盐胁迫对黄蜀葵生长及金丝桃苷含量的影响

通过种子萌发试验和盆栽试验,探讨了盐胁迫对黄蜀葵种子发芽、生长发育、植株体内离子分布以及金丝桃苷含量的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫对黄蜀葵种子萌发有一定的抑制作用,随着盐浓度的增加,其发芽率呈下降趋势;低浓度NaCl胁迫有利于黄蜀葵生长,其中,0.3%的NaCl处理下生长发育较好;盐处理后,黄蜀葵根中Na+和K+含量显著高于茎与叶,Ca2+含量、K+/Na+和Ca2+/Na+值显著低于茎与叶;随NaCl浓度提高,根中Na+含量逐渐增加,各个器官中Ca2+和K+含量均呈上升趋势。盐胁迫对黄蜀葵花冠中金丝桃苷含量影响显著,当NaCl浓度为0.3%时,金丝桃苷含量达到最高,但当NaCl浓度为0.7%时,金丝桃苷含量急剧下降。认为黄蜀葵为耐盐植物,适度的盐胁迫可以提高黄蜀葵花冠中金丝桃苷的含量。     

土壤水分胁迫对生菜幼苗部分生理指标的影响

选取生长势一致的生菜幼苗进行4种不同的土壤水分处理,测定叶片中叶绿素、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、丙二醛含量。结果表明,随着土壤水分胁迫程度的加剧,幼苗叶片中的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素总含量与对照相比均显著减少;干旱胁迫处理第16天时,完全不浇水处理的脯氨酸含量(2.61μg/g)为对照处理脯氨酸含量(1.70μg/g)的1.53倍,完全不浇水处理可溶性糖含量(13620.53μg/g)为对照处理的(5 883.06μg/g)的2.32倍,丙二醛含量也显著增加。     

ASR蛋白与植物的抗逆性研究进展

 ASR蛋白（the abscisic acid,stress,ripening protein）是生物体中广泛存在的一类与渗透调节有关的家族蛋白,植物受到逆境胁迫（如干旱、低温、盐胁迫、ABA等）后,ASR蛋白大量表达,可以减轻逆境引起的伤害。ASR蛋白在细胞中可以稳定细胞膜结构,作为分子伴侣,具有结合离子和防止氧化等作用,被认为是在胁迫过程中对植物起保护作用的物质之一。针对这些重要特性,综述了ASR蛋白分类、结构和编码基因及其表达调控方式及ASR基因表达、ASR蛋白积累与植物抗逆性的关系等方面的研究进展。     

钙胁迫对大白菜幼苗生长的影响

为了明确钙胁迫对大白菜幼苗生长的影响,选取6份对钙胁迫敏感性不同的大白菜材料10S04、10S10、10S36、10S157、10S237和10S327,采用珍珠岩沙培法,分别浇施含有不同钙量的混合Hoagland营养液,营养液的钙供给量分别为苗期单株供给96mg、60mg、30mg和0mg。定期观察幼苗生长情况,在培养40d时测定幼苗地上部分与地下部分生长量。结果表明,在钙胁迫下,大白菜幼苗各部分生长均不同程度受到抑制,其根系受抑制程度较地上部分严重,幼苗叶片长度和宽度受抑制程度相似,叶片数受抑制作用不明显;随着钙胁迫增加,植株生长受到的抑制程度逐渐加强,在缺钙(0mg)胁迫下,根系鲜质量分别只有全钙(96mg)营养液下的13.7%~76.1%,30mg低钙胁迫条件下,根系鲜质量分别只有全钙营养液下的33.5%~89.6%;不同大白菜材料耐钙胁迫能力不同,在60mg钙胁迫下,10S04、10S10、10S36、10S157四份材料的根系均受到显著抑制,10S237在30mg钙胁迫下根系才受到显著抑制,而10S327在不同低钙水平间根系差异不显著,仅在缺钙条件下根系受到显著抑制,说明10S327对钙胁迫不敏感,且耐钙胁迫能力最强。     

干旱胁迫对盆栽“川丹参1号”生理指标及主要活性成分含量的影响

采用聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）对盆栽“川丹参1号”（CDS-1）模拟长期干旱胁迫,研究干旱胁迫对其生长情况、生理指标及主要活性成分积累的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫显著降低CDS-1叶片中叶绿素含量,可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量随干旱程度增加呈上升趋势,干旱胁迫下丙二醛含量显著增加,抗氧化酶（SOD、POD和CAT）活性随干旱胁迫程度增加而增加。活性成分分析表明,干旱胁迫后CDS-1根中酚酸和丹参酮类含量均有所上升,迷迭香酸和丹酚酸A含量在PEG-6000浓度为150g/L时最高,分别为CK的145%和175%,丹参酮类含量在PEG-6000浓度为50g/L时最高,增幅超60%。CDS-1在干旱胁迫下表现出适应性变化,轻度和中度干旱胁迫（PEG-6000浓度为50~100g/L）有利于CDS-1中酚酸和丹参酮类活性成分的积累,在实际生产中可通过科学控水保证和提高丹参药材的品质。     

