枣新品种‘乐金4号’

‘乐金4号’枣是从乐陵金丝小枣资源中选育出的抗裂果新品种。果实椭圆形,平均单果质量5.95 g,含可溶性固形物35.36%,维生素C 3.729 mg · g-1,肉质细腻致密,风味甜,品质好。丰产,稳产,抗裂果,干鲜兼用,适合广大枣区栽培。在山东德州地区9月下旬成熟。     

Mechanical and Deformation Characteristicson Shield Tunnel Segment with Cracks

The 3D Goodman element is used to simulate segments' cracks in one section of shield tunnel in Guangzhou. Mechanical and deformation characteristics of segment structure responded to varied depth of cracks is analyzed in this paper. Meanwhile, research on coefficient of lateral earth pressure, soil coefficient and ground water level on mechanical and deformation characteristics is carried out. The research result shows that along with the increase of cracks' depth, the tensile stress, pressure stress reach the maximum value while the increment is not too much. However, when the depth equals to the thickness of segment, the reinforcements' tensile stress has increase sharply, even exceeded the allowable value. Moreover, the maximum number of tensile stress, horizontal and vertical convergent value of shield tunnel segment with cracks increase with the reduction of the coefficient of lateral earth pressure and soil coefficient, and increase with the increase of ground water level as well. Specific repair measure has been taken to segments' cracks in this section of shield tunnel based on the conclusions. In general, this section of shield tunnel is stable and safe now, and there is no longer new cracks appeared.     

桥梁承台混凝土温度应力场及裂缝控制

以连霍高速公路G30果子沟斜拉桥为研究对象,分析了西北高寒地区桥梁承台大体积混凝土因温差引起裂缝病害的成因,给出了控制措施.使用ANASYS仿真分析方法剖析了桥梁承台大体积混凝土温度应力场的分布规律以及裂缝产生的机理.结果表明：桥梁承台大体积混凝土绝大部分出现压应力,模型效果与工程实际吻合良好.     

Positive Impact of Deficit Irrigation on Physiological Response and Fruit Yield in Citrus Orchards： Implications for Sustainable Water Savings

Different strategies of deficit irrigation based on water stress dynamics were applied in an 11-year old citrus trees （Citrus sinensis L. Osb. cv. Navelina） grafted on carrizo citrange （Citrus sinensis L. Osb.×Poncirus Trifoliata L. Osb.）. The trees were subjected to two irrigation treatments： （1） sustainable deficit irrigation （SDI） established with water supplied at 60% of the crop evapotranspiration （ETc） and （2） low frequency deficit irrigation （LFDI） irrigated according to the plant water status. In addition, a treatment irrigated at 100% of ETc was included as a control （C）. Midday stem-water potential （ψUstem）, stomatal conductance （gs）, and micrometric trunk diameter fluctuations were measured during the maximum evapotranspirative demand period to evaluate the plant-water status, and establish the main relationships among them. The seasonal pattern of the studied variables had a behavior consistent with the contributions made by the volumes of applied irrigation water. Especially significant close relationships of ψstem with gs, and with the maximum daily shrinkage （MDS） were found. The lowest ψstem and gs values were registered in the treatments with lowest irrigations levels （SDI and LFDI）, being the MDS was significative higher than in the C treatment. The LFDI showed an oscillating behavior in these parameters, which was on line with the supplied irrigation restrictions cycles. Thus, according to the results of the present experiment the physiological stress indexes based in MDS or ψstem allow establishing different irrigation restriction cycles, encouraging important water saving without significant impact on yield and the fruit quality parameters.     

浅析钢筋混凝土裂缝的预防和控制

混凝土在现代工程建设中占有重要地位,但混凝土裂缝现象也较为普遍。文章分析了混凝土裂缝的产生原因,提出了控制和防止裂缝的措施,并探讨了混凝土的早期养护等问题。     

银耳热风-微波真空联合干燥工艺优化的研究

【研究目的】优化银耳热风-微波真空联合干燥工艺。【方法】以银耳的收缩率、复水比、感官质量以及单位能耗为评价指标,研究热风温度、转换水分含量及微波强度等因素对银耳品质以及干燥能耗的影响;并将较佳的热风-微波真空联合干燥工艺与热风干燥以及微波真空干燥进行比较。【结果】采用前期热风温度70℃,转换水分含量30%,后期微波强度5 W/g的干燥工艺参数,可获得品质较佳的银耳干品,且单位能耗最低,接近于微波真空干燥所需能耗。【结论】热风-微波真空联合干燥可极大地改善银耳干品品质及降低干燥能耗;优化后的工艺参数可为银耳热风-微波真空联合干燥技术的工业化应用提供理论依据。     

Longitudinal shrinkage variations within trees of sugi (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis>) cultivars

The longitudinal shrinkage variations within trees and the relationship with density, microfibril angle, and modulus of elasticity were examined for five sugi cultivars selected for different within-tree distributions of density, microfibril angle, and modulus of elasticity. The cultivars showed significant differences in longitudinal shrinkage and in its within-tree distribution. The within-tree distributions were categorized into two types: (1) large values of longitudinal shrinkage near the pith that decreased with height and from pith to bark, (2) small values of longitudinal shrinkage near the pith that increased slightly from pith to bark. There were strong relationships between longitudinal shrinkage and microfibril angle, and modulus of elasticity, with large values of longitudinal shrinkage associated with large microfibril angle and low modulus of elasticity. Sugi exhibited large variation in longitudinal shrinkage within stem and among cultivars, with the variation strongly affected by microfibril angle. Part of this article was presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Akita, Japan, August 2006     

补偿收缩混凝土在超长框架结构中的应用

大庆炼化公司新建职工食堂主要结构形式为超长混凝土框架结构,经合理设置混凝土膨胀加强带,采用外加剂配制补偿收缩抗裂混凝土,进行超长混凝土结构无缝施工,取得了良好效果。     

Average Constitutional Relationship of Unanchored Zone of RC Structure with Considering Bond and Slip

Based on the equilibrium of static forces and coordination of deformations, with considering the effects of bond strength variation and crack width development at different stress stage of reinforcement in tension cracks, the average stress strain relationship of unanchored zone of RC structure under bond and slip action has been derived. The typical test on reinforced concrete beams was simulated with average constitutional relationship and the result was compared with that of real test. The analytical results show that the model using average constitutional relationship with considering bond and slip in unanchored zone of RC structure can give a result close to that of test and simplify the nonlinear analysis.     

基于声学特性的裂颖杂交水稻种子检测方法研究

杂交水稻种子在成熟过程中不可避免地会产生稻壳的裂颖,出现裂颖后会影响种子发芽性能和秧苗品质。为识别裂颖水稻种子并将裂颖水稻种子分选出来,利用自行研制的裂颖水稻种子声学检测装置,对不同下落高度、声音传感器与倾斜碰撞玻璃板之间不同距离的正常杂交水稻种子和裂颖杂交水稻种子声学特性进行测试。试验结果表明,正常杂交水稻种子撞击玻璃板后其产生的电压幅值普遍高于裂颖杂交水稻种子,杂交水稻种子最佳下落高度H=150 mm,声音传感器与倾斜碰撞板间的最佳距离h为10 mm或20 mm。对两优108杂交水稻种子的综合识别率达到94%,新两优6380杂交水稻种子的综合识别率达到88%,两优6326杂交水稻种子的综合识别率达到92%。在最优工作条件下正常杂交水稻种子和裂颖杂交水稻种子平均识别率分别达到92%、90.67%。本研究表明能够利用杂交水稻种子碰撞声学特性将裂颖种子与正常种子有效分离出来。