双环带种肥穴播器的设计

针对目前穴播机械的现状,设计了一种新型的双环带种肥穴播器,介绍了其基本结构和工作原理.从结构上分析了种肥穴播合理性,并推导出了穴播器的入土端方程.试验证明,机速在1.0m/s时,该穴播器投放种子与肥料可靠,穴粒数、穴距和播深合格率都能满足要求.鸭嘴强制后开式设计有效解决了堵土问题,播种精度较高,可广泛应用于花生、棉花、玉米与小麦等农作物的播种.     

油菜脱出物在气流中的运动分析

测定了油菜脱出物的空气动力特性，基于ADAMS研究了气流参数的变化对脱出物运动状态的影响，并对油菜脱出物在流场中的运动进行了仿真分析，选择了适合于油菜脱出物分离的气流参数，同时指出了气流清选油菜脱出物时存在的局限性。     

不同种质茶籽脂质代谢特征分析

叶籽两用茶树种质的研发利用对于茶产业结构调整、茶园综合效益提升具有特殊意义,因此深入研究现有茶树种质与茶籽相关性状特征,可为叶籽两用茶树的遗传育种提供基础信息.从福建、云南和湖南采集了31份同年结实茶籽,对种仁的含油率和脂肪酸组成特征进行测定.结果表明,不同茶树茶籽含油率存在2倍以上的差异;从茶籽油脂中检测到10种脂肪...     

中国种子加工技术现状与趋势(英文)

通过对种子产业发展过程进行回顾,对近五年来种子加工技术发展情况调研与归纳,分析种子加工技术现状;结合种子产业的发展要求和制约种子加工技术发展中存在的问题,提出种子加工技术的研究内容与研究方向。     

基于数据融合的玉米种子内部机械裂纹检测方法

为深入研究玉米种子脱粒和输送等环节中产生的内部裂纹机理和检测技术,该文在体视显微检测基础上提出了基于融合技术的边缘检测方法。该方法采用改进的数学形态学方法和传统Sobel边缘检测算子对损伤玉米种子图像进行边缘检测,建立相应的融合规则,将2种方法检测出来的图像边缘进行基于小波变换的融合处理,并从新图像中提取玉米种子内部机械损伤的特征信息。结果表明,该检测方法结合了2种边缘检测方法的优点,有效提高了边缘检测准确性,在准确提取玉米种子内部裂纹特征同时能有效降低噪声,较单一边缘检测算法有更好的效果。     

硝普钠、24-表油菜素内酯\水杨酸浸种对盐胁迫下玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

采用营养液水培,以玉米品种天泰16(TT16)、豫玉18(YY18)为材料,探讨外源硝普钠(NO的外源供体SNP)+2,4-表油菜素内酯(EBR)/水杨酸(SA)浸种对盐胁迫下玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果显示,2种外源物组合浸种后,促进了盐胁迫(150mmol/L NaCl溶液)下玉米种子的萌发,以500mg/L 24-表油菜素内酯+硝普钠复合浸种和200mg/L水杨酸+硝普钠复合浸种效果最佳,其发芽率TT16分别比对照增加15%和13%,YY18增加16%和13%;发芽势TT16分别比对照增加24%和22%,YY18增加43%和44%,主根长、芽长及生物量也较对照增加。经外源物质浸种后,盐胁迫下的玉米幼苗长势较好,SOD、POD酶活性相比对照增加显著,MDA含量较少,可溶性糖在200mg/L水杨酸+硝普钠浸种的幼苗中积累最多,分别为对照的4.35倍(TT16)和4.03倍(YY18)。与对照相比,500mg/L EBR+100mmol/L SNP复合浸种和200mg/L SA+100mmol/L SNP复合浸种,玉米种子及幼苗耐盐性增强。     

Effect of Harvest Timing on Yield and Mineral Nutritional Value of Kabuli Type Chickpea Seeds

