基于美景度评价法和语义分析法的丽江古城桥梁景观美学评价

以丽江古城桥梁景观为研究对象,选取30个桥梁景观单元进行景观美学评价。通过景观评价得出直观视觉与感性形态的综合影响因素,提出相应优化建议,提升丽江古城桥梁景观的美学质量,为丽江古城桥梁旅游路线开发与建设提供科学参考与借鉴。综合运用美景度评价法与语义分析法,构建桥梁景观评价体系,得出影响桥梁景观公众审美偏好的主要因素为植被覆盖率、视野开阔度、环境共生性、桥梁个性度、生态因子、认知因子;根据各桥梁景观单元综合评价得分高低,分析评价者对各景观单元喜好度,提升整体景观美学质量。     

基于深度学习的多品种鲜食葡萄采摘点定位

鲜食葡萄品种多样,具有不同的形状和颜色。针对葡萄采摘机器人采摘不同品种鲜食葡萄时采摘点定位精度降低的问题,提出一种基于深度学习的多品种鲜食葡萄采摘方法。首先利用PSPNet(MobileNetv2)语义分割模型分割葡萄图像,在葡萄上方设置一个兴趣区域,在兴趣区域内使用自适应阈值果梗方向Canny边缘检测提取果梗边缘信息,然后采用霍夫变换检测果梗边缘上的直线段并进行直线拟合。最后将拟合的直线与兴趣区域的水平对称轴的交点作为采摘点。对晴天顺光、晴天逆光、晴天遮阴3种光照条件下的克瑞森、阳光玫瑰、红提和黑金手指4个品种的360幅葡萄图像进行采摘点定位试验。结果显示,采摘点定位准确率为91.94%,定位时间为187.47 ms,在模拟试验中采摘成功率为85.5%。     

利用Java技术建立草地农业信息资源数据库

草地农业信息资源数据库利用Java技术和Web方式实现，分析了用户需求和系统优势，阐明了数据库的设计思路、结构及系统实现方法。     

期刊工作与网络化共存互补研究

网络化对期刊工作的影响很大,出现了多种共存互补现象。期刊出版载体是印刷型与电子型共存互补,阅读方式是纸本阅读与网络下载共存互补,编目模式是原始编目与套录编目共存互补,数据统计是电子表格与系统统计共存互补。本文研究这四种共存互补现象的必然性、共存好处和不足处,并提出我馆的一些建议和对策。     

中国花生网斑病研究

花生网斑病是我国花生上新发生的一种叶部病害，近年来蔓延迅速，为害严重，经１９８３－１９９２年历时１０年的系统研究，摸清了该病症状、发生和为害规律、分布特点；明确该病的发生与主要发病因子的关联性；于国内首次明确了该病原菌的分类地位；摸清了病害发生程度与花生荚果产量损失率之间的函数关系，找出了受害较敏感的花生物候期，建立了防治经济阈值模型；筛选出目前最好的杀菌剂、生物制剂和物理保护剂以及较抗病的花生品     

基于稳定同位素技术的天津大神堂海域人工鱼礁区食物网结构研究

本研究对2016年6月在天津大神堂3个礁区(2010年建成的鱼礁区;2012年建成的鱼礁区;2014年建成的鱼礁区)和对照区域采集的生物消费者及其食物源样品的碳、氮稳定同位素组成进行了分析,通过IsoSource模型计算不同区域生物的食物网基础,并利用氮稳定同位素数据计算消费者的营养级。结果显示,根据δ13C值可以将其食物源分为浮游植物、悬浮颗粒有机物(POM)和沉积相颗粒有机物(SOM)三类;浮游植物对消费者的碳源贡献率(67.2%~81.5%)最大,是大神堂海域的生物食物网的基础。不同区域同一食物源的δ13C和δ15N值没有显著性差异;礁区内滤食性贝类毛蚶(Arca subcrenata)、菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)和长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)的δ13C值显著高于对照区,作为潜在碳源的浮游植物对其的贡献率显著增加。消费者的δ15N值则介于7.70‰~14.34‰之间,消费者的营养级介于2.0~3.95级之间。游泳生物食性生物的δ15N和营养级在礁区内有所提高,礁区建成的年份越长,其营养级与对照区域的差别越显著。稳定同位素研究表明,人工鱼礁建设可能导致鱼礁区内滤食性生物的食物来源组成改变,并提高游泳生物食性生物的营养级。     

Generalist feeding strategies in Arctic freshwater fish: A mechanism for dealing with extreme environments

