NaCl对转P5 CS基因水稻种子萌发的影响

脯氨酸是植物体内非常重要的渗透调节化合物,它的积累可增加植物对干旱、盐碱的耐受能力。P5CS(Δ1-吡咯啉-5-羧基合成酶基因)在植物中催化脯氨酸生物合成的前两部反应,其活性受到脯氨酸含量的反馈抑制。本研究对转P5CS基因的水稻T4代种子与对照在不同浓度的NaCl胁迫下的萌发进行试验。结果表明,随着NaCl浓度的增高,种子萌发受到的抑制越大,但在100 mmol/L时转P5CS的种子萌发率、生理指标、ABA、脯氨酸和可溶性糖的含量显著高于对照,但可溶性蛋白低于对照。说明转P5CS基因的水稻有显著的耐NaCl胁迫作用。     

优质高产杂交稻两优3773高产制种技术

两优3773是用水稻核不育系152S与自育的恢复系R173配组而成的两系杂交稻新品种,具有米质优、产量高、适应性广等特性,于2007年通过福建省农作物品种审定。介绍了两优3773亲本的特征特性,并总结其高产制种技术。     

六种生物学性状对灵芝良种选育的影响

利用多元分析中的因子分析法分析了灵明、龙1号、龙2号、韩1号、韩2号、圆芝、G8、泰山灵芝、灵野1号9个不同品种灵芝的单丛个数、鲜重、盖径、盖厚、柄长、柄粗6种生物学性状。从灵芝品种的综合得分及排名表得出灵芝良种为龙2号、泰山灵芝和G8。     

Photoperiodic effect on flowering and seed development in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Abstract

Sensitivity to photoperiod in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) was studied under controlled conditions to enhance crop adaptation to environments outside its centre of origin. Two varieties, a traditional variety from Bolivia (Real), which will not mature under Danish conditions, and an early maturing variety (Q52), developed for Danish climatic conditions, were used in this reciprocal transfer experiment. Plants were moved from a short daylength of 10 h (SD) to a long daylength of 18 h (LD) and vice versa at set intervals from sowing to 100 days after sowing (DAS). A reaction of LD in time to flowering was observed only in the Bolivian variety Real. Under SD both varieties flowered after 39 DAS. For Real the LD regime resulted in a moderate increase in time to flowering to 44 DAS. The non-sensitive, juvenile period in Real was estimated to be approximately 16 days. In Q52 a moderate increase in the number of leaves was formed on the main stem after flowering at LD, which indicates that some daylength sensitivity remains. The most striking difference occurred during seed filling, when going from SD to LD. In Q52 the time from the end of flowering to maturity increased from 39 to 52 days. Under SD, Real had a seed-filling period similar to Q52, but at LD Real remained with green leaves during seed filling. Hard seed was observed in the still green perigonium 57 days after end of flowering. At this moment re-shooting occurred from the inflorescence, and seed maturity was not reached at the termination of the experiment at 150 DAS. This study shows that flower induction is not a major problem for adaptation of quinoa to North European conditions but that a very strong, daylength sensitive, stay green reaction is the main cause of the late maturity of South American introductions.     

不同坡向杉木3代种子园土壤有效养分差异比较分析

以杉木3代种子园为研究对象,分析不同坡向杉木3代种子园土壤有效养分含量差异,从而为实现杉木种子园的合理施肥奠定理论基础。研究结果表明,同一坡向随着坡位上升以及同一坡位随着土层深度的增加,杉木3代种子园土壤有效养分含量呈逐渐下降趋势;同一坡位同一土层深度不同坡向对土壤有效养分含量的影响体现出较为复杂的规律。     

