Detect unique molecular structure associated with physiochemical properties in CDC varieties of oat grain with unique nutrient traits [Feed Type vs. Milling Type] in comparison with barley grain using advanced molecular spectroscopy as a non-destructive biological tool

The objective of this study was to determinate grain unique protein inherent molecular structure that are related physiochemical and nutrient profiles in CDC developed oat varieties [CDC Nasser (Feed Type) and CDC Seabiscuit (Milling Type)] grown in cool climate condition in western Canada in comparison with conventional barley variety of CDC Meredith as a control using advanced molecular spectroscopy. Multivariate analyses, including an agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis (CLA) and principal component analysis (PCA), were performed to identify protein molecular structural differences among the grains. The results revealed that CDC Seabiscuit contained greater (P < 0.05) protein structural Amide I and II than CDC Nasser and CDC Meredith, while the greater (P < 0.005) structural Amide I to II area and height ratios was detected in CDC Meredith. New oat grains had greater (P < 0.05) β-sheet height than barley grains, however, there was no difference in α-helix to β-sheet ratio values among the varieties. In conclusion, CDC Nasser and CDC Meredith had no difference in protein molecular structural features, while CDC Seabiscuit contains different protein structural characteristics as compared to CDC Meredith grain. The molecular structure features are highly associated with physiochemical and nutrient profiles in grains, which indicate that it also affect nutrient utilization and availability.     

利用GGE双标图分析花生品质性状的基因型-环境互作

花生品质性状的稳定性和基因型-环境互作研究，可为花生品质育种及不同生态区域花生品种的选择提供参考依据。本研究利用GGE-biplot工具，对我国黄淮海花生主产区16个花生品种两年间的品质性状进行了综合分析，包括含油量、油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸和蛋白质含量等。结果显示，5个品质性状均有较高的GGE总变异值（主成分因素PC1和PC2变异的总和），变幅在61.5%-79.9%之间，以含油量的GGE变异值最低，为61.5%，油酸含量的GGE变异值最高，为79.9%。16个花生品种2年间部分品质性状表现较为一致，其中濮花9519的含油量表型值波动最小，山花9号的亚油酸含量表型值波动最小，开农49是油酸含量表型值最为稳定的品种，天府23号是棕榈酸含量和蛋白质含量表型值最为稳定的品种。初步明确了徐州和濮阳分别适合高油花生和高油酸花生种植，确定了不同生态类型试点下较适合种植的品种，为花生品种推广应用提供了参考。     

荷斯坦牛初乳白利糖度值和初乳产量特征及影响因素分析

为探究荷斯坦牛初乳白利糖度值和初乳产量特征及其影响因素,本研究收集了北京地区某牛场2016年6月—2018年6月共1 257头荷斯坦牛初乳白利糖度值和初乳产量数据及对应的奶牛生产性能测定数据,利用SAS 9.2软件的GLM过程分析胎次、产犊季节和产犊年份对初乳白利糖度值和初乳产量的影响。结果表明:北京地区荷斯坦牛初乳白利糖度值为24.25%,初乳产量为6.52 kg,该试验场初乳品质较好;不同胎次、产犊季节和产犊年份对初乳白利糖度值和初乳产量均有显著影响;初乳白利糖度值随胎次增加总体呈逐渐增加的趋势,5胎及以上的初乳白利糖度值最高;初乳产量随胎次增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,4胎时初乳产量最高。综上,荷斯坦牛初乳白利糖度值对分娩母牛的胎次和产犊年份、季节等生理和环境因素的变化较为敏感。     

富锗酵母培养物对下笼蛋鸡肉品质、肠道菌群及结构的影响

本试验旨在研究富锗酵母培养物对下笼蛋鸡肉品质及肠道的影响。选取505日龄健康的海兰褐壳蛋鸡480只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复24只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加12、16、20 mg/kg的富锗酵母菌培养物。预试期7 d,正试期为42 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,12、16、20 mg/kg组腿肉的蒸煮损失分别降低45.2%、33.6%、39.7%(P<0.01),pH均高于对照组(P<0.01);16mg/kg组腿肌的亮度(L~*)低于对照组(P<0.05);12、16、20 mg/kg组腿肌的剪切力分别比对照组低44.13%、56.07%、50.60%(P<0.01);各试验组胸肌pH均高于对照组(P<0.01),16mg/kg组的pH高于12、20mg/kg组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,16mg/kg组乳酸菌数量升高(P<0.05);空肠中,各试验组的绒毛长度高于对照组(P<0.01);16、20 mg/kg组绒毛长度/隐窝深度高于对照组(P<0.01)。结果显示,日粮中添加富锗酵母培养物可以改善下笼蛋鸡小肠的形态结构和肠道菌群平衡,提高鸡肉品质,建议添加量为16 mg/kg。     

Seasonal Changes in the Milt Quality of Waigieu Seaperch,Psammoperca waigiensis: Implications for Artificial Propagation

Milt quality of Waigieu seaperch was sampled at the beginning, the middle, and the end of the spawning season to assess if the sampling season has an effect on milt quality parameters. The milt volume and total sperm production were higher at the middle of the spawning season while the sperm concentration in milt was significantly higher at the beginning and the end of the spawning season. Sperm morphology and the major parameters of seminal plasma (pH, total protein, Mg²⁺, or Ca²⁺ concentrations) did not differ throughout the spawning season. The concentrations of Na⁺ and the osmolality increased throughout the spawning season. The percentage of motile cells did not differ during the spawning season while the duration of sperm motility (swimming duration) and velocity (swimming speed) were significantly different during the spawning season. The fertilization rate (75.7 ± 6.8%) and hatching rate (56.5 ± 3.1%) at the middle of the spawning season were higher than at the beginning and end periods. Results indicated that milt quality parameters and fertility success in the middle of the spawning season were higher compared to earlier and later sampling dates. Thus, we recommend collecting milt during this time for maximal fertilization and hatching success.     

