基于协程模型的分布式爬虫框架

网络爬虫主要受到网络延迟和本地运行效率的限制,传统的基于多线程的网络爬虫架构主要为了消除网络延迟而没有考虑到本地运行效率。在高并发的条件下,多线程架构爬虫由于上下文切换开销增大而导致本地运行效率降低,同时使得网络利用率下降,如何能够在最大化利用网络资源的情况下减小系统本地开销是一个需要研究的问题。针对以上问题,本文提出基于协程的分布式网络爬虫框架来解决,从开销、资源利用率、网络利用率上对协程框架和多线程框架进行了分析,并基于协程实现了一个分布式网络爬虫。实验表明该框架无论从开销、资源利用率和网络利用率上相对于多线程框架有比较明显的优势。     

Research on Development of Agricultural Geographic Information Ontology

This paper first analyzes the reason that agricultural geographic information gives rise to semantic heterogeneity and solution thereof.Although OWL (web ontology language) is the standard of ontology ...     

论网页问卷调查在图书馆中的应用

在提出网页问卷调查应用原理的基础上,重点分析了图书馆中设计网页问卷调查应注意的问题,并指出网页问卷调查相比于传统问卷调查的优势所在,最后提出研究网页问卷调查在图书馆中的应用具有非常重要的方法论意义。     

基于COM／DCOM技术的Web GIS构建方法应用

万维网地理信息系统（Web GIS）是地理信息系统（GIS）发展的一个重要方向，它具有访问范围广、平台独立性高、系统成本低且操作简单等特点。本文在介绍组件对象模型，分布式组件对象模型（COM／DCOM）技术的基础上，结合Web GIS开发中可能遇到的瓶颈，把二者结合，将一个基于组件的四层开发模型进行应用，解决系统在物理以及逻辑上的独立，为Web GIS中存在的安全、通信速率及GIS应用二次开发等难题的解决提出新方案，以达到Web GIS开发的时间和效益的双结合。     

农业文献的翻译方法

随着国际农业交流的日益发展,农业文献翻译正在彰显出愈加重要的作用.在农业文献翻译过程中,通过翻译理论的指导,选择适当的翻译方法,不仅能够保证翻译质量,并且可以加强理解沟通.本论文主要对比分析了Peter Newmark提出的语义翻译和交际翻译这两种翻译方法,对基本农业文献的形式进行了划分归类,并举例说明.文章指出在翻译实践中,对原文形式的正确分析理解和对两种翻译方法特性的灵活掌握,是达到佳翻译效果的有效途径.     

新疆森林公园网站设计

森林公园是新疆的重要资源之一。本文就如何利用现代化的网络技术对新疆森林公园资源整合、共享进行初步的探索,为更加有效地利用现有的森林公园提供一个有效的途径。     

Designing pest-suppressive multistrata perennial crop systems: shade-grown coffee in Central America

During most of its cultivation in Central America, coffee (Coffea arabica L.) suffered few serious pest problems. However, over the past three decades, three factors contributed to significantly increase pest levels and losses: the recent introduction of new pests; more favorable conditions for existing pests, diseases, and weeds due to lower shade levels; and secondary pest problems caused by pesticide use. The strategy of maximizing coffee production with pest control dominated by synthetic pesticides has not only increased yields substantially, but also production costs, pesticide resistance, and both human health and environmental risks. An analysis of the response of the food web in coffee plantations to varying levels of light and humidity associated with different shade levels provides the basis for identifying the optimum shade conditions which minimize the entire pest complex and maximize the effects of beneficial microflora and fauna acting against it. These optimum shade conditions for pest suppression differ with climate, altitude, and soils. The selection of tree species and associations, density and spatial arrangement, as well as shade management regimes are critical decisions for shade strata design. Site-specific knowledge of the seasonal food web dynamics permits growers to determine the appropriate seasonal shade management in order to further suppress pest levels. For example in a low-elevation dry coffee zone, 35 to 65% shade promotes leaf retention in the dry season and reduces Cercospora coffeicola, weeds, and Planococcus citri; at the same time, it increases the effectiveness of microbial and parasitic organisms without contributing to increased Hemileia vastatrix levels or reducing yields. In these conditions, shade should be at a maximum early in the dry season and at a minimum by the middle of the rainy season. Further research is needed on: the effects of individual tree species on the food web; the role of canopy architecture for coffee vigor, photosynthesis, leaf drying, pest susceptibility, and pruning regimes; and on simple observation methods and decision criteria for farmer management of tree-coffee-food web interactions. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于语义分割与实例分割的玉米茎秆截面参数测量方法