龙眼体细胞胚胎的高频率萌发与植株再生

以龙眼胚性愈伤组织诱导产生子叶形胚状体为试验材料，比较了蔗糖、活性炭的质量浓度，椰乳的体积分数，光照度和成熟时间等因素对体胚“成熟”的影响以及不同成熟过程、成熟时间、胚状体形态、品种（基因型）等因素对龙眼体细胞胚胎萌发的影响．结果表明，龙眼体胚在含５０ｇＬ－１蔗糖、体积分数为０．０５的椰乳、１００ｍｇＬ－１肌醇的ＭＳ固体培养基上，在黑暗或弱光条件下，不论白色还是透明化（玻璃化）子叶形小胚状体，都可完成“成熟”过程．体胚对成熟培养的蔗糖质量浓度和成熟时间有特定的要求．经过成熟培养的体细胞胚胎，可高频率萌发成苗     

杉木初级种子园合理疏伐对种子产量的影响

对杉木初级种子园进行适时合理疏伐，可使种子园种子产量大幅度增加。按照无性系生长的差异，每公顷保留２４０～３００株、３００～３６０株对种子增产效果显著。疏伐后种子产量年均每公顷达１１４．２ｋｇ。     

Effects of Clear Polymer Film on Emergence and Survival of Direct Sown Native Vegetation

Clear, degradable polymer films are used with agricultural crops to alter the germination and growing environment and extend the length of the growing season. The film acts like a greenhouse, elevating temperatures and improving soil water. We examined the potential of polymer film to improve emergence and persistence of direct‐seeded native vegetation. A seed mix comprising three tree species and two shrubs was sown in early August 2015, with and without polymer film. The effect of duration of polymer film (from 0–10 weeks) on emergence and persistence was tested, and the effects of polymer film on temperature and soil moisture were monitored. Our hypothesis that polymer film would improve emergence was partially supported, with between 6 and 10 weeks of polymer film coverage increasing emergence of small‐seeded species above the level of the Control. The polymer film increased temperatures by an average of 5 °C and volumetric water content by up to 10%, compared with ambient conditions, and reduced fluctuations in soil moisture, which may have contributed to the increased emergence observed. Emergence was low across all treatments (range 0·2–47%). Our hypothesis that polymer film would improve persistence was not supported, with seedling numbers declining rapidly following removal of the polymer film and no differences between treatments in percentage persistence by the end of the experiment. We concluded that polymer film is a potentially useful tool for improving emergence of smaller‐seeded species in direct seeding for land restoration, although provided no benefit for emergence of the larger‐seeded species. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seed Iron in Diverse Soybean Genotypes

ABSTRACT

Iron (Fe) in the embryo fraction of soybean (Glycine max L.) seed is important for seedling growth. Seed Fe accumulation in 27 soybean genotypes differing in seed size was studied at two field locations. Mean seed weight was 148 mg seed^?1 with mean individual genotypic values ranging from 68 to 217 mg seed^?1. Percentage of total seed dry matter in the seed-coat fraction, which was inversely correlated with individual seed weight, was 8.2%, with mean individual genotypic values ranging from 7.0% to 12.4%. Mean seed-Fe concentration [Fe] was 65 μg Fe g^?1, with individual genotypic values ranging from 48 to 81 μg Fe g^?1. Seed Fe relative to dry-matter distribution was much more concentrated in seed coats than in embryos of all genotypes. Mean percentage of total seed Fe located in the seed-coat fraction was 29%, with mean genotypic values ranging from 23% to 38%. Neither seed-Fe characteristic was correlated with individual seed weight. Seed [Fe] was not correlated with seed-manganese (Mn) concentration [Mn]. Mean seed [Fe] for the 27 genotypes was different at the two locations, presumably due to differences in available soil Fe. Both genotype and environment affected seed [Fe] of soybean. Soybean seed coats, a major by-product after oil extraction, are a possible rich source of Fe for human nutrition.     

南方高海拔山地无毒马铃薯制种技术探析

介绍了南方高海拔山地无毒马铃薯制种技术,主要包择、基地选择、精细整地、注意墒情和冻害、精选种薯、合理施肥、适时播种、化学除草、适时放苗、病虫害防治、收获贮藏等。