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排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
生草栽培果园根系生长动态研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过对金太阳杏生草(紫花苜蓿)栽培与生长动态的研究表明,金太阳杏新根在1年中有2次明显的生长高峰,1次是在3~4月,占全年的37%以上,第二次在6月中下旬至7月上旬。而紫花苜蓿主要在7月中旬以后,两者在时间尺度也存在有差异,根据金太阳杏新根周年变化特点,掌握2个时期,即3月中旬和6月上中旬。 相似文献
102.
"退耕还林(草)"工程的有效实施,导致黄土高原植被迅速恢复,势必会引起植物根系和土壤理化性质变化,影响根—土复合体抗剪强度。为探究植被恢复年限对根—土复合体抗剪强度的潜在影响,在陕西省安塞区纸坊沟小流域选择6个不同退耕年限(5,12,20,27,37,46年)的撂荒地和1个坡耕地,进行不同土层深度(0—10,10—20,20—30,30—40,40—50 cm)根—土复合体原位剪切试验,同时测定根系特性和土壤理化性质。结果表明,随着退耕年限增加,0—50 cm土层根—土复合体抗剪强度均值呈"S"形增大趋势(51.80~124.01 J/m~2),与坡耕地相比,抗剪强度依次增加2.5%,54.6%,48.7%,86.5%,139.4%和129.3%。除坡耕地外,随着土层深度增加,根系密度明显减少,根—土复合体抗剪强度逐渐下降。根—土复合体抗剪强度与土壤有机质含量、根长密度和根质量密度呈对数正相关关系,与团聚体稳定性和有效根密度呈线性正相关关系。通径分析表明,团聚体稳定性、根质量密度和有机质含量是影响根—土复合体抗剪强度的关键因素。研究结果为评估植被恢复的水土保持效益及生态服务功能、揭示根—土复合体抗剪强度随退耕年限变化的动力机制提供理论基础。 相似文献
103.
植物根系对土壤团聚体形成作用机制研究回顾 总被引:9,自引:7,他引:9
土壤团聚体是土壤结构的基本单元,土壤水力侵蚀的微观描述即为土壤团聚体的破裂过程。研究表明:植物根系可以改变土壤的力学以及水文特征,促进土壤团聚体的形成和稳定。因此,对近20年国内外的相关研究成果进行较为系统的回顾,从根系对土壤团聚体的物理、生物、电化学作用3个研究视角,分析了植物根系对土壤团聚体形成的作用机制,提出了现有研究中存在的问题及研究趋势,这对深入认识植物根系对土壤团聚体的影响及其作用机制、发展根-土相互作用的土壤侵蚀过程模型具有重要的意义。 相似文献
104.
The availability of nitrogen (N) contained in crop residues for a following crop may vary with cultivar, depending on root traits and the interaction between roots and soil. We used a pot experiment to investigate the effects of six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (three old varieties introduced before mid last century and three modern varieties) and N fertilization on the ability of wheat to acquire N from maize (Zea mays L.) straw added to soil. Wheat was grown in a soil where 15N‐labeled maize straw had been incorporated with or without N fertilization. Higher grain yield in three modern and one old cultivar was ascribed to preferred allocation of photosynthate to aboveground plant parts and from vegetative organs to grains. Root biomass, root length density and root surface area were all smaller in modern than in old cultivars at both anthesis and maturity. Root mean diameter was generally similar between modern and old cultivars at anthesis but was greater in modern than in old cultivars at maturity. There were cultivar differences in N uptake from incorporated maize straw and the other N sources (soil and fertilizer). However, these differences were not related to variation in the measured root parameters among the six cultivars. At anthesis, total N uptake efficiencies by roots (total N uptake per root weight or root length) were greater in modern than in old cultivars within each fertilization level. At maturity, averaged over fertilization levels, the total N uptake efficiencies by roots were 292?336 mg N g?1 roots or 3.2?4.0 mg N m?1 roots for three modern cultivars, in contrast to 132?213 mg N g?1 roots or 0.93?1.6 mg N m?1 roots for three old cultivars. Fertilization enhanced the utilization of N from maize straw by all cultivars, but root N uptake efficiencies were less affected. We concluded that modern spring wheat cultivars had higher root N uptake efficiency than old cultivars. 相似文献
105.
