Reclamation of a Badarkhali hot spot of acid sulfate soil in relation to rice production by basic slag and aggregate size treatments under modified plain–ridge–ditch techniques

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted for the reclamation of a Badarkhali hot spot of acid sulfate soil manipulated by flash leaching followed by basic slag (BS) at 10 t ha^?1 (BS₁₀) and 20 t ha^?1 (BS₂₀) and aggregate sizes (A) of soil less than 20 mm (A₂₀) and less than 30 mm (A₃₀) treatments under two different techniques (Tech 1: pyrite layer at top, jarosite layer at middle and topsoil at the bottom of the ridge; Tech 2: topsoil at top, pyrite layer at middle and jarosite layer at the bottom of the ridge). Responses to two cultivars of rice (Pizam [local cultivar] and BR 14 [high yielding cultivar]) with the treatments were evaluated. The initial soil had a very low pH(H₂O) 4.0 and a high electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.4 m S^?1, and the pyrite content was 68 g kg^?1. The exchangeable Mg content of the soil was approximately twice that of Ca and the Al content was at a highly toxic level. The average soil data of all the treatments, except for the control plots (where no amendment was applied), after harvesting of rice increased by 1.1 units for soil pH and 17–524% for the contents of N, P, Ca and Mg, while the concentrations of Fe, Al, Na, Cl^? and SO₄ ^2– decreased by 30–94% compared with the initial soil. The maximum growth and yield of rice grains (4.4 t ha^?1) were obtained by the Pizam compared with the BR 14 (4.0 t ha^?1) in the A₂₀BS₂₀ treatment in the ridges of Tech 2. The lowest grain yields of 0.02 (BR 14) and 0.07 t ha^?1 (Pizam) were recorded for the control plots. The other treatments also resulted in significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved performance on rice production. The highest N, P, K, Ca and Mg contents in the shoots of BR 14 and Pizam rice were obtained under the A₂₀BS₂₀ treatment followed by the A₂₀BS₁₀ ≥ A₃₀BS₂₀ treatments. Application of A₂₀BS₂₀ under Tech 2 is the most appropriate reclamation option and the local Pizam is the most suitable rice for this soil.     

CALIBRATION OF SUGARCANE RESPONSE TO CALCIUM SILICATE ON FLORIDA HISTOSOLS

Silicon is considered a beneficial nutrient for sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) and yield responses to Si applications on Florida organic soils have been well documented. Growers need calibrated Si recommendations to be able to make cost-effective decisions regarding Si applications. The objective of this study was to develop a soil-test Si calibration based on yield responses to Ca silicate on Everglades Histosols. Twelve paired commercial field comparisons and three small-plot tests of Ca silicate application were conducted. Strong responses in t cane ha^?1 and t sucrose ha^?1 were determined with acetic acid-extractable soil Si <15 g m^?3, with some response to approximately 25 g m^?3. Recommendations were developed over this range with a maximum Ca silicate rate of 6.7 t ha^?1. Optimum leaf Si concentration was determined to be ≥ 6.0 g kg^?1, with 0.95 and 0.80 relative yield at 5.0 and 2.5 g kg^?1, respectively.     

马蹄渣栽培草菇技术初探

通过马蹄渣、杏鲍菇菌渣为培养原料栽培草菇研究,设计马蹄渣、杏鲍菇菌渣不同配比进行试验,测试不同配方菌丝的生长速度,转化率及营养成分测定,筛选出最佳配方。     

Hydraulic potential stimulation and bricks preparation of magnesium slag

The hydraulic potential stimulation of magnesium is significant to its direct utilization. In this paper, magnesium slag which is the main material, and some slag and activator are used to prepare cementitious material and bricks, and the influences of different activators on the hydraulic properties are also investigated. Experiments show a certain hydraulic potential of magnesium slag but with a low strength, however, the compressive strength soars from 1.8 MPa to 27 MPa after composing it with a small amount of blast-furnace slag. The early strength of magnesium slag-blastfurnace slag binder is affected by NaOH, while the gypsum affects the binder’s later strength. Bricks conforming to standard MU20 are successfully fabricated by 80% magnesium and 20% blast furnace slag, after activated, with extra 5% desulfurized gypsum.     

