Considering sink strength to model crop production under elevated atmospheric CO2

Climatic changes and elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations will affect crop growth and production in the near future. Rising CO₂ concentration is a novel environmental aspect that should be considered when projections for future agricultural productivity are made. In addition to a reducing effect on stomatal conductance and crop transpiration, elevated CO₂ concentration can stimulate crop production. The magnitude of this stimulatory effect (‘CO₂ fertilization’) is subject of discussion. In this study, different calculation procedures of the generic crop model AquaCrop based on a foregoing theoretical framework and a meta-analysis of field responses, respectively, were evaluated against experimental data of free air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) environments. A flexible response of the water productivity parameter of the model to CO₂ concentration was introduced as the best option to consider crop sink strength and responsiveness to CO₂. By varying the response factor, differences in crop sink capacity and trends in breeding and management, which alter crop responsiveness, can be addressed. Projections of maize (Zea mays L.) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production reflecting the differences in responsiveness were simulated for future time horizons when elevated CO₂ concentrations and climatic changes are expected. Variation in future yield potential associated with sink strength could be as high as 27% of the total production. Thus, taking into account crop sink strength and variation in responsiveness is equally relevant to considering climatic changes and elevated CO₂ concentration when assessing future crop production. Indicative values representing the crop responsiveness to elevated CO₂ concentration were proposed for all crops currently available in the database of AquaCrop as a first step in reducing part of the uncertainty involved in modeling future agricultural production.     

铜对烟草光合特性的影响

以烟草为材料,研究了铜对烟草光合作用特性的影响.结果表明,播前采用适宜浓度的硫酸铜(CuSO4·5H2O)溶液处理土壤和种子,能够提高烟草叶片的光合色素含量、希尔反应活力、光合速率和比叶重.铜对烟草光合特性的影响表现为低浓度促进和高浓度抑制的双重作用,且低浓度的促进作用随着时间的延长而减弱,高浓度的抑制作用随着时间的延长而加强.     

苹果果实体积和重量测定方法的研究

本试验对苹果3个品种的果实体积和重量的测定方法进行了研究,建立了测定各品种果实体积和重量的最优多元线性回归方程及幂函数方程。另一分析结果表明:相关回归法、圆球体积法均与排水法测定果实体积的结果差异不显著,但圆球体积法的误差较大。     

基于AHP-CRITIC复合加权法评价不同发育期苦水玫瑰品质

运用AHP-CRITIC复合加权法评价不同发育期苦水玫瑰的品质。以不同发育期的苦水玫瑰为研究对象,测定总多糖、总黄酮、总多酚含量及抗氧化活性,采用AHP-CRITIC复合加权法综合评价不同发育期苦水玫瑰的品质。结果发现抗氧化IC50、总黄酮、总多酚、总多糖4个指标成分的复合权重分别为0.294 1、0.152 3、0.158 8、0.394 8;幼蕾期、花蕾期、盛开期苦水玫瑰质量综合评分分别为54.362 0、38.451 9、33.801 9,即幼蕾期苦水玫瑰的质量最好,花蕾期次之,盛开期较差。说明通过化学成分和生物活性作用综合评价不同发育期苦水玫瑰的品质,幼蕾期苦水玫瑰品质最好。     

香蕉、大蕉、粉蕉胚性愈伤组织的诱导

本文分别以大蕉、香蕉、粉蕉的未成熟雄花为材料,取其幼嫩花序和花序轴薄片作外植体,研究了不同浓度的2,4-D、6-BA、KT、IAA、NAA对其胚性愈伤组织的诱导和增殖的影响及诱导过程的一系列反应。结果表明,前胚性性愈伤的诱导难易程度为:大蕉难于香蕉,粉蕉最难,胚性愈伤组织相似。诱导前胚性愈伤组织适宜的培养基配方,大蕉为:MS 6-BA4.0 2,4-D1.;香蕉为:MS BA6.0 2,4-D2.0;粉蕉的配方和香蕉一样。诱导胚性愈伤组织适宜的培养基配方MA IAA1.0 2,4-D4.0 NAA1.0。增殖适宜的培养基,大蕉为:MS 6-BA3.0 2,4-D0.5。香蕉为:MA IAA1.0 2,4-D4.0 NAA1.0粉蕉的配方和香蕉一样。     

北美兰云杉全光喷雾下扦插影响因子研究

试验通过采用5因素4水平正交试验法,选出了适合北美兰云杉嫩枝扦插的最佳处理组合:草炭 珍珠岩基质 100 mg/L自配生根剂 2 a母树穗条。通过方差分析发现穗条母树年龄、基质种类对扦插生根率有显著影响,其中穗条母树年龄为2 a时,平均生根率达到了77.5%。基质种类对生根的影响是通过基质质地、通透性、保水力、地温、肥力等多因素共同作用的。综合看,草炭 珍珠岩基质是北美兰云杉扦插最为理想的基质,河沙基质最差。     

基于相对熵排序的建筑工程项目投标决策

投标决策是施工企业面对的重要问题．在建筑工程项目投标问题上,先建立风险指标体系,再结合层次分析法和信息熵法求得风险指标的综合权重,然后借助相对熵排序法,对各个方案进行综合评价,得到有效反映各方案差异的评价模型,通过对比可知此法可行有效,且灵敏度高．     

旱作条件下转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因水稻籽粒灌浆特性的研究

在旱作条件下,对转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶(BADH)基因水稻的3个品系(52-7、51-15、51-22)、受体亲本中花8号(ck1)和当地推广的以色列陆稻白珍珠(ck2)的籽粒灌浆特性进行了比较分析。结果表明:5个品种(系)的强、弱势粒灌浆过程均符合Richards模型,强、弱势粒灌浆为异步灌浆型。三个转BADH基因品系与其受体亲本相比,强、弱势粒的灌浆速率提高,活跃灌浆期延长,灌浆高峰期的籽粒重增加;籽粒灌浆中、后期,强势粒的灌浆天数缩短,强、弱势粒的平均灌浆速率提高,且不同粒位籽粒灌浆速率差异减小,最终使不同粒位籽粒大小的差异缩小和粒重增加。最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率和灌浆高峰期的粒重与千粒重存在显著正相关。     

氮肥与硅肥配施对杂交稻冈优725干物质和镉积累的影响

以杂交籼稻冈优725为材料,设置不同施氮量(0、90、180 kg/hm~2)和施硅量(0、150、300 kg/hm~2),研究氮硅配施对冈优725干物质积累和镉吸收的影响。结果表明:各施氮水平下,施硅均能够显著促进水稻根系干物质的积累和地上部氮的积累,施氮量为0、90 kg/hm~2时,施硅均能够显著促进地上部干物质的积累;施氮量相同的条件下,与不施硅相比,施硅量为150 kg/hm~2处理可显著增加有效穗数,显著降低水稻千粒质量;施氮为0时,与不施硅相比,施硅可显著增加每穗粒数;各施氮水平下,水稻产量均随施硅量的增加而提高,但在施氮量为180 kg/hm~2时,施硅的增产效果不明显;各施氮水平下,施硅能显著降低根、茎、穗、精米中镉的含量及地上部镉的积累量,但叶片中镉含量升高,施氮量为180 kg/hm~2时,施硅量为150 kg/hm~2和300 kg/hm~2处理精米中镉的含量差异不明显。综合本研究结果,施氮量180 kg/hm~2+施硅量150 kg/hm~2对冈优725的增产降镉的效果较好。