植物根系是土壤结构以及土壤水力参数变化的重要影响要素。目前不仅缺乏定量描述“根-孔隙-土壤水力参数”相互作用的研究方法,在更大尺度上根系作用的客观表达也尚不明确,由此导致降雨入渗、径流和蒸发等流域水文过程的精细刻画与模拟预测具有很大的不确定性。基于文献检索,本文对国内外相关研究进行了回顾与梳理,量化了植物根系对土壤水力参数的改变和影响,并提出其与植被、土壤类型的响应方式,总结了植物根系动态性生长下的土壤水力参数定量表述及其预测模型进展。同时分析了在定量研究根-土复合系统中存在的问题及未来研究的发展方向,指出目前根系影响土壤水力参数的研究主要集中在小尺度控制实验方面,忽略了大尺度下土壤空间异质性及外部环境因素的干扰,强调大尺度根系作用和根系参数纳入土壤结构的重要性和实际意义,进一步与水文模型的深度耦合逐渐成为未来研究的热点。 相似文献
106.
Sanae El Maaloum Alae Elabed Zainab El Alaoui-Talibi Abdelilah Meddich Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf Allal Douira 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2020,51(5):622-634
ABSTRACTThe exploitation of phosphate mines generates an important quantity of phosphate sludge that remains accumulated and not valorized. In this context, composting with organic matter and rhizospheric microorganisms offers an interesting alternative and that is more sustainable for agriculture. This work aims to investigate the synergetic effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and phospho-compost (PC), produced from phosphate-laundered sludge and organic wastes, and their combination on plant growth, phosphorus solubilization and phosphatase activities (alkaline and acid). Inoculated mycorrhizae and bacteria strains used in this study were selected from plant rhizosphere grown on phosphate-laundered sludge. Significant (p < .05) increases in plant growth was observed when inoculated with both consortia and PC (PC+ PSB+ AMF) similar to those recorded in plants amended with chemical fertilizer. Tripartite inoculated tomato had a significantly (p < .05) higher shoot height; shoot and root dry weight, root colonization and available P content, than the control. Co-inoculation with PC and AMF greatly increased alkaline phosphatase activity and the rate of mycorrhizal intensity. We conclude that PC and endophytic AMF and PSB consortia contribute to a tripartite inoculation in tomato seedlings and are coordinately involved in plant growth and phosphorus solubilization. These results open up promising prospects for using formulate phospho-compost enriched with phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) in crop cultivation as biofertilizers to solve problems of phosphate-laundered sludge accumulation. 相似文献
107.
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109.
Climatic changes and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations will affect crop growth and production in the near future. Rising CO2 concentration is a novel environmental aspect that should be considered when projections for future agricultural productivity are made. In addition to a reducing effect on stomatal conductance and crop transpiration, elevated CO2 concentration can stimulate crop production. The magnitude of this stimulatory effect (‘CO2 fertilization’) is subject of discussion. In this study, different calculation procedures of the generic crop model AquaCrop based on a foregoing theoretical framework and a meta-analysis of field responses, respectively, were evaluated against experimental data of free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) environments. A flexible response of the water productivity parameter of the model to CO2 concentration was introduced as the best option to consider crop sink strength and responsiveness to CO2. By varying the response factor, differences in crop sink capacity and trends in breeding and management, which alter crop responsiveness, can be addressed. Projections of maize (Zea mays L.) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production reflecting the differences in responsiveness were simulated for future time horizons when elevated CO2 concentrations and climatic changes are expected. Variation in future yield potential associated with sink strength could be as high as 27% of the total production. Thus, taking into account crop sink strength and variation in responsiveness is equally relevant to considering climatic changes and elevated CO2 concentration when assessing future crop production. Indicative values representing the crop responsiveness to elevated CO2 concentration were proposed for all crops currently available in the database of AquaCrop as a first step in reducing part of the uncertainty involved in modeling future agricultural production. 相似文献
110.