试析农产品健康与环境安全的几个问题

本文对影响农产品健康与环境安全的环境、农药、肥料、质量标准问题的当前状况进行了剖析,提出了一些新的疑点、难点和加以研究解决的途径。     

几种植物源提制品对鱼的毒性与安全性评价

为全面评价几种植物源提制品的安全性,采用半静态法测定了其对红鲫鱼的急性毒性。78%川楝素、2.5%楝树粗提粉、0.5%川楝素乳油对红鲫鱼的LC50(96 h)分别为1 417、30.59和37.52 mg/L;95%鬼臼毒素、1.5%砂地柏乙醇浸膏、0.75%鬼臼毒素乳油对红鲫鱼的LC 50(96 h)分别为161.6、4.49和8.15 mg/L。根据LC50(96 h)值的大小划分等级,川楝素、鬼臼毒素和0.5%川楝素乳油对鱼类属于低毒;0.75%鬼臼毒素乳油属于中毒。就鱼类安全性而言,0.5%川楝素乳油的安全使用浓度为3.75 mg/L,0.75%鬼臼毒素乳油的安全使用浓度为0.82 mg/L。     

资源安全:值得农区畜牧业关注的问题

农区畜牧业发展至今,受益于粮食资源优势,而同时饲料不足造成的资源约束不期而至,正在由可能变成现实,资源安全成为农区畜牧来持续发展值得关注的问题。对此,应重视饲料资源的保护和开发,合理调整农业结构、对种植业进行内部改造或外部扩展、实施小麦饲料替代、重视和引导农户家庭养殖模式发展。     

以减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌运送的H5亚型禽流感病毒DNA疫苗的安全性与免疫效力

将运送 H5亚型高致病力禽流感病毒 DNA疫苗的重组减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 X4 5 5 0 (p VAX1- HA)和 X4 5 5 0 (asd-p VAX1- HA )以 1× 10 1 0 CFU的剂量腹腔注射 1日龄 SPF白莱航雏鸡 ,结果表明 ,二者均具有良好的安全性。对 SPF白莱航鸡的免疫原性试验结果表明 ,这 2种细菌均能刺激鸡体产生高水平的肠道粘膜免疫应答 ,但是不能有效地激发血清抗体应答。对商品代伊莎褐蛋鸡的免疫效力试验初步结果显示 ,X4 5 5 0 (asd- p VAX1- HA)免疫鸡能够抵抗强毒的攻击 ,保护指数为 77.8% ,而 X4 5 5 0 (p VAX1- HA)则未产生免疫保护     

转基因昆虫在害虫防治上的应用前景

对转基因昆虫的发展历史,转基因昆虫的技术要点,特别是载体和标记基因进行了系统阐述,同时对转基因昆虫的应用方向和生物安全性及其管理做了简要介绍。     

THE ROLE OF PROTECTIVE LEAD CLOTHING IN REDUCING RADIATION EXPOSURE RATES TO PERSONNEL DURING EQUINE BONE SCINTIGRAPHY

Bone scintigraphy is often used in horses because of its sensitivity and noninvasive nature. A 99mTc labeled radiopharmaceutical is injected at a dose of between 5.7 and 7.3GBq. Images are acquired immediately postinjection and 2-4h post. People are often in the room with the horse during the acquisition process. Objectives of this study were to (a) document the radiation exposure rates at different distances from various sites of the horse at varying times post injection and (b) study the usefulness of wearing lead aprons to reduce exposure rates to personnel. Radiation exposure rates were measured in at three distances (at skin surface and at 30 and 100 cm from the skin) from three sites (shoulder, thorax, and pelvis) in 19 horses. Exposure rates were measured with and without shielding by a 0.5-mm lead equivalent apron during both the pool and delayed phases. A 0.5mm equivalent lead apron significantly decreases radiation exposure (P<0.05) at these three distances from the three sites during both image acquisition phases. Mean dose reduction factors from the lead apron range from 3.6 to 5.7.     

一次性除草剂新禾葆(杀·苄)的研究

和除草剂单剂的理论等效线相比,杀草丹和苄嘧磺隆混用的增效值高达４．３倍,增效作用显著。新禾葆热贮处理的稳定性良好,其有效成分杀草丹的分解率为０,苄嘧磺隆的分解率为７．７％。新禾葆防除稗草［Ｅｃｈｉｎｏｃｈｏｌａｇｒａｓ－ｇａｌｉ（Ｌ．）Ｂｅａｕｖ］和千金子［Ｌｅｐｔｏｃｈｌｏａｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｌ．）Ｎｅｓｓ］特效,且对水稻安全。     

早稻抛秧田一次性化学除草效果试验

本文介绍了应用３５％丁苄可湿性粉剂、５０％杀稗王加１０％苄黄隆超微可湿性粉剂与泥土混合撒施对早稻抛秧田杂草的防除效果、安全性和增产作用。试验结果表明：在水稻抛栽后５ｄ施丁苄１２０ｇ、１５０ｇ以及在抛栽后７ｄ施杀稗王３０ｇ加苄黄隆１５ｇ对早稻抛秧田的主要杂草如稗草、莎草、鸭舌草、节节菜和矮慈姑等均有显著的防效，其总体防治效果可分别达到９６．１２％、９７．１３％和９８．７３％，且对水稻生长无不良影响，保产作用明显     

食品安全问题与恩格尔质量系数

食品安全已成为社会关注的突出问题,消费者对食品的要求已由数量提升到质量.传统恩格尔系数弊端是,食品支出中仅反映人们对食品消费的数量要求而非质量要求.恩格尔质量系数的提出弥补了这一不足,并与传统恩格尔系数结合,共同对人们生活水平做出准确评价.