等级(35.81%和29.67%),一般和较高等级的耕地面积占比也均超过了10%;不同耕地质量等级在空间分布上的差异受地形和区域经济发展影响较大,耕地质量等级总体上呈现出“南高北低”的空间分布格局;咸阳市耕地质量在空间上呈现出明显的集聚特征,以高-高值集聚型和低-低值集聚型耕地为主;2)将全市耕地划为优先保护区、适宜保护区、重点整治区和全面治理区4个保护分区并提出一些保护建议。全面治理区内耕地面积最多,占全市耕地总面积的35.50%,适宜保护区内耕地面积最少,仅占11.81%;3)咸阳市共得到49 713个耕地连片地块,面积2...     

图书馆业务外包的核心问题——保证服务质量和水平

在图书馆业务外包环境下,如何保证服务质量这一关键性问题作出了一些探讨。     

Changes in NMR Relaxation of Rice Grains,Kernel Quality and Physicochemical Properties in Response to a High Temperature after Flowering in Heat-Tolerant and Heat-Sensitive Rice Cultivars

Abstract

Rice productivity is related to the ability of plants to adapt to heat stress. The heat-tolerant cultivars ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’ and heat-sensitive cultivar ‘Hinohikari’ were grown at 30ºC and 25ºC for 49 days after flowering. At 30ºC, only a few white immature kernels were produced in ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’, but about 22% of grains had immature kernels in ‘Hinohikari’. The high temperature(30ºC) caused no significant changes in grain dry weight, water content, and the NMR T₁ value during the early ripening stage in ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’. It also did not affect grain development, especially with respect to the nucellar epidermis, in ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’, but caused clear cessation of development of the nucellar epidermis at 14 days after flowering in ‘Hinohikari’. In addition, high temperature decreased the amylose content and increased hardnessvs. adhesion ratio of cooked rice in both ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’ resulting a softer, less sticky texture, but not in ‘Hinohikari’. The maximum viscosity and breakdown values were increased, and final viscosity decreased at 30ºC in all three cultivars. These results suggested that starch in the endosperm of grains changed from a fluid state to a doughy state more slowly in ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’ than in ‘Hinohikari’, in which the water content and NMR relaxation time decreased, and transported assimilates accumulated slowly during grain development.     

Mineralization of “non‐metabolizable” glucose analogues in soil: potential chemosensory mimics of glucose

Glucose is widely used to study the dynamics of easily available organics in soil. Pure culture studies have revealed that many microorganisms can sense and respond to glucose through chemosensory mechanisms that are not directly reliant on energy catabolism. However, the rapid mineralization of glucose by microorganisms makes it difficult to disentangle its energy effects from such non‐catabolic interactions. “Non‐metabolizable” glucose analogues have proven useful in mechanistic studies of glucose in pure culture, but have never been applied to complex microbial communities in soil. We sought to determine how their mineralization in soil differs from that of glucose, and whether they have potential as a new approach for investigating chemosensory mechanisms in soil microbiology. We incubated soil from an agricultural Haplic Luvisol under controlled conditions for 24 d and monitored CO₂ efflux after addition of (1) glucose, and three “non‐metabolizable” glucose analogues: (2) 2‐deoxyglucose (DG), (3) α‐methylglucoside (αMG), and (4) 3‐O‐methyl‐glucose (OMG), at three concentration levels, along with a control. All three analogues did in fact produce a large increase in soil CO₂ efflux, but the dynamics of their mineralization differed from the rapid degradation seen for glucose. At medium and high concentrations, CO₂ efflux peaked between 2.5 and 4 d after amendment with DG and αMG, and was delayed by about one week for OMG. The markedly different patterns of mineralization between glucose and OMG offer a new tool for investigating the behavior of glucose in soil. By using OMG as a glucose model, chemosensory mechanisms could be studied with limited interference from energy catabolism.     

云南甘蔗杆状病毒的分子检测及其对甘蔗品质和产量的影响

 Sugarcane bacilliform virus(SCBV) was detected by PCR from sugarcane showing chlorosis and mottle symptom from Kaiyuan, Yunnan Province.Part sequence of replicase gene of the isolate SCBV-Kaiyuan was determined.Sequence analysis indicated that the 589 bp of SCBV-Kaiyuan shared identities of 73.2%-74.0% and 83.1%-84.1% at nucleotide and amino acid levels with SCBV-Australia respectively, 66.7%-68.4% and 65.6%-67.7% with SCBV-Morocco.The quality and yield of the sugarcane infected with SCBV-Kaiyuan was also investigated.The juice extraction, sucrose content, gravity purity and average stalk weight were decreased 1.55%, 1.24%, 2.22% and 0.26 kg in plants infected with SCBV-Kaiyuan, but reducing sugar was increased by 0.21% in infected plants.