重离子束辐照复合菌剂发酵马铃薯渣的效果研究

研究了重离子束辐照选育的高蛋白酵母、木霉、黑曲霉和乳酸杆菌的不同添加比例及发酵时间对马铃薯渣中粗蛋白和粗纤维含量的影响.结果表明:在发酵条件、发酵时间相同的情况下,黑曲霉∶绿色木霉∶诱变酵母菌∶乳酸杆菌最佳配比为1∶3∶3∶2,发酵后马铃薯渣中的蛋白含量为15.39%,粗纤维含量为12.12%;在发酵条件、菌种比例相同的条件下,最佳发酵时间为8d,发酵后马铃薯渣中的蛋白含量为15.12%,粗纤维含量为11.86%.     

城市生活垃圾焚烧炉渣对水体中磷的去除效果

城市生活垃圾焚烧炉渣对水体中的磷有较好的去除效果,当初始磷浓度低于200 mg/L时,炉渣对磷的去除率接近100％;当初始磷浓度为800 mg/L时,炉渣对磷的去除率接近60％.炉渣对磷的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型,相关系数均达显著水平.Langmuir吸附等温线模拟炉渣的吸附磷性能优于Freundlich模型,根据Langmuir方程计算出炉渣对磷的理论饱和吸附量为26 162 mg/kg.炉渣对磷的吸附受pH值的变化影响不大,磷的解析率低,且其重金属浸出浓度低,环境安全性能优良.综上所述,生活垃圾焚烧炉渣是一种较为理想的除磷吸附剂.     

热带农业废弃物资源利用现状与分析——菠萝废弃物综合利用

阐述了菠萝叶和菠萝加工废弃物的综合利用现状.广东、海南、广西等地区的菠萝叶主要用于粉碎还田,部分提取菠萝叶纤维,还可发酵制沼气、青贮饲料和生物有机肥等,云南、福建等地的菠萝叶则基本上直接废弃;菠萝果实加工后剩余的菠萝皮、渣蕴含丰富的营养成分,可用于生产菠萝果酒、白兰地、果醋、乳酸饮料等,也可用于发酵生产沼气、乙醇和饲料以及提取特殊物质.对我国菠萝废弃物综合利用过程中存在的主要问题进行了分析探讨,并提出相应的发展对策.     

Release and Sorption Pattern of Monosilicic Acid from Silicon Fertilizers in Different Soils of Louisiana: A Laboratory Incubation Study

The amount of monosilicic acid (H₄SiO₄), which is the plant-available form of silicon (Si), released from fertilizers can be influenced by Si source and soil properties. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted using six soil series from Louisiana to document the differences in the release characteristics of H₄SiO₄ from wollastonite and slag. Monosilicic acid in solution released from slag declined with time while wollastonite consistently increased its concentration across all soil suspensions well above 40 µg mL^?1. Among these soil series, soils high in organic matter and clay were seen to have maximum percent sorption (up to 79%) with minimum polymerization of H₄SiO₄. The presence of ions like aluminum (Al) and magnesium (Mg) enhanced the process of H₄SiO₄ polymerization, which led to a decrease in H₄SiO₄ concentration in solution. Evident relationships were observed between H₄SiO₄ concentration in solution with added Si sources and sorbed quantity from soil solutions.     

MgO对高铝高炉渣脱硫的影响及其动力学分析

随着廉价高铝铁矿石的不断使用,高炉炉渣内Al₂O₃含量也随之升高,这势必会影响高炉炉渣的各项冶金性能。为深入研究高铝高炉渣脱硫性能,明确MgO含量对高铝渣脱硫性能的影响,笔者通过改变高铝渣中MgO的含量,分别设定渣中MgO含量为5%、9%、13% MgO,研究不同MgO含量高炉高铝渣的脱硫性能及其脱硫动力学。结果表明：MgO含量不仅对高铝渣的黏度、脱硫能力有不同的影响,还使炉渣的脱硫速率发生了很大的改变。MgO含量越高对应的黏度越低,脱硫能力越大;但脱硫速率却表现出了不同规律,9% MgO的脱硫速率表现为最大;经过综合比较,当碱度固定为1.1、Al₂O₃含量固定为17%时,MgO含量为9%的炉渣同时具有较好的粘度和脱硫性能。     

改性钢渣的制备及其吸附除磷性能

研究了改性钢渣吸附除磷影响因素、等温吸附线特征和吸附动力学,并对生物处理后的出水进行吸附除磷研究。结果表明：在初始磷浓度10 mg/L,投加量10 g/L、pH为7时,改性钢渣吸附后总磷浓度为0.687 mg/L,去除率达93%;改性钢渣对磷的吸附符合Langmuir模型,理论饱和吸附量是1.977 mg/g,吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型（R²>0.99）;实际生活污水的吸附除磷中,投加量为50 g/L,反应2 h后出水总磷浓度达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918-2002）一级B标的排放要求。