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81.
Variation of Parthenium hysterophorus in response to soil quality: implications for invasiveness 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary The performance of Parthenium hysterophorus , native to the tropical Americas and invasive to several countries, was evaluated for response to soil quality. Phenological (six stages) and quantitative growth variables [relative growth rates in height (Rh ) and diameter (Rd )] were measured every fortnight. Based on harvest data, the variables, root:shoot (R:S) ratio, specific leaf area (SLA), relative growth rate in biomass (Rw ), net assimilation rate (NAR) and dry matter allocation to plant components, were determined. High clay content in soils prolonged the rosette stage, enhanced Rh and Rd and hampered root growth, but promoted biomass allocation to shoots. The extreme degree of plant mortality was observed, with only 33.3% individuals surviving to reproduce in the soils with highest clay contents. This appears to be one of the most important findings that certainly has a major bearing on the range of adaptation of the weed. Seed mass declined whereas seed production increased in relatively coarser soils with the exception of nearly pure sand. In soils rich in clay, plants produced a smaller number of larger seeds. These data suggest that variation in fundamental functional traits would enable P. hysterophorus to adjust to a variety of habitat conditions. 相似文献
82.
Detection of Colletotrichum coccodes and Helminthosporium solani in soils by bioassay 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The sensitivity of a bioassay in detecting soil inoculum of Colletotrichum coccodes and Helminthosporium solani was examined using potato minitubers and microplants. Tests were conducted on soils which were collected from fields in which the interval after a previous potato crop differed, and which were also artificially infested with conidia or microsclerotia. For C. coccodes , determining plant infection based on the occurrence of infected roots after 9–12 weeks was a sensitive method for detecting and quantifying the amount of inoculum in soil. Infestations of less than 0·4 microsclerotia per g soil were detected in artificially infested soils. A semiselective medium, developed for isolating C. gloeosporioides from pepper, detected soil infestations by C. coccodes as low as nine conidia or one microsclerotium per g soil in artificially infested soil. For H. solani , infection on minitubers was a sensitive measure, with soil inoculum of fewer than 10 conidia per g soil being detected. Soil infestation could be quantified by assessing the percentage surface area of minitubers covered by sporulating lesions, which was strongly related to the amount of soil infestation. The results of these bioassay tests were compared with published results for real-time quantitative PCR assays on the same soils. The two methods were in good agreement in artificially infested soils, but the bioassay appeared to be more sensitive with naturally infested soils. 相似文献
83.
通过12a大田长期定位试验研究了在自然降水条件、冬小麦—大豆轮作(或休闲)种植制度下,0~400cm土娄土剖面硝态氮分布与积累的特点。结果表明,长期单施氮肥,氮的表观利用率特别低,仅0.51%,氮肥配施钾、磷肥,氮的表观利用率为25%~35%,氮磷钾平衡施肥及配施有机肥,氮的表观利用率达到50%;施N肥方式显著影响土壤硝态氮积累和淋移,旱地土娄土长期单施化学氮肥或氮钾、氮磷、氮磷钾肥使土壤NO-3-N大量积累和淋移;氮磷钾与有机肥的配合施用能有效地缓解土壤对硝态氮的积累,提高氮肥利用率。 相似文献
84.
新疆农田土壤有机质含量及组成特征 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目前新疆农田土壤有机质含量在5.30~24.21g/kg之间,平均14.65g/kg,与第二次土壤普查相比,新疆农田土壤有机质含量呈上升趋势;胡敏素碳含量占到有机质碳量的53%~70%,平均61%,腐殖酸碳量只占39%。 相似文献
85.
稻瘿蚊间歇性暴发原因和治理对策探讨 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过多年的系统调查和观察,明确了稻瘿蚊发生具有间歇性、隐蔽性、暴发性、毁灭性和专一性等5个特点,分析了其在大田县间歇大发生有5个方面的因素。防治上提出农业防治可采取“铲”、“避”、“改”等方法,化学防治应选用具有强触杀、强渗透力药剂,采用毒土法施药技术。 相似文献
86.
Hiromitsu Furuya Tsutomu Matsumoto Shin-ichi Fuji Hideki Naito 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(2):115-119
Rice seedling growth, estimated by plant height and root development and discoloration, was better in pasteurized soil than
in unpasteurized soil obtained from a flooded rice field. Rice seedlings also grew better in sterilized soil modified by adding
roots harvested from the pasteurized soil than in soil modified by adding roots harvested from the unpasteurized soil. The
results demonstrate that seedling growth in the rice field soil was inhibited by soil microorganisms, even though no typical
symptoms such as seedling blight or damping-off appeared. Pythium aristosporum is suggested to be involved in the inhibition. Thus, it appears that inconspicuous restraint of rice seedling growth could
occur in soils of rice paddy fields.
Received: May 20, 2002 / Accepted: October 16, 2002
Acknowledgments The authors thank Dr. T. Ichitani, former professor at Osaka Prefectural University, for providing an isolate of Pythium aristosporum for comparison, and Mr. Mitsuaki Sato of Akita Prefectural College of Agriculture for technical assistance. 相似文献
87.
88.
引进扁桃的品质特性观察 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
从美国引进的3个扁桃品种,用山桃作砧木,在陕西渭北地区生长旺盛,苗木栽植第3年开始开花结果,5年生平均株产1.78~2.03kg。扁桃3月中下旬开花,果实前期发育较快,至5月中旬果径生长量占总量的80%~90%,后期增长缓慢。Nonpareil品种7月25日~8月5日成熟,Mission品种9月11日~9月15日成熟。成熟种仁饱满,外观品质较好。种仁含粗脂肪49.62%~52.49%,含粗蛋白20.9%~29.0%,含VB11.8~1.91mg/kg,VB24.08~4.62mg/kg。氨基酸及钙、镁等元素含量也较丰富,与我国新疆扁桃主产区产品营养含量相近似。 相似文献
89.
90.