直播稻田无人机全程防治病虫草害初探

针对不同设备设计不同喷液量,飞行参数验证防治效果,从而验证无人机在稻田全程应用的可能性,旨在探索2种小型多旋翼植保无人机低空喷洒在整个水稻生长时期病虫草害防治过程中的防效。结果表明:当喷洒水田封闭式除草剂的喷洒量为10650、15000 mL/hm²,其对杂草的株防效与鲜重防效与人工电动喷雾相近。在病虫害的防治试验中,使用推荐用量且喷洒量为10650、15000 mL/hm²时,以及使用70%推荐用量（减量30%）且喷洒量为15000 mL/hm²时,防治效果均与人工电动喷雾器无显著差异。通过验证,选择合适的药剂,配合科学的喷洒参数,可在保证药效的前提下减少农药使用量。多旋翼植保无人机在水稻田有进行大面积全程飞防植保应用有广阔的前景。     

中药对肉仔鸡脂质代谢及肉品质的影响

将120只1周龄肉仔鸡随机分成4组,每组30只,前3组(试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组)分别喂以含1%的3种不同中药组方的饲粮,第Ⅳ组为对照组,只喂基础日粮.试验期6周.结果(1)与对照组相比,Ⅰ组血清TC、LDL-C极显著下降(P＜0.01);Ⅱ组血清TC、LDL-C极显著下降(P＜0.01),TG也下降(P＜0.05),HDL-C显著升高(P＜0.01);Ⅲ组血清LDL-C极显著下降(P＜0.01),HDL-C则显著升高(P＜0.01);试验Ⅰ～Ⅲ组血清总脂都极显著下降(P＜0.01);与Ⅱ组相比,Ⅰ组血清LDL-C、Ⅲ组TC存在显著差异(P＜0.01).(2)与对照组相比,胸肌组织中,各试验组TG极显著下降(P＜0.01),Ⅱ组TC显著下降(P＜0.05);腿肌中,各组TC显著下降(P＜0.05),TG下降极显著(P＜0.01);肝脏中各组TC、TG均极显著下降(P＜0.01);与Ⅱ组相比,Ⅰ组肝TG差异极显著(P＜0.01);Ⅲ组胸肌TG、肝TG有显著差异性(P＜0.05).(3)7周龄末鸡体重与对照组相比,Ⅱ组差异极显著(P＜0.01),Ⅲ组差异显著(P＜0.05);Ⅱ组料肉比比对照组极显著下降(P＜0.01).(4)肌肉中的营养成分,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组腿肌中粗脂肪比对照组极显著下降(P＜0.01),Ⅱ组腿肌中粗蛋白含量显著升高(P＜0.01).结论中药组方能不同程度地调整鸡脂质代谢,提高生产性能和改善鸡肉品质.在3个不同中药组方中,综合效果Ⅱ方最优.     

Effect of Heat Stress on Grain Growth, Starch Synthesis and Protein Synthesis in Grains of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties Differing in Grain Weight Stability

The effect of heat stress on the components of grain weight was analysed in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) varieties differing in grain weight stability. The wheat varieties PBW154, Sonalika and Hindi62 were raised in the field (New Delhi, India; 77°12' E, 28°40' N, 228.6 m a.s.l.) at three dates of sowing: 19 November 1992 (DOS I), 14 December 1992 (DOS II) and 18 January 1993 (DOS III). The late-sown crop (DOS III) experienced 6–8 °C warmer temperatures during grain development than the crop sown at the normal time (DOS I). The heat susceptibility index (S) revealed that grain weight was less susceptible to heat in Sonalika and PBW154 than in Hindi62. Heat stress reduced both the grain growth duration (GGD) and the grain growth rate (GGR). The grain weight reduction in PBW154 and Sonalika was mainly due to a reduction in GGR, while that of Hindi62 was due to a reduction in GGD. In vivo studies on starch and protein synthesis in excised endosperm at 15, 25 and 35 °C revealed that both processes were more thermotolerant in Hindi62 than in PBW154. The grain starch content was stable in Hindi62 while that in PBW154 was significantly reduced under heat stress. The grain nitrogen content at maturity increased in both varieties under heat stress. It was concluded that the heat susceptibility of grain weight in Hindi62 was mainly due to a reduction in GGD, although GGR, starch and protein synthesis were more thermotolerant in developing grains of Hindi62 than in those of PBW154.     

中文图书回溯建库中常见的书目数据质量问题及对策

本文对中文图书回溯建库过程中一些常见质量问题进行了举证说明 ,分析了产生错误的原因 ,并针对存在的问题提出了相应的对策 ,以确保书目数据的质量