安徽省农业气象灾害时间分布特征与灰色关联分析

为了探寻安徽省农业气象灾害的分布特点以及各种气象灾害对粮食生产的影响,本研究基于安徽省1992—2012年有关气象灾害数据,对4种主要气象灾害(旱灾、水灾、风雹灾、霜冻灾)的分布特征进行统计分析,并采用灰色关联分析研究其对安徽省粮食单产的影响。结果表明:1992—2012年,安徽省气象灾害具有发生频率高、波动大的特点,但整体上呈下降趋势。旱灾和水灾是发生面积较大的气象灾害,且常在时间上交织、空间上并存。灰色关联分析表明,4种气象灾害对粮食产量影响顺序:风雹灾水灾旱灾霜冻灾,说明风雹灾是影响粮食产量最主要的气象灾害,其次是水灾、旱灾,霜冻灾影响较小。本研究可为安徽省防灾减灾措施的制定提供决策依据。     

龙口市一次强对流天气过程分析

本文利用常规高空资料、地面实况资料和雷达资料,从天气形势、物理量场和雷达回波变化特征等方面对2020年5月23日发生在龙口市的一次冰雹天气过程进行了分析。结果表明:此次降雹过程主要是在冷涡横槽和地面气旋的共同影响下发生的;充足的水汽条件,上干冷下暖湿的不稳定层结条件以及低层辐合、高层辐散动力条件是强对流天气产生的基础。可充分利用冰雹天气在雷达反射率和VIL图上的明显特征来做临近的预报预警服务。     

一株野生翘鳞香菇的培养特性研究

以野外采集分离的一株野生翘鳞香菇(Lentinus squarrosulus Mont.)为研究对象,探讨了培养基碳源、氮源、碳氮比、p H和温度对翘鳞香菇菌丝生长的影响,同时进行了人工驯化栽培。结果表明,翘鳞香菇的菌丝在生长过程中培养特性明显,培养基最适碳源是葡萄糖或麦芽糖,最适氮源是酵母浸膏,最适碳氮比是10∶1~20∶1,最适p H为5.5~6.0,最适生长温度是30℃左右。在此培养条件下,试验成功获得了翘鳞香菇的大型子实体。     

不同灌溉模式下小麦荧光特征及品种抗旱性研究

为探讨低平原区节水灌溉模式和筛选高产节水品种,在2014-2015和2015-2016两个小麦生长季,采用裂区试验,以5个灌溉模式(春季灌溉0、1、2、3和4水,分别用W_0～W_4表示)作为主处理,以3个当地主推冬小麦品种(衡观35、石4185和衡4399)作为副处理,研究了不同灌溉模式对小麦产量、叶绿素荧光特征参数、水分利用效率等的影响及荧光特征与品种抗旱性的关系。结果表明,随灌溉量和灌溉次数的增加,小麦产量非线性增加,但不同年份表现有所不同,2014-2015年以W_2处理产量最高,2015-2016年以W_4处理产量最高;灌溉提高了PSⅡ的潜在活性F_v/F_o和原初光能转化效率F_v/F_m,但F_o却降低。不同品种对灌水的反应特性不同,且存在年际间差异,两年平均产量以衡4399最高,石4185最低;随灌溉量的增加,衡4399和衡观35产量变化幅度较小,而石4185的产量变化幅度相对较大。从荧光特征参数看,石4185受水分胁迫的影响大,在灌浆后期,其不灌溉处理(W_0)的荧光参数F_o相对于灌溉处理的增加幅度高于衡4399和衡观35,但F_m、F_v/F_m和F_v/F_o在不灌溉情况下的降低幅度也相对较大,说明石4185的抗旱性差。从水分利用效率看,以W_2处理较好。因此在本试验条件下,衡4399和衡观35的增产潜力大,抗旱性好,春季灌2水可达到节水高产和水分利用效率提高的目的。     

Genotypic differences of maize in grain yield response to deficit irrigation

This study was undertaken to investigate genotypic differences of five maize cultivars in grain yield response to two different modes of deficit irrigation, conventional deficit irrigation and partial root zone irrigation. Three irrigation treatments were implemented: (1) FULL irrigation, the control treatment where plant water requirement, 100% Class-A pan evaporation, was fully met and the furrows on both sides of the plant rows were irrigated; (2) partial root zone irrigation (PRI), 35% deficit irrigation, compared to FULL treatment, was applied in every other furrow thus irrigating only one side of the plant rows. The furrows irrigated were alternated every irrigation; (3) conventional deficit irrigation (CDI), the same amount of water as PRI was applied in furrows on both sides of the plant rows, similar to FULL irrigation treatment. Five maize cultivars (P.31.G.98, P.3394, Rx:9292, Tector and Tietar) showing extreme growth response to water stress were selected out of ten cultivars tested with earlier completed greenhouse-pot experiment. A split-plot experimental design, comprising three irrigation treatments and five maize cultivars with four replicates, was used during two years of work, in 2005 and 2006. Total of nine irrigations, with one-week irrigation interval, were annually applied using a drip-irrigation system. Soil water status was monitored using a neutron moisture gauge, in addition to measuring leaf water potential and above-ground biomass production throughout the growing season. Grain yield and other yield attributes were measured at harvest as well as assessing differences in plant root distributions. Decrease in grain yield and harvest index of the tested cultivars, compared to FULL treatment, was proportionally less under PRI than CDI. Whether or not a significant yield advantage can be obtained under PRI compared to CDI showed significant (P < 0.05) genotypic variability. Tector and Tietar among the tested cultivars of maize showed significantly higher grain yield (P < 0.05) under PRI than CDI. The yield advantage of the genotypes (P.3394 and Tector) under PRI compared to CDI seems related to their enhanced root biomass developed under PRI.     

