Growth and leaf chemistry of Atriplex species from Northern Mexico as affected by salt stress

Atriplex species are tolerant to salinity and water stress and thus they are suitable for restoration of many degraded ecosystems. In addition, many Atriplex species offer good value as forages. We compared growth and leaf chemistry of Atriplex canescens, a well-known halophyte, and A. acanthocarpa, a poorly-studied species, as affected by salinity in a greenhouse study. Seeds and soil were collected in northern Mexico, the native range of these species. Plants were grown in pots containing native soil and irrigated with NaCl solutions of 0, 50, and 100 mM. Shoot growth of A. canescens declined 37% as NaCl treatments increased from 0 to 100 mM while shoot growth of A acanthocarpa was not significantly affected by salinity. The high salt tolerance of A. acanthocarpa was linked to a high accumulation of leaf sodium (Na) (7- to 13-fold higher than A. canescens). A. acanthocarpa had also higher growth rate than A. canescenes, making the former species a good candidate for cultivation, especially under saline conditions. Tissue concentration of potassium (K) in both species was minimally affected by the salinity treatments. Leaf nitrogen (N) concentration increased as plants faced higher salinity treatments, especially in A. canescens. The high salt tolerance and higher Na accumulation of A. acanthocarpa make this species an attractive choice for reclamation of saline areas. We suggest A. acanthocarpa should be explored as viable forage for cultivation and for reclamation of degraded areas just as A. canescens has been throughout the world.     

新疆高盐农业污水回用研究

对新疆盐碱地排碱渠渠水、水渠水、井水和塔里木河水水样进行了分析:其总盐量分别为12 915、11 352、9 980、1 421mg/L,根据水质评价标准当地水样主要有害盐分离子为Na+、Cl-,除塔里木河水外其他水样含盐量均严重超过了农业灌溉用水标准,未经任何处理的高盐农业废水对地下水体和公共水体都造成了一定的盐污染。对比分析各种水除盐方法,初步讨论采用价格低廉且具有良好选择吸附性能的钙基膨润土作为吸附剂对3号水样(水渠水:盐度为11 352mg/L)进行除盐。在固定温度50℃、搅拌速度为0.75m/s、吸附剂用量为5g(每100mL水样),搅拌1h后静置1d,总盐量降幅为23%,Na+浓度降幅为32%。此实验结果对高盐农业废水的再利用具有重要参考价值。     

八棱海棠耐盐碱性评价

为探明八棱海棠的耐盐碱性种质资源价值,以实生苗为试材,采用水培的方法评价了八棱海棠耐盐性和耐碱性.结果表明:1)0.4％ NaCI处理30 d时,八棱海棠的盐害指数为51.1,根据耐盐性评价标准判定为中等耐盐型树种;其实生个体间存在广泛的抗性分离现象,极强、强、中、弱和极弱耐盐型植株分别占群体总数的20.6％、23.9％、37.0％、12.0％和6.5％.2)pH9.5碱处理(Na2CO3)30 d时,八棱海棠的碱害指数为16.3,根据耐碱性评价标准判定为极强耐碱型树种;其实生个体间存在广泛的抗性分离现象,极强、强、中、弱和极弱耐碱型植株分别占群体总数的79.1％、15.3％、4.2％、1.4％和0％.八棱海棠中存在极强耐盐型和极强耐碱型植株,是优异的耐盐/碱型种质资源树种.     

盐角草对滴灌条件下积盐范围内盐分的影响

[目的]确定湿润峰、积盐范围及盐角草吸盐能力,控制积盐范围内盐分。[方法]以pH 7.9的水作为灌溉水源,在不同土壤初始含水率、土壤容重及滴头流量的条件下研究土壤湿润体的变化过程。[结果]盐角草吸走部分Na＋、Cl-抑制盐分,积盐范围内土深20cm处的总含盐量降低了0.12 g/kg。[结论]该研究可以为有效地控制滴灌条件下湿润锋边缘积累盐分提供依据。     

高盐度有机废水处理研究进展

海水直接利用后排放的废水以及制药和染料化工等工业废水，由于含盐量高，单一废水生物处理法具有一定的难度，本文结合高盐度有机废水的特点介绍了生物法与其他工艺组合以及电化学处理法处理此类废水的研究进展。     

焉耆盆地土壤盐渍化的光谱特征分析

土壤盐渍化是干旱区/半干旱区常见的一种土地退化现象,加强对土壤的盐渍化遥感调查和监测有利于盐渍土壤的改良和利用。高光谱波段众多、光谱信息丰富,在识别和定量演算盐渍土壤盐分含量上具有较大的优势。为了推进高光谱遥感数据在土壤盐渍化监测中的应用,本文以焉耆盆地部分地区为研究区域,通过野外调查以及实地测点,利用便携式光谱仪测量研究区域内不同盐渍程度的土壤光谱,分析土壤光谱曲线与土壤盐渍程度之间的关系,从而为今后的高光谱遥感的盐渍化监测打下基础。     

温度和盐度对横带髭鲷胚胎发育的影响

采用突变和渐变两种方法分别研究了温度和盐度对横带髭鲷胚胎发育的影响。结果表明:由渐变实验获得的胚胎发育温度、盐度范围均相应地比突变实验的结果宽;横带髭鲷胚胎发育适应的盐度范围比较宽,需要的温度比较高,通常在19℃以上;在适宜范围内,胚胎发育速度随着温度或盐度的升高而加快,低温、低盐是限制胚胎发育速度的主要因素。盐度对胚胎发育速度的影响远不及水温对其的影响大。     

干旱区大田膜下滴灌对土壤盐分的影响

为研究干旱区大田膜下滴灌土壤盐分运移特征,在新疆石河子炮台试验站进行连续4年的试验研究。结果表明,膜下滴灌条件下,边行盐分偏高,棵间土壤盐分上升;耕作层土壤盐分下降,耕作层以下则增加,但由于滴灌灌水频繁,作物根系分布层内(0～40cm)土壤盐分始终处于较低值;利用膜下滴灌可以明显降低盐荒地土壤盐分,加速盐荒地改良和弃耕地的收复。     

盐度突变对凡纳滨对虾组织碳酸酐酶活性的影响

采用改进的△pH法检测凡纳滨对虾组织碳酸酐酶活性,监测了环境盐度从5突变到25后对虾鳃和触角腺组织碳酸酐酶活性及其血淋巴渗透浓度的动态变化。结果表明:(1)鳃组织碳酸酐酶活性在盐度突变后4 d内没有显著变化,活性水平在(21.68±1.25)μmol CO2/(mg.min),第5~11天有显著性的增高现象,在第10天活性最高,为(43.03±2.82)μmol CO2/(mg.min),第12天回落至起始水平;(2)触角腺碳酸酐酶活性动态变化的模式与鳃相似,起始增高时间比鳃晚6 d;(3)触角腺碳酸酐酶活性显著增高起始的时间与鳃组织碳酸酐酶活性开始显著下降的时间有关联性;(4)在低盐度时,凡纳滨对虾属于强高渗调变生物。     

Applying a salinity response function and zoning saline land for three ifeld crops：a case study in the Hetao Irrigation District,Inner Mongolia,China

Salinity is one of the major abiotic factors affecting the growth and productivity of crops in Hetao Irrigation District, China. In this study, the salinity tolerances of three local crops, wheat (Trit...