不同人工湿地基质除磷效率研究

[目的]探讨不同人工湿地基质对磷的去除效率。[方法]通过静态试验,选取钢渣、煤渣、炉渣、页岩、土壤、砂石6种基质,研究不同人工湿地基质对磷的去除效率及除磷特性。[结果]6种基质对磷的去除能力表现为钢渣煤渣炉渣页岩土壤砂石;当总磷初始浓度为5 mg/L时,6种基质对总磷的去除率分别为99.8%、85.8%、71.2%、63.0%、46.8%、11.7%。页岩和炉渣适合作潜流型人工湿地基质;煤渣适合作为可更换湿地基质,强化除磷效果;钢渣可用于潜流型湿地末端,对尾水TP进行处理。[结论]该研究为今后人工湿地基质的选取提供了理论参考。     

酸性和中性水田土壤施用硅肥的效应研究Ⅱ.对水稻吸收硅素及产量的影响

分别选取酸性和中性水田土壤进行盆栽试验,研究施用硅肥对水稻不同生育期硅素吸收状况及产量的影响,以期揭示施用硅肥提高不同类型土壤供硅能力、改善植株硅素营养及增加产量的作用机制.结果表明,从拔节期到抽穗期水稻植株体内硅的含量有较大幅度的降低,而后又逐渐升高.施用硅肥可明显提高水稻植株体内硅的含量,尤以高炉渣与葡萄糖配合施用和单施高炉渣两个处理效果最好,极显著高于对照及其他处理.在酸性水田土壤上施用硅肥的增产效果较为明显,高炉渣与葡萄糖配施处理的增产率高达16.99％,且成熟期水稻植株含硅量与稻谷产量间存在显著的直线正相关关系;在中性水田土壤上施硅则无显著增产效果.总之,高炉渣与葡萄糖配合施用能更有效地改善土壤的供硅能力,进而提高水稻产量,其在酸性水田土壤上的施用效果尤为显著.     

ICP-MS法同时测定钢渣中10种矿质元素

建立了钢渣中多种矿质元素的检测方法。钢渣样品经HNO3-HF-HClO4消化,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法检测钢渣中10种矿质元素。该方法的检出限为0.002～6.68μg.g-1,加标回收率为78.8%～105.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.68%～8.29%。该方法具有简便、快速、准确等特点,可用于钢渣中矿质元素的分析。     

施用燃煤脱硫废弃物对盐碱地油葵农艺指标及产量的影响

采用盆栽试验的方法,研究了施用燃煤脱硫废弃物对盐碱地种植的油葵农艺指标及产量的影响。结果表明：施用30 t/hm2脱硫废弃物能够有效提高油葵出苗率、株高和产量,并且能够降低土壤的pH和碱化度。这表明施用30 t/hm^2脱硫废弃物可有效地促进盐碱地油葵的生长能力,并可增强抗盐能力。     

秸秆-钢渣混合填料对低C/N比污水脱氮研究

为探讨作物秸秆和钢渣对低C/N比污水脱氮的影响,本研究分别以空白（CK）、小麦秸秆（W组）、水稻秸秆（R组）、小麦秸秆+钢渣（WF组）、水稻秸秆+钢渣（RF组）、钢渣（F）为填料,在厌氧循环系统中对C/N比为0.23~0.93的污水进行处理,探究6种不同的填料系统对NO₃^--N的去除效果。结果表明：W组、R组、WF组和RF组的NO₃^--N去除率分别为94.99%、86.70%、98.75%和94.70%;相比于WF组和RF组填料系统,纯秸秆填料系统（W组和R组）对污水中NO₃^--N的去除速度更快,但在处理过程中的可溶性有机碳（DOC）浓度更高;WF组和RF组钢渣中含铁化合物的释放及转化会消耗有机质,因此其DOC浓度保持在较低水平,避免了因DOC浓度过高而引起的二次污染问题。综合考虑,小麦秸秆+钢渣混合填料在脱氮过程中能够在保持高效脱氮的同时避免出水二次污染问题,更适用于低C/N比污水的脱氮。     

燃煤烟气脱硫镁渣对沙冬青种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

采用室内光照培养法（光温自动控制的光照培养箱）,研究沙质土壤中施加燃煤烟气脱硫镁渣（以下简称脱硫镁渣）对沙冬青（Ammopiptanthus mongolicus）种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：脱硫镁渣对种子萌发、幼苗出土和幼苗根系生长有显著的抑制作用;施用脱硫镁渣对幼苗的单株鲜/干重、总生物量及茎生长有显著的促...     

A Review of Set- retarding and Retarding Measures of Alkali- slag Cement and Concrete

In this paper,the influence of set- retarding on applications of alkali- slag cement and concrete is analysed.Set character of alkali- slag cement and suitability of measures used at home and abtord are discussed.On the basis of above mentioned,it is proposed that the only way to solve the fast- set problem of alkali- slag cement is by incorporating efficient retarders,and researches on mechanism of retarders along with deve loping new composite retarders are the most important topics in the research field of alkali- slag cement and concrete.     

茶叶烘干除渣系统研究与设计

针对茶叶烘干装置烘干均匀性差、烘干热利用率低、烘干茶叶带渣等问题,从茶叶烘干装置整体功能需求融合的角度出发进行设计,在主烘干筒体外部连接风力抽取循流装置,通过风力筛选将内部翻搅产生的茶渣抽取分离的同时,回流热流又返回烘干筒,热量得到循环利用.另外,通过除湿板等结构及时分离蒸发出的水分,减少水分的反复渗透,充分提升烘干茶...     

三门滩水电站枢纽布置及水工设计特点

该文对三门滩水电站枢纽布置及水工建筑物设计的若干特点进行了介绍,即:电站布置形式;坝轴线定位;引水渠布置;前池设计;厂房布置;闸坝设计。并进行了方案比较,各方面设计新颖独特。尤其是闸坝设计,采用了空腹填渣重力坝、框格填渣坝、升卧式闸门、双坎短池式戽消能工,别具一格     

Environmental risks for application of iron and steel slags in soils in China: A review

Iron and steel slags are smelting wastes, mainly including blast furnace slag(BFS) and steel slag(SS) produced in the iron and steel industry. Utilization of iron and steel slags as resources for solving the problem of slag disposals has attracted much attention with increasing iron and steel smelting slags in China. Because the iron and steel slags contain calcium(Ca), magnesium(Mg), phosphorus(P), and silicon(Si), some have tried to use them as Si-and P-fertilizers, for producing Ca-Mg-P fertilizers, or as soil amendments in agriculture. However, in the iron metallurgical process, several pollutants in iron ores can inevitably transfer into iron and steel slags, resulting in the enrichment of pollutants both in BFS(mainly nickel(Ni), copper(Cu), mercury, zinc(Zn),cadmium(Cd), chromium(Cr), arsenic, lead, selenium, fluorine(F), and chlorine(Cl)) and in SS(mainly Ni, Cr, Cd, Zn, Cu, F, and Cl), in which some of pollutants(especially Cr, Ni, F, and Cl) exceed the limits of environmental quality standards for soils and groundwater. The elements of manganese, barium,and vanadium in iron and steel slags are higher than the background values of soil environment. In order to ensure soil health, food safety, and environmental quality, it is suggested that those industrial solid wastes, such as iron and steel slags, without any pretreatment for reducing harmful pollutants and with environmental safety risk, should not be allowed to use for soil remediation or conditioning directly in farmlands by solid waste disposal methods, to prevent pollutants from entering food chain and harming human health.