预热处理对改善尾巨桉木材干缩性和材色的研究

为探讨预热处理对尾巨桉木材干缩性和材色的影响,分别在100℃饱和蒸汽和120℃过热蒸汽条件下对尾巨桉木材进行预热处理。对预热处理前后的尾巨桉木材进行干缩率及色度指数的测定,应用扫描电镜对预热处理后尾巨桉木材的微观构造进行分析。结果表明:1）100℃饱和蒸汽可以使尾巨桉的干缩性降低,材色无明显变化;120℃过热蒸汽处理使尾巨桉在干燥过程中出现较多缺陷,如皱缩、内裂等,但可以有效促使桉木颜色向珍贵树种颜色转变。2）经120℃过热蒸汽处理,尾巨桉木材导管中纹孔的内含物被部分排出,细胞被压扁,宏观尺寸发生变形,是导致尾巨桉出现干燥缺陷的主要原因。     

Increase in DNA fragmentation and the role of ethylene and reactive oxygen species in petal senescence of Osmanthus fragrans

In sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans Lour.) flowers, petal browning, partial abscission and wilting are the visible symptoms of senescence, 4–5 days after flowering, which seriously affect its ornamental and economic value. In the present study, DNA fragmentation was used as a marker to investigate the role of ethylene and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in flower senescence of O. fragrans ‘Liuye Jingui’. In intact plants, nuclear shrinkage and DNA fragmentation occurred at the late full flowering stage when senescence symptoms became visible. This coincided with a rapid increase in ethylene production, ROS generation and lipid peroxidation. To further determine the role of ethylene and ROS in flower senescence, cut flowers were treated with ethephon, silver thiosulphate (STS), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and vitamin C (Vc). The vase life of cut flowers was significantly prolonged by 0.2 mM STS and 2.5 mM Vc treatments, but reduced by 0.03% H₂O₂ and 500 mg L⁻¹ ethephon treatments, compared to distilled water. The percentage of DNA fragmentation was dramatically increased by ethephon but reduced by STS treatment throughout vase life. In contrast, the dramatic increase of DNA fragmentation in the H₂O₂ treated samples was only observed at day three, and clear petal abscission and rapid petal wilting occurred only with ethephon. Compared with the distinguishable nuclei and complete vacuoles in both STS treatment and distilled water, ethephon treatment caused substantial damage to large central vacuoles and other organelles, and many petal cells twisted out of shape due to a loss of cytoplasm, resulting in rapid petal wilting. Thus, it is concluded that ethylene plays an important role in flower senescence of sweet osmanthus, enhancing DNA fragmentation, damaging cellular structure, and leading to petal abscission and wilting. In addition, ROS is also involved in the regulation of late DNA degradation and lipid peroxidation.     

旧水泥混凝土路面沥青罩面改造研究

本文在调查了解国内许多旧路改造实践工程的前提下,基于内蒙古扎赉特旗音德尔路的改造实践,对旧水泥混凝土路面沥青罩面改造进行了系统的分析研究。主要的研究内容包括：原有路面结构性能的评估,旧水泥混凝土路面沥青罩面改造中沥青罩面层的设计。     

浅谈砖混房屋的裂缝

从材料特征因素、施工因素、地基不均匀沉降因素、环境温度因素、设计因素等几方面分析了北方多层砖混房屋墙体产生裂缝的原因。并从设计、施工及管理维修的不同角度提出了预防和处理裂缝的方法。     

寒冷地区沥青面层低温反射裂缝成因分析及防治

论述了黑龙江省高寒地区沥青混凝土低温反射裂缝形成的原因和机理及其防治,重点对结构层的施工工艺、材料选择、裂缝的防止措施进行了阐述。     

Tangential and radial shrinkage variation within trees in sugi (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis>) cultivars

The transverse shrinkage variation within trees was examined for five sugi cultivars. The within-tree trends of tangential shrinkage (α _T) were different by cultivar, whereas radial shrinkage (α _R) increased from pith to bark in most cultivars. The tangential/radial shrinkage ratio (α _T/α _R) decreased from pith to bark in most cultivars, because the radial variation of α _R was larger than that of α _T. The cultivars showed significant differences among cultivars in α _T, α _R, and α _T/α _R, but the difference among cultivars for α _T/α _R was smaller. The relationships between transverse shrinkage and microfi bril angle (MFA), basic density (BD), tree ring parameters, and modulus of elasticity were examined. The α _T and α _R showed positive relationships with BD, latewood percentage, latewood density, and modulus of elasticity, and negative relationships with MFA and ring width. The relationships with earlywood density were weak. Sugi exhibited variation in transverse shrinkage within stem and among cultivars, with the variation affected by MFA, density, and tree ring parameters. Part of this article was presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Akita, Japan, August 2006, and the 57th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Hiroshima, Japan, August 2007     

Influence of Construction Defect on the Performance of Lining in Hydraulic Tunnels

In the construction of hydraulic tunnel, the engineering quality problem is often caused by concrete cracks and insufficient thickness of roof lining. This problem attracted great attention of the most engineers that whether the structure performance of this kind of lining can meet the design criteria or not, especially under unfavorable conditions. Based on the on site inspections of the lining defects in Baishanzui tunnels, the model and size of the defects are analyzed with FLAC program. The study shows that the defects have obvious adverse influence on the stability and safety of the tunnel lining, however, if a backfilling grouting is carried out and the cracks are repaired, the integrality of lining is restored, the behavior of lining will be improved and can meet the design criteria as well.      

工程陶瓷高效深磨温度场的有限元仿真

在磨削温度实验的基础上,运用有限元法对工程陶瓷氧化铝及部分稳定氧化锆进行了高效深磨磨削温度场的仿真研究,得出了干磨及湿磨两种状态下工程陶瓷磨削温度场的分布;并分析了磨削温度梯度对工程陶瓷热裂纹的影响.结果表明:随着砂轮线速度增加,磨削温度场温度梯度增大;而随着磨削深度增大,不同材料的磨削温度梯度变化不同,且磨削温度梯度与磨削热裂纹的产生有一定的对应关系.     

路邦EN-1固化剂稳定土路用性能试验

针对齐齐哈尔地区典型黏土,用美国路邦EN-1固化剂进行加固.首先,进行了固化剂加固土材料的最佳配合比的试验研究,并通过无侧限抗压强度试验确定固化剂稳定土的最佳石灰用量为5%.在此基础上对5%石灰固化剂稳定土和9%石灰稳定土进行室内干缩和温缩试验,得出其干缩系数和温缩系数的变化规律,结果表明5%石灰固化剂稳定土的干缩和温缩性能均优于9%石灰稳定土.经济分析表明,在该地区的县乡公路基层中采用路邦EN-1固化剂稳定土具有非常显著的经济效益.     

某车型发动机罩焊点开裂解决措施

以某车型可靠性试验中发动机罩内板焊点出现的问题为研究背景,以此车型发动机罩为研究对象,建立该发动机罩的有限元模型。对焊点开裂处的机罩内板和锁扣固定板进行CAE分析,找出导致焊点开裂的主要原因。提出若干种解决方案,并最终确定一种最佳解决方案,使其满足使用要求。为发动机罩的设计和生产提供思路和方法。