地熊蜂为重庆地区设施番茄授粉的效果研究

为评价地熊蜂在重庆地区设施番茄的授粉效果,在重庆市荣昌区龙舌嘴村开展授粉效果比较试验,分析地熊蜂授粉对设施番茄产量、果实品质及畸形果率的影响。试验结果显示,经地熊蜂授粉的设施番茄平均产量为2 206.44 kg/667 m2,与未授粉组相比显著提高了104.95%,授粉组的单果质量、果纵径、果最大横径、可溶性固形物含量、VC含量及总糖含量显著高于未授粉组。由此,认为地熊蜂适宜为重庆地区设施番茄授粉,且能够显著提高重庆地区设施番茄的产量与品质。     

抗旱保水剂应用特性的实验研究

应用抗旱保水剂是近年来发展较快的一种非工程节水灌溉措施，在实际应用中，土、肥、水等多种因素对保水剂持水能力有很大影响。通过大量试验，对保水剂在各种应用条件下的持水特性进行了定性研究，提出了应用保水剂应注意的问题及若干建议。     

农业技术经济动态方法的适用性

农业技术经济学研究的根本目的是为了实现农业生产资源的优化配置,提高农业生产效率,发展农业生产,提高农民生活水平,保障社会对农产品的需求。净现值法和内部收益率法是农业技术经济分析中常用的两种动态方法,它们各有其优缺点和适用范围,为此对两方案进行应用上的比较,正确理解方法特点和经济含义,具有重要的实际意义。     

脉宽调制型变量喷雾系统雾量沉积分布

通过实验和理论分析建立了雾量分布模型,研究了雾量分布规律。研究表明:喷杆方向沉积变异系数在两喷头之间出现最低,而在两喷头正下方出现极高值;行驶方向的沉积变异系数沿着一定规律周期性变化,其周期与占空比相关;在相同压力的情况下,同一喷头的行驶方向及喷杆方向沉积变异系数的峰值均随着车速的提高而上升,随占空比的上升而下降;在研究范围内(40~60cm),变异系数的峰值随喷头高度的升高而降低;若车速和占空比均相同,110°扇形喷头的雾量分布较80°扇形喷头在时空方向上都更加均匀。     

韭菜生产中施肥量、播量与产量的相关关系张桂海 王明耀 王学颖 黄志辉 王长浩 田庆武 张钊

通过播种量与施肥量的组合试验,寻求韭菜合理的播种量的区间与最佳的施肥量,得到韭菜生产种子的播量范围为2.38kg /667㎡～3.00kg/667㎡。     

Characteristics of phosphorus uptake kinetics of poinsettia and marigold

In a previous experiment it has been found that maximum uptake rate (I_max), Michaelis constant (K_m), and minimum nutrient concentration (C_min) as plant physiological characteristics may be important for phosphorus (P) uptake in peat-substrate. Thus, variation of P uptake parameters was evaluated with a series of depletion studies for poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) and marigold (Tagetes patula) under fluctuating climatic conditions and different developmental stages.     

Does root-sourced ABA play a role for regulation of stomata under drought in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

The Andean seed crop quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is traditionally grown under drought and other adverse conditions that constrain crop production in the Andes, and it is regarded as having considerable tolerance to soil drying. The objective of this research was to study how chemical and hydraulic signalling from the root system controlled gas exchange in a drying soil in quinoa. It was observed that during soil drying, relative g_s and photosynthesis A_max (drought stressed/fully watered plants) equalled 1, until the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) decreased to 0.82 ± 0.152 and 0.33 ± 0.061, respectively, at bud formation, indicating that photosynthesis was maintained after stomata closure. The relationship between relative g_s and relative A_max at bud formation was represented by a logarithmic function (r² = 0.79), which resulted in a photosynthetic water use efficiency WUE_Amax_/gs$\text{WU}{\text{E}}_{A_{\text{max}}/g_{\text{s}}}$ of 1 when FTSW > 0.8, and increased by 50% with soil drying to FTSW 0.7–0.4. Mild soil drying slightly increased ABA in the xylem. It is concluded that during soil drying, quinoa plants have a sensitive stomatal closure, by which the plants are able to maintain leaf water potential (ψ_l) and A_max, resulting in an increase of WUE. Root originated ABA plays a role in stomata performance during soil drying. ABA regulation seems to be one of the mechanisms utilised by quinoa when facing drought inducing decrease of turgor of stomata guard cells.     

农田耕作措施对近地表风沙运动的影响

我国北方传统耕作模式的犁耕、耙磨及磨平整地措施对农田近地表风沙活动影响显著。通过对春季半干旱沙区农田风沙活动的观测,本文对犁耕、耙磨磨平两种处理下近地表0~60 cm内输沙率和风沙流结构随田块长度的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明,耙磨磨平处理破坏了犁耕在农田地表形成的非可蚀性土块结构,使近地表0~60 cm内输沙率增大,在强沙尘事件中增加幅度可达数10倍。犁耕地表上输沙率随田块长度的增加呈指数关系递增,而耙磨磨平后风沙流发育的饱和路径长度减小,在强沙尘事件中近地表输沙率随田块长度的增加而递减。此外,上风向处犁耕地表低层输沙比例(Q0-10/Q0-60)小于耙磨磨平地表,且随田块长度的增加逐渐增大,而耙磨磨平后风沙流结构随田块长度的变化不大。     

基于Hopfeild神经网络的油菜籽脱皮冷榨压榨系数识别

在油菜籽脱皮侧限排油一维冷榨试验基础上，采用半固态饱和物料和滤饼物料物理模型分别建立两个理论压榨比模型，运用Hopfeild神经网络方法识别压榨系数。识别结果表明：脱皮油菜籽在压力低于10 MPa段为半固态状饱和物理模型，在压力高于20 MPa段则为滤饼状物理模型，对整个压榨过程，采用分段计算物理模型可有效提高整体压榨模型精度。脱皮冷榨的压榨系数远小于未脱皮冷榨的压榨系数。     

精准变量施肥机的研制与试验

该文针对传统均匀施肥，没有考虑土壤肥力不一致的特点，介绍了一种可与国产拖拉机配套实现变量施肥的施肥机，该施肥机在GPS导航系统的帮助下可以按照预先设计的处方图实现变量施肥。机械采用国产的普通外槽轮作为变量施肥机的肥料计量装置，通过调整外槽轮的转动速度达到调整肥料量的目的。对变量施肥机械在田间的作业原理和机械的基本结构进行了详尽的介绍。针对变量施肥机施用肥料的种类不同，试验了在不同槽轮转速情况下，使用不同肥料排肥数量的变化情况。试验证明在施用尿素时要增加槽轮的排肥槽长度，在施用磷酸二铵等不规则的肥料时，应力求减少排肥槽轮的长度，通过增加槽轮转速达到提高排肥计量系统的精度。