Generalist feeding strategies are favoured in stressful or variable environments where flexibility in ecological traits is beneficial. Species that feed across multiple habitat types and trophic levels may impart stability on food webs through the use of readily available, alternative energy pools. In lakes, generalist fish species may take advantage of spatially and temporally variable prey by consuming both benthic and pelagic prey to meet their energy demands. Using stomach content and stable isotope analyses, we examined the feeding habits of fish species in Alaska's Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) lakes to determine the prevalence of generalist feeding strategies as a mechanism for persistence in extreme environments (e.g. low productivity, extreme cold and short growing season). Generalist and flexible feeding strategies were evident in five common fish species. Fish fed on benthic and pelagic (or nektonic) prey and across trophic levels. Three species were clearly omnivorous, feeding on fish and their shared invertebrate prey. Dietary differences based on stomach content analysis often exceeded 70%, and overlap in dietary niches based on shared isotopic space varied from zero to 40%. Metrics of community‐wide trophic structure varied with the number and identity of species involved and on the dietary overlap and niche size of individual fishes. Accumulation of energy from shared carbon sources by Arctic fishes creates redundancy in food webs, increasing likely resistance to perturbations or stochastic events. Therefore, the generalist and omnivorous feeding strategies employed by ACP fish may maintain energy flow and food web stability in extreme environments.     

世界奶牛乳房炎研究发展态势图谱分析

为了分析近些年来世界奶牛乳房炎研究领域的最新研究进展、研究热点和未来发展趋势,基于web of science数据库中2001-2018年发表的奶牛乳房炎研究文献7 470篇,利用VOSviewer软件绘制该研究领域的机构合作网络、作者合著网络、关键词热度图谱、关键词聚类图谱、参考文献共被引图谱,对该研究领域的研究热点和发展态势进行分析。结果表明,从2001年-2017年期间,国际奶牛乳房炎领域发文量总体趋势不断上升,但在2004年、2006年、2007年和2014年发文量较前一年有下滑趋势;全球研究奶牛乳房炎主要国家及机构主要集中在美洲和欧洲,大学是主要研究机构,发文量最多的核心作者大多集中在比利时、荷兰和美国,中国在该领域仍处于劣势;该领域研究的热点主要集中于乳房炎与经济效益的关系、病原微生物分离鉴定、耐药性和致病机理、疫苗免疫和病原菌检测方法等。奶牛隐性乳房炎的诊断及实验动物乳腺感染模型的建立可能会是未来奶牛乳房炎研究领域的焦点。     

Using the Tools of the Information Age to Enhance Research and Management of the Southern Pine Beetle

The Southern Pine Beetle (SPB) is a major pest in southern U.S.A., Mexico, and Central America. Enormous resources in terms of funding, personnel, and effort have been allocated for research and development of pest management tools for this pest over the past century. Access to information from journal articles, reports, fact sheets, etc. does require some effort and is often incomplete and difficult to obtain. The emergence of the Internet now allows rapid access to information from diverse sources. We have created a comprehensive website entitled, 'The Southern Pine Beetle Internet Control Center' (SPBICC) (www.spbicc.vt.edu). The goal of the site is to provide all available resources on SPB to anyone with access to the Internet. It is also designed to increase communication among researchers and professionals to help advance the management of this pest. The site is interactive, which permits constant updating without contacting a webmaster. Attributes of the site include background information in the form of fact sheets, reviews, and government handbooks; an interactive diagnostic identification key for SPB and other bark beetles; a searchable expertise directory; a calendar of SPB-related events; a discussion forum; an online SPB spot growth predictive model; a searchable bibliographic database; a webcrawler designed to search for SPB-related websites, and more. Web-based tools were developed to integrate relational databases as the functional base of this site. The dynamic nature of the SPBICC makes it a powerful tool and a model for development of websites for other major agricultural or forest pests.     

Impaired littoral energy pathways cause a shift to pelagic resources by fish in recovering lake food webs

Fish communities may increase in biomass and productivity due to energy subsidies from the littoral invertebrate community. In lakes recovering from acidification and metal contamination, such as those in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, impaired benthic invertebrate communities (i.e., low diversity with higher abundance of small‐bodied taxa) allowed a critical test of the role of these littoral pathways on fish diet. We compared fish abundance, diversity, diet and biomass in eight recovering and eight reference lakes and related availability of the main littoral and pelagic invertebrate groups to fish diet regime using stable isotope analysis. A Bayesian mixing model (MixSIR) was used to estimate diet likelihood, and convex hull analysis was used to estimate trophic niche space of fish communities. Fish biomass did not differ between impaired and reference lakes despite substantial differences in potential diet. Fish depended strongly on littoral benthos in the reference lakes but consumed more pelagic food in the impaired lakes. The trophic niche of the focal, most common fish species (i.e., yellow perch, smallmouth bass, pumpkinseed and brown bullhead) was larger in the impaired lakes. We attributed these differences to low diversity at the highest trophic levels of fish communities in the impaired lakes as well as to depauperate benthic invertebrate communities. In contrast to the food webs of most temperate lakes, fish in impaired lakes preyed less on littoral invertebrates yet still managed to maintain a reference lake level of biomass standing crop by relying more on pelagic resources – macro zooplankton such as Chaoborus.