不同水分条件下小麦旗叶叶绿素a荧光参数与子粒灌浆速率

利用OS－30型叶绿素荧光分析仪研究水分胁迫对小麦旗叶叶绿素a荧光动力学参数的影响。结果表明，水分胁迫下旗叶的T1／2值减少，旗叶光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）原初光能转化效率（Fv/Fm)和潜在活性（Fv/Fo)降低，光合作用的潜在活力降低，这些参数下降影响了光合电子的传递和CO2同化的正常进行，表现在可变荧光淬灭速率减慢，可变荧光下降比值减小。同时还讨论了水分胁迫对灌浆速率的影响。     

Effects of road transportation on metabolic and immunological responses in Holstein heifers

This study examined the effects of road transportation on metabolic and immunological responses in dairy heifers. Twenty Holstein heifers in early pregnancy were divided into non‐transported (NT; n = 7) and transported (T; n = 13) groups. Blood was collected before transportation (BT), immediately after transportation for 100 km (T1) and 200 km (T2), and 24 h after transportation (AT). The T heifers had higher (P < 0.05) blood cortisol and non‐esterified fatty acid concentrations after T1 and T2 than did NT heifers. By contrast, the T heifers had lower (P < 0.05) serum triglyceride concentrations after T1 and T2 than had the NT heifers. The serum cortisol and triglyceride concentrations returned (P > 0.05) to the BT concentrations at 24 h AT in the T heifers. The granulocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and the percentage of monocytes were higher (P < 0.05) after T2 in the T heifers than in the NT heifers, suggesting that transportation stress increased the numbers of innate immune cells. T heifers had higher (P < 0.01) plasma haptoglobin concentrations than NT heifers 24 h AT. In conclusion, transportation increased cortisol secretion and was correlated with increased metabolic responses and up‐regulation of peripheral innate immune cells in dairy heifers.     

短期高温下6个品种甜樱桃幼苗耐热性比较

为对不同品种甜樱桃耐热性进行比较,以6个品种甜樱桃幼苗为试材,通过模拟高温,探究高温胁迫下其叶片生理、叶绿素荧光指标变化,结合相关性分析、主成分分析等对其耐热性综合评价,并通过逐步回归模型的建立筛选出甜樱桃耐热生理评价指标。结果表明,6个品种甜樱桃幼苗在高温胁迫后抗氧化酶、渗透调节物质等生理指标变化有所不同,叶绿素荧光参数PSⅡ 最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、表观电子传递速率(ETR)3个参数值均显著下降,除4号甜樱桃品种NPQ值显著升高外,其余品种NPQ 值均呈下降趋势。6个品种甜樱桃幼苗的耐热综合性排名为 ‘红蜜’＞‘桑提娜’＞‘早大果’＞‘雷尼’＞‘拉宾斯’＞‘布鲁克斯’,基于多元回归模型建立筛选出过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、脯氨酸含量、Fv/Fo 4个指标可高效、准确地对甜樱桃耐热性进行评价。本研究为甜樱桃耐热性评价体系建立及耐热性品种选育提供参考,为今后南方地区甜樱桃耐高温品种（系）进一步育种工作奠定理论基础。     

Ten consecutive years of regulated deficit irrigation probe the sustainability and profitability of this water saving strategy in loquat

The successful application of postharvest regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) over ten consecutive years (from season 1999/2000 to season 2007/2008) confirms the sustainability of this strategy for producing ‘Algerie’ loquat. Postharvest RDI consisting in a reduction of watering (between 45 and 80% depending on the season) from early June until the end of August, improved loquat profitability by increasing fruit value and by reducing water consumption with respect to fully irrigated trees (control). The increase in fruit value in RDI trees was due to a consistent improvement in harvest earliness as a result of an earlier blooming. Water savings of around 20% did not diminish yield nor fruit quality. Water use efficiency in RDI trees rose by over 30%. Water productivity reached 9.5 € m⁻³ of water applied in RDI trees versus 6.6 € m⁻³ in control trees. The most noticeable effect of RDI on vegetative growth was a significant and progressive decline in trunk growth. The canopy volume seems to be strongly influenced by pruning and no significant effects were detected in this parameter. Our results confirm the suitability of RDI in loquat and the economic benefits of saving water during the summer.     

盐度变化对锯缘青蟹Scylla serrata免疫因子的胁迫影响

在实验室条件下测定了在盐度5.0,10.0,17.5,25.0,35.0胁迫0,12,24,48,72和96 h,锯缘青蟹血细胞总数(THC)、血细胞吞噬能力及其血清中溶菌酶(LZM)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、过氧化物酶(POD)、酚氧化酶(PO)、溶血素等免疫相关因子的活力变化。结果表明：各梯度盐度胁迫下THC明显下降,其他免疫指标均在12至24 h出现一个峰值变化,而后趋于平稳。在12 h盐度5.0和35.0组吞噬百分比(PP)、吞噬指数(PI)值高于对照组,盐度10.0和25.0组的LZM,PO活力显著高于对照组,除盐度5.0组以外的ACK,APK活力均高于对照组;POD、溶血素活力在盐度10.0和25.0组显示随时间的延续而增高,分别在72和24 h达到最大值,且极显著高于对照组;SOD的变化不显著。说明盐度突变对锯缘青蟹各相关免疫因子均有影响,低浓度短时间的盐度胁迫能引起应激反应,适当提高其免疫力,而大幅度长时间的盐度胁迫可显著影响锯缘青蟹的抗病力。