Protective efficacy of an H5/H7 trivalent inactivated vaccine (H5-Re13, H5-Re14, and H7-Re4 strains) in chickens,ducks, and geese against newly detected H5N1, H5N6, H5N8, and H7N9 viruses

Some H5 viruses isolated in poultry or wild birds between 2020 and 2021 were found to be antigenically different from the vaccine strains(H5-Re11 and H5-Re12) used in China. In this study, we generated three new recombinant vaccine seed viruses by using reverse genetics and used them for vaccine production. The vaccine strain H5-Re13 contains the hemagglutinin(HA) and neuraminidase(NA) genes of an H5 N6 virus that bears the clade 2.3.4.4 h HA gene, H5-Re14 contains the HA and NA genes of an H5 N...     

不同茶树品种（系）的绿茶滋味分析及评价模型构建

为客观准确地评价不同茶树品种（系）绿茶的滋味品质,该研究系统分析了25个茶树品种（系）绿茶的主要滋味成分含量及其Dot值,利用主成分分析法对不同茶树品种（系）绿茶滋味品质进行综合评价并建立滋味品质评价模型。结果表明：儿茶素、咖啡碱是不同茶树品种（系）绿茶苦涩味强度差异的主要原因,其中表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（Epigallocatechin gallate, EGCG）是所测样品中涩味的主要贡献物质,EGCG和咖啡碱为所测样品中苦味的主要贡献物质。氨基酸是不同茶树品种（系）绿茶鲜味、甜味差异主要因素,谷氨酸是所测样品中鲜味的主要贡献物质。主成分分析表明：前5个主成分的累计方差贡献率为79.018%,并以前5个主成分的线性回归方程和贡献率构建了滋味品质评价模型,模型评价结果与感官审评结果较为相似,存在极显著相关性（P＜0.01）,相关系数为0.791;利用模型中各主成分的得分,能够较好的区分所测样品的苦、涩、鲜、爽等滋味特征。因此,该研究所建模型能够较好的评价所测样品的滋味品质及其主要滋味特征的差异,为各茶树品种（系）的推广应用提供理论依据,也为不同茶树品种（系）绿茶滋味品质的科学评价提供新的思路和方法。     

利用代谢组技术研究南林895杨响应盐胁迫的生理代谢机制

为揭示林业树种在盐胁迫下的响应机制,以中等耐盐的美洲黑杨无性系后代南林895杨为材料,研究对照和盐胁迫(100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl)条件下杨树的生长情况,采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UHPLC-QTOF-MS)技术分析叶片代谢物,利用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)技术检测部分关键基因表达。结果表明,盐胁迫16 d导致杨树生长受抑制,但对其叶和根中的丙二醛含量无显著影响。正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA)鉴定出两组的差异成分,筛选出5条代谢组分差异显著的代谢通路。盐胁迫下,南林895杨叶片中α-酮戊二酸、磷脂酰胆碱(PC)以及棉子糖家族低聚糖(RFOs)积累,而苹果酸和延胡索酸减少;核酸、细胞分裂素B、氨基酸和大部分有差异的酚类含量下降。同时,三羧酸循环、RFOs合成、果糖代谢,以及谷氨酸合成主途径等相关基因上调表达;而海藻糖激酶、酚类合成及谷氨酸合成支路等相关基因下调表达。本研究结果有利于深入了解林木树种耐盐机制,可为更好地发展杨树产业提供理论基础。     

耐盐芽孢杆菌SF-18的生防潜能与基因组学分析

为从极端环境中分离具有优良抗菌活性的生物防治菌剂,采用稀释涂布平板法从新疆阿克苏盐碱地土样中分离筛选到1株具有明显抑菌作用的耐盐菌株SF-18;以大丽轮枝菌为指示菌,利用牛津杯法测定该菌株发酵液拮抗活性的稳定性,并利用2代和3代测序技术获得该菌株完整的基因组序列,对测序数据进行基因组装、预测、功能注释及次级代谢产物合成基因簇预测。结果显示,该菌株对金黄色葡萄球菌和大丽轮枝菌具有明显的抑制作用,能在18% NaCl的条件下生长;SF-18菌体发酵液在-20~80 ℃均具有较强的抑菌活性,能耐受pH 5~12的酸碱度环境;通过16S rDNA基因和gyrB基因序列分析,鉴定SF-18菌株隶属于芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）;全基因序列分析结果显示菌株有480个基因参与了多种碳源的代谢,含有编码亚精胺和海藻糖等与菌株抗逆性相关化合物合成的基因,以及能够降解病原菌细胞壁的葡聚糖酶、几丁质酶等酶的相关基因;次生代谢产物预测分析SF-18含有合成bacillaene、bacillibactin等多种抗性化合物的基因簇,推测菌株SF-18可能通过产生抑菌性的次生代谢产物以及相关降解酶来达到抑菌的效果,在农业生物防治中具有较好的应用前景。     

因劣质菌种导致菇农损失的法律保障及追溯探讨

对食用菌产业来说,菌种质量的好坏关系重大,好的菌种给菇农带来高产、高效益,而劣质菌种的误用将给菇农造成严重损失。劣质菌种导致菇农经济损失的事件时有发生,为了避免此类事件的发生,如何在事件发生后最大限度地挽回菇农的损失,对菇农因劣质菌种造成损失的法律保障及可追溯性进行分析,不仅为食用菌菌种生产单位提供指导,也为菇农因劣质菌种造成损失提供法律保证,为今后制定保护菇农损失法律提供参考。     

A Metabolomics-Based Toolbox to Assess and Compare the Metabolic Potential of Unexplored,Difficult-to-Grow Bacteria