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds are a good source of protein and mineral nutrients. However, there is no information regarding harvest timing on yield and mineral composition of chickpea seeds. The effect of harvest timing on seed yield, some yield components and mineral nutritional value of seeds of field grown chickpea plants in two different sites were studied. The mineral composition of chickpea straw depending on harvest timing was also evaluated in order to explain the variations of seed mineral concentrations in sink-source relationship manner. Yield and mineral nutritional value of chickpea were significantly affected by harvest timing. When compared to the seed yield at optimal harvest time, seed yield was 18% and 9% lower in the early harvest and 27% and 31% in the late harvest in Site 1 and Site 2, respectively. Late harvest of chickpea crops resulted in significant pod dropping and shattering. Generally, protein, phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) concentrations of the seeds in optimal harvest were found to be greater than in early and late harvested plants. Harvest timing also results in significant variations in straw mineral nutrient concentrations of the plants. As the results of this study, it was concluded that the harvest timing is critical for yield losses and mineral nutritional value of chickpea seeds.     

Ammonium nitrogen in soil solution and seed nitrogen affect the percentage of establishment of rice plants in submerged soil

The effect of ammonium nitrogen concentration in soil solution on the establishment of rice plants was examined. The increase of the concentration decreased the percentage of establishment of seeds sown in submerged soil, although most of seeds sown on submerged soil became established. Therefore, the increase of ammonium nitrogen concentration in soil solution may impair the establishment of seeds sown in submerged soil, which would occur presumably because the increase delays the spear growth and emergence without the decline of soil redox potential. Several seed lots with various nitrogen contents were obtained from rice plants grown under various conditions. The percentage of establishment of low-nitrogen seeds sown in submerged soil was much lower than that of high-nitrogen seeds, especially in soils whose solution contained a large amount of ammonium nitrogen. However, the difference in the percentage of establishment between high- and low-nitrogen seeds sown on submerged soil was much smaller. Therefore, the increase of seed nitrogen content may improve the percentage of establishment of seeds sown in submerged soil, presumably because the increase accelerates the spear growth and emergence. Consequently, for direct sowing in submerged soil, ammonium nitrogen concentration in soil solution should remain low because ammonium nitrogen exerts an adverse effect on seedling establishment, and vigorous seeds with a high nitrogen content should be sown because seed nitrogen exerts a beneficial effect on seedling establishment.     

频率及电压对高压脉冲电场提高陈年棉种活力的影响

为研究不同频率脉冲电场对陈年棉种活力的影响,该文利用高压脉冲电源和弧形电极-平板组成的电场系统在极间距离为50 mm、电压分别为16和20 kV条件下对陈年棉种在不同频率(1、5、10、20、50 Hz)下进行了电场处理,处理时间为40 s。结果发现,频率为10 Hz时,陈年棉种的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数等指标与不做电场处理对照相比都有明显提高,且都达到极显著差异(P0.01),16比20 kV条件下的处理效果更好,达到显著性差异(P0.05)。试验结果表明,电场频率对棉种活力指标的影响是存在的,且对各指标的影响趋势是一致的,即在一定处理条件下(电场强度与处理时间)可以找到一个较优频率范围,对种子活力提高达到最大,且该试验研究结果能够为后续种子电场处理提供参考。     

玉米种子人工老化过程中生理特性与种子活力的变化

种子贮藏过程中各项活力逐渐降低,即种子的老化。老化不仅影响种子萌发与幼苗的生长,也会影响到后期植株的产量与品质。以玉米自交系昌7-2、杂交组合郑单958和农大108的F1种子为试验材料,通过人工加速老化的方法,对3个品种(系)的玉米种子人工老化过程中生理特性与种子活力的变化规律进行了分析。结果表明,玉米种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均随老化时间的延长而降低;过氧化物酶(POD)的活性随老化时间的增加而降低,与种子的各项活力指标呈正相关,其中昌7-2与各项活力指标的相关性、郑单958与活力指数的相关性达显著水平;浸出液的相对电导率和丙二醛(MDA)含量随种子的老化时间而升高,与种子的各项活力指标呈负相关,其中昌7-2和农大108的相对电导率、昌7-2的MDA含量与各项活力指标的相关性均达到极显著水平,郑单958的相对电导率与活力指数和MDA含量与各项活力指标的相关性也达到显著水平;玉米种子的发芽率和活力指数随着老化时间的增加呈现一个先缓慢后加快的下降趋势;农大108的抗老化能力较弱,昌7-2和郑单958表现出较强的抗老化能力。