茎秆微观结构与其力学性能密切相关,影响作物的抗倒伏性能。但作物茎秆微观表型参数难以通过人工方式获取,因此急需自动化的测量方法。本研究以玉米为材料,通过光学显微镜获得玉米茎秆横截面切片图像,基于深度学习架构融合ResNet和Unet构建语义分割Res-Unet网络模型,对截面表皮、周皮和髓区3个功能区域进行分割;针对维管束数量多、面积小、密度大的特点,以EfficientDet作为基础网络架构,根据维管束尺寸小的特性,减少双向特征图金字塔(BiFPN)的层数,达到提高推理速度、减少显存占用量的目的,同时添加掩膜分割分支,构造新的网络Eiff-BiFPN实现对维管束的分割。实验结果表明,功能区域分割的平均DICE达到88.17%;维管束分割的AP₅₀和AP_50:70分别达到88.78%和72.80%。根据分割结果,可以获得玉米茎秆截面尺寸、各功能区域尺寸和维管束数量、面积等微观结构参数。本文方法具有精确性、实时性和可用性,可用于玉米茎秆微观结构参数的自动化测定,为作物抗倒伏研究提供技术基础。     

基于HRNet-OCR模型的农村宅基地提取方法

【目的】 农村宅基地信息统计是制定农村宅基地制度改革政策方向的基础,目前,基于遥感影像的农村宅基地提取还主要停留在人工目视解译的阶段,这种传统的提取方法效率低、成本高、耗时长,基于遥感影像自动化提取农村宅基地的相关研究较少。【方法】 文章收集了德清县无人机遥感影像数据,建立了训练集、验证集和测试集,构建HRNet-OCR模型,并与FCN、UNet、DeepLabV3Plus这3种模型在不同场景下进行对比。【结果】 模型精度评价指标IoU表明,在平原和丘陵地区HRNet-OCR比FCN、UNet和DeepLabV3Plus分别高了4.24%、3.72%和2.82%,在山区HRNet-OCR比FCN、UNet和DeepLabV3Plus分别高了3.59%、2.77%和1.55%,且模型在边缘细节上表现得更优秀。【结论】 基于HRNet-OCR识别模型使得遥感影像农村宅基地提取更为准确,具有更好的鲁棒性,可为精准提取农村宅基地提供重要参考价值。未来更快速、高效的高精度提取方法还有待进一步研究。     

Limnological changes in a sub‐tropical shallow hypertrophic lake during its restoration: two years of a whole‐lake experiment

1. Lake Rodó is a turbid system, a condition attributed to algal biomass. The proximal source of the eutrophication was stormwater discharges from an ill‐defined urban area. This paper describes an attempt to restore the water quality of Lake Rodó, the first time this has been done in Uruguay. In spring 1996 it was drained, sediments were removed and stream inputs were diverted. Groundwater was used to re‐fill the lake. Due to its high nutrient concentration a re‐circulation system was designed, pumping water from associated pools covered with free‐floating plants. 2. After the lake was refilled, the system was characterized by oxygen saturation or over‐saturation, neutral to basic pH, and high phosphorus, nitrogen and silicate concentrations. Ratios of total nitrogen (TN):total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll a (Chl a):TP indicated that phosphorus was the primary limiting nutrient during the period of groundwater supply. Once groundwater pumping had ceased, there was a decrease in TN:TP and Chl a:TP ratios, suggesting N‐limiting conditions prevailed in some periods. 3. Before restoration, the phytoplankton community was dominated year‐round by Planktothrix agardhii; since restoration the community has been more diverse. This change has favoured grazing by mesozooplankton, and the onset of clear‐water phases in spring. 4. Abundant populations of small omnivorous fish maintained a high predation pressure on zooplankton, restricting the abundance of large‐bodied herbivores, which, in turn, allowed an increase in phytoplanton biomass and a decrease in water transparency. Based on this observation, together with the phosphorus concentration and the low abundance of filamentous cyanobacteria compared with previous studies, we suggest that top‐down control has played a key role in increasing transparency in Lake Rodó. 5. A nutrient reduction programme, by the mechanical harvest of floating plants, and a removal of small omnivorous fishes and stocking strictly with piscivores, could be key factors in the achievement of a stable clear‐water phase. However, if blooms of Microcystis or other similar genera occur in summer, additional measures (e.g. reduction of the hydraulic residence time) will be needed to improve water transparency. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.