黄土高原沟壑区人工草地生产力研究—以长武王东沟试验区苜蓿地为例

该以长武王东试区苜蓿为例，根据草地生产力形成机制，结合一系列试验数据，探讨了人工草地生产潜力及其载畜量的估算方法。析人工草地生产力形成过程，量化了各种生态因子的产量效应，指明了提高草地生产力及其载畜量的有效途径。     

浅谈长武王东试区“八五”土地利用规划

该文依据景观生态学原理和土地经济学特性(土地肥力、报酬递增性、土地经济供给的有限性)等理论及长武王东试区土地资源背景,论述了王东“八五”期间土地利用规划的要点:1.保持耕地面积的相对稳定;2.适度发展果园;3.加强现有林的抚育,增造灌木林;4.维持一定的牧草地面积,提高产草量;5.控制塬面村庄扩展。     

北京山区土地资源评价及可持续发展研究

通过对北京山区土地分异影响因素分析,建立了调查区土地资源评价系统及标准。从构成、质量及潜力三方面分析了该地区土地资源的特点,并提出了北京山区土地资源可持续发展战略措施。     

Long-term study of growth in the New Zealand flatworm Arthurdendyus triangulatus under laboratory conditions

In a 1-year laboratory study of the New Zealand flatworm Arthurdendyus triangulatus, individual growth, degrowth and regrowth were manipulated via the feeding regime, with the compost worm Eisenia fetida as prey. A mean growth rate of 25 mg live weight wk^—1 was evident, individual rates ranging between 18 and 38 mg wk⁻¹. Degrowth was associated with egg capsule deposition for which the maximum rate was 0.5 capsules wk⁻¹. The more egg capsules produced, the greater the adult weight loss, degrowth rates ranging from 8 to 55 mg wk⁻¹. Change in flatworm body weight (gain/loss) also correlated with the length of the food introduction interval, though weight could be maintained for circa 2 weeks. Weight loss was not simply a function of hunger, voluntary cessation of feeding (possibly related to egg capsule production) being a confounding factor. During the growth phase, individual predation rate ranged from 0.9 to 1.1 earthworms wk⁻¹, rate of tissue consumption ranging from 346 to 485 mg wk⁻¹. Conversion efficiencies of earthworm to flatworm tissue were estimated to range between 3.8% and 10.7%. The impact of this exotic planarian on earthworm populations is discussed.     

Variation in quality and decomposability of red oak leaf litter along an urban-rural gradient

 This study tested whether urban land use can affect the chemistry and decomposability of Quercus rubra L. (red oak) leaf litter in forests within and near a large metropolitan area. Cities may affect the quality of leaf litter directly through foliar uptake of atmospheric pollutants, and indirectly through alterations in local climate and changes in soil fertility caused by pollutant loads and altered nutrient cycling regimes. Using a microbial bioassay, we tested whether red oak leaf litter collected from urban and suburban forests in and near New York City differed in decomposability from litter of the same species collected from rural forests 130 km from the city. We found that oak litter from the urban forests decayed 25% more slowly and supported 50% less cumulative microbial biomass in a laboratory bioassay than rural litter. Rural litter contained less lignin and more labile material than urban litter, and the amounts of these chemical constituents were highly correlated with the decay rate coefficients and integrated microbial growth achieved on the litter. The specific causes of the variation in litter chemistry are not known. The results of this study suggest that decomposer activity and nutrient cycling in forests near large cities may be affected both by altered litter quality and by altered biotic, chemical and physical environments. The sensitivity of the microbial bioassay makes it useful for distinguishing differences in within-species litter quality that result from natural or anthropogenic variation in the environment. Received: 7 January 1999     

乡镇土地利用总体规划编制技术探讨

分析了乡镇土地利用总体规划编制存在的问题,探讨了乡镇土地利用总体规划编制的技术思路、技术要点,例举了应用实例,可供乡镇土地利用总体规划编制参考。     

基于SWOT分析模型的农村居民点整理分区研究

农村居民点整理是农村土地整理的重要内容,也是统筹城乡发展和缓解人地矛盾的重要途径。文章以湖北省郧县为例,引入SWOT战略分析模型,形成农村居民点整理分区矩阵,并深入分析农村居民点整理的优势、劣势、机遇和威胁,基于以上4个方面构建农村居民点整理分区评价指标体系,最后根据各乡镇的农村居民点整理分区四边形重心分布来确定农村居民点整理分区和整理策略。结果表明:Ⅰ级整理区应注重城乡一体化,加快城乡统筹发展;Ⅱ级整理区应积极筹措整理资金,注重中心村规划与建设;Ⅲ级整理区应重点对农村居民点内部结构进行优化,提高土地利用率;Ⅳ级整理区不宜进行大规模整理,只需有步骤地对闲散土地进行整理。该研究为农村居民点整理规划以及整理项目的实施提供了一定科学依据。     

基于空间自相关的农村居民点空间格局演变及其分区

农村居民点形态特征是自然地理条件和社会经济发展水平的集中体现,其形态特征空间集聚格局可为农村居民点分区提供基础依据。该文以北京市平谷区为例,基于空间自相关方法,分析平谷区农村居民点的空间格局及其演变特征,测度其空间关联性,获取农村居民点空间形态集聚格局,进而结合村庄定位、相关规划等,提出平谷区农村居民点分区方案。研究结果显示,农村居民点规模、形状、分布均呈显著空间自相关,正相关类型多以组团形式出现,而负相关类型则呈零星分布。不同的自然与社会经济特点区域表现出不同的集聚格局,地形地貌等自然条件控制下的农村居民点规模、形状和分布的集聚区域空间一致性较强,而城市化、工业化等人文过程则降低了其空间一致性。可据此将农村居民点分为5个管理区域,平原区农村居民点管理应注重其用地综合效益的提升,适时调整优化农村居民点用地结构以改善生产生活条件;半山区应因地制宜推行区域统筹的综合管理模式;而山区则应突出村庄特色,完善居民点内基础设施建设,实现农村居民点整合发展。