基于文献数据探析古代男性不育症用药特点

目的 通过整理、分析古代文献中古代医家治疗男性不育症所用方药,探讨古代治疗男性不育症用药特点。方法 收集古代文献治疗男性不育相关方剂93首,把方剂中所用中药录入Excel表格,进行频数频率统计,对高频次药物功效、归经的分布进行统计分析。结果 93首方剂共215味药物,药物的临床功效共20种;古代男性不育症的病机以虚证为主;其中使用频数在前22位的药物功效主要是补虚药、温里药、收涩药、利水渗湿药、安神药、活血化瘀药、攻毒杀虫止痒药、清热药,入肾药物占91.0%。结论 古代治疗男性不育症用药特点是以补虚药为主,同时攻补兼施、寒热并用、表里兼顾,注重调和阴阳气血平衡及补肾益精。     

自然坐果条件下白肉枇杷结果母枝性状对果实品质的影响

以晚熟白肉枇杷品种‘贵妃’为材料,研究不同结果母枝的性状对自然坐果和果实品质的影响,结果表明:在不疏果的情况下,梢长和叶片数是影响春梢果实穗重的主要生物学指标,其中梢长是影响夏梢果实品质的主要生物学指标;叶片数是影响夏梢坐果的主要生物学指标.贵妃枇杷生产上采用不疏果的栽培措施,若以春梢作为结果母枝,宜选择粗度大于0.9 cm、长度大于20 cm、叶片数为15～19的枝条;以夏梢作为结果母枝,则宜选择粗度大于0.7cm、长度大于30 cm、叶片数大于20的枝条.探讨不疏果条件下白肉枇杷贵妃的果实品质,认为运用贵妃的优良性状,辅以选用优良结果母枝,贵妃枇杷不采用疏果技术而生产优质果的栽培模式是可行的.     

薇甘菊的分布危害、生物防治及资源化利用研究现状与展望

薇甘菊作为唯一一种全国林业检疫有害植物,由于其较强的攀援、繁殖扩散能力,以及极强的化感作用,对入侵地区的林农业发展产生了极大的危害;作为一种菊科植物薇甘菊有极强的资源化利用价值,在生物农药,药物等方面都有着广泛的利用前景。此文对薇甘菊的生物学特性、分布、适生区及危害进行介绍,对国内外薇甘菊生物防治及资源化利用的研究现状进行综述。     

Carob pods (Ceratonia siliqua L.) improve growth performance,antioxidant status and caecal characteristics in growing rabbits

The objective of this study was to evaluate carob pods and their effect on growth performance, antioxidant activities, carcass and caecal characteristics and equilibrium modification of the caecal microbiota population of growing NZW rabbits. Eighty weaned rabbits (initial body weight: 625.00 ± 26.46 g) were randomly allocated into four dietary groups of 20 rabbits each until 90 days of age. Dietary groups were as follows: C (basal diet with no supplementation), CP1 (basal diet + 2.5% carob pods), CP2 (basal diet + 5% carob pods) and CP3 (basal diet + 10% carob pods). Rabbits given the CP2 diet had significantly higher daily and final body weights compared with the other experimental groups. The increase in inclusion rate of carob pods significantly decreased feed intake, whereas carob pods at 5% in the CP2 group recorded the best value of feed conversion ratio. Rabbits in the CP3 group showed the worst slaughter weight and carcass dressing percentage weight. No significant effect was found on meat protein and ash contents. Cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein, high‐density lipoprotein and triglycerides decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in rabbits treated with carob pods compared with the control. Because of high content of the antioxidant compounds in CP2 and CP3 groups, the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S‐transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase increased, whereas the concentration of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance decreased significantly. Rabbits given the CP2 diet had a significantly higher volatile fatty acid concentration and a lower pH in content of the caecum compared to the other groups. The data of microbial analysis for C group showed a significant increase in Escherichia coli and Clostridium counts. Lactobacillus and Bacillus counts increased significantly more in the CP2 and CP3 groups than in the other groups. In conclusion, 5% of carob pods in the diet stimulated the performance of growing rabbits, and thus, it has potential as an unconventional feed resource for rabbits without any adverse effects.     

Genome-wide identification of WOX gene family in apple and a functional analysis of MdWOX4b during adventitious root formation

The plant-specific WUSCHEL-related homeobox(WOX) genes are crucial for plant growth and development.Here,we systematically identified the MdWOX gene family in apple at the genome-wide level,and analyzed the phylogenetic relationships,conserved motifs,gene structure,and syntenic relationships of the MdWOX genes.A total of 18 MdWOX genes were identified and phylogenetic analysis placed them into three clades.The phylogenetic relationships among the WOXs were further supported by the analyses of ge...