污泥土地利用对环境的影响

污泥中含有丰富的有机质及氮、磷等养分，土地利用是污泥处理的重要途径之一。由于污泥的含水率很高，易腐烂发臭，且含有病原菌、重金属及毒性有机物等，在土地利用之前进行稳定化处理是必要的。在污泥的稳定化处理方法中以堆肥化处理较符合我国国情。污泥的土地利用对土壤物理、化学及生物学性质有明显的改良作用，可促进植物生长，提高产量及品质。同时，由于污泥中的重金属及丰富的氮素，使用不当，可导致重金属在土壤与植物中的积累，过量的硝态氮可能污染地表与地下水。     

生活污水厌氧消化出水后处理技术研究进展

本文综述了生活污水厌氧消化系统相关后处理技术的技术特点和研究进展,着重分析了好氧处理、稳定塘处理及土地处理三种后处理技术方法,简要介绍了户用一体化装置的研究及应用状况。     

城市污水处理厂二级出水用于城市绿化的研究

对废水浇灌景观植物进行可行性研究。评价指标为植物叶绿素、光合作用能力和呼吸作用能力。试验结果说明，经过生物处理的城市污水对植物有利无害，因此，城市污水经生物处理后可用于城市绿化。     

Einfluss eisenhaltiger Klärschlämme auf Kenngrößen der P‐Verfügbarkeit in Ackerböden

Influence of iron content in sewage sludges on parameters of phosphate availability in arable soils The use of iron salts for the P elimination in sewage plants is widely used. But it is not clear whether the P availability in arable soils is negatively influenced by iron compounds or not. The aim of the investigations was, therefore, to study the influence of two sewage sludges with a high and a low Fe content respectively on P sorption and phosphate concentration (P_i) in the soil solution after application of CaHPO₄ or sewage sludge to 5 loamy and 4 sandy soils (pot experiments and 1 silty loam (field experiment)). Soils were analyzed 1, 6, and 13 months after P application. Sludge Gö contained 12 kg P and 65 kg Fe (t DM)^—1 (P : Fe = 1 : 5.4) and sludge Sh 25 kg P and 39 kg Fe (t DM)^—1 (P : Fe = 1 : 1.5). The basic P application was 60 kg P ha^—1 (= 30 mg P (kg soil)^—1 in the pot experiment, as sludge or as CaHPO₄). P uptake by maize was determined in a separate pot experiment with a loamy soil and the same P application rate. The P sorption capacity remained similar in all soils after application of sludge Sh (P : Fe = 1:1.5) compared with soils without sludge, however, after application of sludge Gö the P sorption increased by 16% (0—59%). After application of sludge Sh the mean P_i concentration increased in loamy soils by 34% and in sandy soils by 15%. On the other hand the P_i concentration decreased after applying sludge Gö by 13% and 36% as compared to the controls of the respective soils. In the field experiment the P_i concentration of plots with a high P level (50 mg lactate soluble P (kg soil)^—1) was also significantly decreased after application of 10 t sludge Gö (126 kg P ha^—1) in comparison with triple phosphate. One month after the application of increasing amounts of sludge Gö (5, 10, 15 t DM ha^—1) both the concentration of oxalate‐soluble Fe in the soil and the P sorption were increased. The elevated relationship between these two parameters was highly significant (r² = 0.6 — 0.97). Plant uptake of P was less after application of sludge Gö than after application of sludge Sh and much less than P uptake from CaHPO₄. Sewage sludges with a P : Fe ratio of 1 : 5 should not be recommended for agricultural use, as the P availability is significantly reduced. Iron salts should not be used for conditioning of sludges.     

干旱地区家庭雨水集储装置的设计

宁夏甘肃两省是我国严重缺水地区。缺水严重影响了该地区人民正常生活和工农业的发展。为此，针对家庭用水设计了屋顶雨水集储装置；在尽量减少建筑费用的情况下，选用了地下建池、拦污栅等污水处理装置，可为干旱地区建造家庭雨水集储装置提供一些参考依据。     

Influence of plantation site and wastewater sludge fertilization on the performance and foliar nutrient status of two willow species grown under SRIC in southern Quebec (Canada)

Salix discolor Mühl. (Sd) and Salix viminalis L. (Sv) were planted under short-rotation intensive culture (SRIC) on three unirrigated abandoned farmland sites with different drainage conditions, one well-drained (S₁) and the other two poorly-drained (S₂, S₃). One dose of dried and granulated sludge equivalent to 150 (T₁) kg of “available” N ha⁻¹ was applied to some plots in the spring of the second season while others were left unfertilized (T₀). The aims of the experiment were (i) to investigate plant response (growth and productivity) to plantation site conditions and sludge application; (ii) study nutrient status by foliar analysis. Over three seasons, growth in height and aboveground biomass were greater for S. viminalis than for S. discolor on all sites. S. viminalis planted on poorly-drained site 2 had the highest biomass yield (45.28 t ha⁻¹). Both species showed best height and diameter growth on poorly-drained sites. For both species, best performances were obtained on wastewater sludge fertilized plots. Comparative foliar analysis suggested that unfertilized sandy soil (S₁) and low foliar nitrogen concentration and content were limiting factors in the performance of the two species. Soil nitrate concentration increased as a result of sludge application. Heavy metal accumulation from sludge does not represent a risk to the environment. It was concluded that S. viminalis had the best productivity on clay sites, and that a moderate dose of dried and pelleted sludge (150 kg of “available” N ha⁻¹) may be a good fertilizer during the establishment of willows in SRIC, and may reduce nitrate leaching.     

基于隧道式发酵金针菇菌渣的双孢蘑菇培养料制备分析

采用隧道发酵技术,以金针菇(Flammulina filiformis)菌渣为原材料,进行双孢蘑菇培养料的制备.通过一次及二次隧道发酵的工艺控制,检测堆制过程中温度、含水量、pH及电导率等理化成分的变化,并结合出菇结果评价金针菇菌渣培养料的使用情况.结果表明,金针菇菌渣在隧道一次发酵过程中最高温可达74℃以上,整个发酵...     

某大型造纸厂高效污水处理工程设计与运行

指出了随着当前造纸领域中水循环利用率不断提高,废水处理难度大、成本高及污泥处理困难,某大型造纸厂污水处理站仅采用预处理+EGSB+A/O的工艺方案处理该厂生产废水。经处理后出水CODcr、色度、BOD5、氨氮、总氮及总磷等指标均达到《制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准》(GB3544-2008)表2规定的新建企业水污染物排放限值要求,同时达到表3水污染物特别排放限值的要求,水处理成本仅为127元/t,污泥处置方便,且有一定经济效益,对于我国造纸污水的处理具有较高的应用推广价值。     

MBBR和LSP工艺在污水深度处理中的性能探究

指出了MBBR工艺和LSP工艺属于当前应用较多的新型水处理工艺.当将传统的好氧曝气池改造为MBBR工艺时,改造结果表明:COD降低30.8％,BOD5降低42.8％,氨氮降低25.0％,总氮降低17.2％,SS降低57.9％,总磷降低26.7％;而LSP工艺通过形成复杂的微生物食物链,消耗剩余污泥量,实现对污泥的减量化...