Reserve effect of a small North-East Atlantic marine protected area (Arrábida,Portugal) on soft-sediment fish species

1. The implementation of marine protected areas (MPAs) has been widely used as a tool to manage and conserve marine resources and services. Yet, to date, the reserve effect is still weakly evaluated, particularly for soft-sediment habitats.
2. The Arrábida MPA, considered as a biodiversity hotspot, was fully established in 2009 on the west coast of Portugal and is characterized by large expanses of soft-sediment habitats. This MPA was established to protect biodiversity and to ensure the livelihood of the local small-scale fisheries community.
3. Beyond before–after-control–impact (BACI) analyses were carried out on catch data (abundance and biomass) of 351 trammel net sets from experimental fishing campaigns (2007–2019) to study the reserve effect on demersal fish populations.
4. The results show a declining trend in abundance inside and outside the protected area, with significant positive effects only found for undersize commercial species and Solea senegalensis, and a general increase in fish species total length. Despite the lack of any obvious reserve effect, the increase in fish length can be considered as a first sign.
5. Anthropogenic pressures are generalized around the area, and transgressions of the restrictions are frequently observed inside the no-take zone. These can, among other aspects, delay or prevent the expected reserve effects. Therefore, enforcement and/or modification of the spatial plan must be incentivized to achieve the goals of the MPA.

     

新农村建设背景下的文学创作思考

20世纪末以来的农村题材文学创作在取得巨大成就的同时,也面临着诸多困惑,在社会主义新农村建设中要想发挥文学的作用,作家必须深入农村生活,调整创作思路,把农村鲜活的社会生活及农民的精神面貌以全新的理念、崭新的样式表现出来。     

降低农村电网线损的措施

从改善电力网络功率分布、合理安排经济运行方式、加强农村电网改造等角度,论述了降低技术线损的措施;从制定线损指标计划、加强计量管理和抄收管理、建立管理线损考核制度和约束机制等方面入手,提出降低管理线损的具体措施。     

乡村振兴背景下徽州传统村落建设发展路径探究

徽州传统村落现状发展模式可分为自然资源型、企业带动型、旅游产业型、文化带动型、混合产业型等。应遵循原真性、整体性、动态性、时序性等原则,针对不同类型的传统村落提出综合的建设发展路径。通过确定保护发展原则、保护遗产资源、挖掘传统文化、活化利用空间、完善产业结构、编制聚集区规划、各个保护主体良性互动等路径,为乡村振兴战略背景下的徽州传统村落建设发展提供参考。     

Spatially explicit fisheries simulation models for policy evaluation

This paper deals with the design of modelling tools suitable for investigating the consequences of alternative policies on the dynamics of resources and fisheries, such as the evaluation of marine protected areas (MPA). We first review the numerous models that have been developed for this purpose, and compare them from several standpoints: population modelling, exploitation modelling and management measure modelling. We then present a generic fisheries simulation model, Integration of Spatial Information for FISHeries simulation (ISIS‐Fish). This spatially explicit model allows quantitative policy screening for fisheries with mixed‐species harvests. It may be used to investigate the effects of combined management scenarios including a variety of policies: total allowable catch (TAC), licenses, gear restrictions, MPA, etc. Fisher's response to management may be accounted for by means of decision rules conditioned on population and exploitation parameters. An application to a simple example illustrates the relevance of this kind of tool for policy screening, particularly in the case of mixed fisheries. Finally, the reviewed models and ISIS‐Fish are discussed and confronted in the light of the underlying assumptions and model objectives. In the light of this discussion, we identify desirable features for fisheries simulation models aimed at policy evaluation, and particularly MPA evaluation.     

厦门贝类养殖区沉积物中重金属的污染水平及其潜在生态危害

根据2005年4月和10月厦门贝类养殖区环境调查资料,着重对贝类养殖区表层沉积物中重金属的含量水平进行分析,并对贝类养殖区的表层沉积物进行质量评价及潜在生态危害评价.结果表明:厦门贝类养殖区沉积物中Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Hg、As的平均含量分别为20.0mg.kg-1,39.5mg.kg-1,0.07mg.kg-1,97.3mg.kg-1,0.05mg.kg-1,7.20mg.kg-1.其中同安湾北部和湾顶养殖区及西海域的杏林、东山养殖区,6种元素的含量均较高;位于同安湾的刘五店、澳头养殖区,含量均较低.沉积物质量评价结果表明,贝类养殖区沉积物中重金属的含量符合第一类海洋沉积物质量标准,属于较清洁水平.Hg、As和Cd的潜在生态危害系数大于Cu、Pb、Zn,整个养殖区沉积物中重金属为轻微生态危害,养殖环境良好.     

Selecting and ranking areas for conservation of Aegla (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) in southern South America integrating biogeography,phylogeny and assessments of extinction risk

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桥头堡战略下的统筹城乡发展治理体系和治理能力的现代化——以云南省城乡发展一体化“蝴蝶效应”为例

城乡发展一体化是实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要环节.统筹城乡发展,就是要充分发挥工业、城市、市民对农业、农村、农民相互联系、相互依赖、相互补充、相互促进的辐射和带动作用,把工业和农业、城市和农村、市民和农民作为一个有机统一的整体,实现工农一体化、城乡一体化、农民市民一体化的有机统一.通过分析统筹城乡发展的体制机制的有机统一,讨论了增强云南省统筹城乡发展的能力的政策建议,展示了桥头堡战略下城乡发展一体化“蝴蝶效应”布局规划.     

Estimating fishery effects in a marine protected area: Lamlash Bay

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Empowering high seas governance with satellite vessel tracking data

Between 1950 and 1989, marine fisheries catch in the open‐ocean and deep‐sea beyond 200 nautical miles from shore increased by a factor of more than 10. While high seas catches have since plateaued, fishing effort continues to increase linearly. The combination of increasing effort and illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing has led to overfishing of target stocks and declines in biodiversity. To improve management, there have been numerous calls to increase monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS). However, MCS has been unevenly implemented, undermining efforts to sustainably use high seas and straddling stocks and protect associated species and ecosystems. The United Nations General Assembly is currently negotiating a new international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). The new treaty offers an excellent opportunity to address discrepancies in how MCS is applied across regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs). This paper identifies ways that automatic identification system (AIS) data can inform MCS on the high seas and thereby enhance conservation and management of biodiversity beyond national jurisdictions. AIS data can be used to (i) identify gaps in governance to underpin the importance of a holistic scope for the new agreement; (ii) monitor area‐based management tools; and (iii) increase the capacity of countries and RFMOs to manage via the technology transfer. Any new BBNJ treaty should emphasize MCS and the role of electronic monitoring including the use of AIS data, as well as government–industry–civil society partnerships to ensure critically important technology transfer and capacity building.