Novel high-throughput cultivation techniques create a demand to pre-select strains for in-depth follow-up studies. We report a workflow to identify promising producers of novel natural products by systematically characterizing their metabolomes. For this purpose, 60 strains from four phyla (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes) comprising 16 novel species and six novel genera were cultivated from marine and terrestrial sources. Their cellular metabolomes were recorded by LC-MS/MS; data analysis comprised databases MS/MS matching, in silico compound assignment, and GNPS-based molecular networking. Overall, 1052 different molecules were identified from 6418 features, among them were unusual metabolites such as 4-methoxychalcone. Only a minor portion of the 755 features were found in all phyla, while the majority occurred in a single phylogroup or even in a single strain. Metabolomic methods enabled the recognition of highly talented strains such as AEG42_45, which had 107 unique features, among which a family of 28 potentially novel and related compounds according to MS/MS similarities. In summary, we propose that high-throughput cultivation and isolation of bacteria in combination with the presented systematic and unbiased metabolome analysis workflow is a promising approach to capture and assess the enormous metabolic potential of previously uncultured bacteria.     

两株Ⅱ型草鱼呼肠孤病毒的分离、鉴定及生物学特性比较

为研究Ⅱ型草鱼呼肠孤病毒(grass carp reovirus,GCRV)不同分离株毒力强弱及生物学特性的差异,该研究从患病和健康草鱼体内分离到Ⅱ型GCRV各一株,分别命名为ZH180804和CQ180701,并从细胞培养特性、致病性、基因组带型、基因序列差异、遗传进化关系等方面进行比较分析。结果显示,ZH180804对草鱼和稀有鲫的致死率分别为80%和100%, CQ180701对草鱼和稀有鲫的致死率分别为0和10%,初步表明ZH180804为强毒株,CQ180701为弱毒株,且弱毒株感染过的草鱼对强毒株的攻击感染具有较好的免疫保护;2株分离株在草鱼鳔细胞(GSB)、稀有鲫卵细胞(GRE)及稀有鲫尾鳍细胞(GRF)中均能增殖但不产生致细胞病变效应(CPE),且ZH180804株的增殖量是CQ180701株的1 000倍以上;十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)结果显示,2株分离株基因组带型相似,但S7、S8、S9、S10与S11节段的分布存在一定的差异;2株病毒的S7与S11节段的基因序列同源性分别为98%和99%。基于S7与S11节段编码的氨基酸序列构建的...     

石棉县黄果柑生物学特性调查与差异株系比较

通过对四川省雅安市石棉县黄果柑变异株系和部分生物学特性的调查及果实品质分析,比较分析了主要相关生物学特性和果实品质之间的相关性。结果表明:黄果柑在果型上分为大果型和小果型,大果型又明显表现为凸蒂与平蒂2种果形,平蒂大果型产量高,可滴定酸含量低,维生素C及蛋白质含量高,品质综合表现好;同时,平蒂大果型树体开张,枝梢生长势较强,发育充实,叶片叶绿素含量较高,可作为黄果柑优质高产株系的树体评价依据。     

Evaluation of agronomic traits and nutrient absorption of an F4 recombinant inbred line of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus)北大核心CSCD

In this research an F4 inbred line of Chinese milk vetch was constructed using Minzi No.7 milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) as the female parent and the variety Xinyang as the male parent. For 18 strains in this population, the agronomic traits and nutrient absorption status were evaluated in a pot experiment at the full flowering stage, in order to use the results as a reference for screening superior milk vetch strains. Differences between plant strains were found. Correlation analysis showed that fresh weight, dry weight and accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and kalium were highly correlated, and were drivers of plant nutrient absorption, while plant height, branch number and leaf number were important factors affecting the fresh weight and dry weight of the plant. Principal component analysis showed that the main indexes such as shoot fresh and dry weights, and accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and kalium in the shoots could be used as indexes of Chinese milk vetch performance. In cluster analysis with the distance coefficient d=25, the 18 tested strains could be classified into three groups, of which Group Ⅰ had 4 strains (m83xzh-1-4-4, m83xzh-1-4-6, m83xzh-1-4-8, and m83xzh-1-4-13) with excellent multivariate trait scores. The best performing Chinese milk vetch strain in this evaluation was m83xzh-1-4-4. For this strain, the total plant nitrogen, phosphorus and kalium nutrient accumulation, accumulation of phosphorus and kalium in the shoots and accumulation of nitrogen and kalium in the roots were highest among the18 strains tested and were 11.00 mg·pot-1, 145.18 mg·pot-1, 22.15 mg·pot-1 and 15.27 mg·pot-1, respectively. The herbage fresh yield of m83xzh-1-4-4 was 44.63 g·pot-1 and ranked second among the 18 strains tested. This study provides technical data which may be useful in future breeding work to develop new milk vetch varieties. © 2022, Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

不同发酵方式和保存方法对3种生防菌活菌量的影响

为明确3株优良生防菌SC11、153、FO47在不同发酵方法和保存条件下活菌量变化规律,采用活菌平板计数法,测定3种生防菌12个月内活菌量变化及3种生防菌粉剂发酵初期和12月保存期后对茄子黄萎病的温室盆栽防效。结果表明,SC11、153和FO47菌粉于4℃密封保存12个月后活菌量与其初始活菌量差异不显著(P0.05);FO47菌粉在4℃保存12个月后活菌量高于初始活菌量(P0.05);3种生防菌发酵液初始活菌量较菌粉低1~2个数量级,在保存期60d内活菌量急剧下降,第6个月时接近于0。3种生防菌粉存放12个月后对茄子黄萎病仍保持较高的抑菌活性。说明,固体发酵菌粉可以得到较高数量级的初始活菌量,3种生防菌菌粉4℃密封保存12个月后活菌量及抑菌活性不变,且FO47菌粉活菌量略有上升;发酵液不利于生防菌的长期保存。