Effect of Vermicompost on Soil and Plant Properties of Coal Spoil in the Lusatian Region (Eastern Germany)

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different wood vermicompost application rates on some soil physical and chemical properties as well as on growth parameters of a grass seed mixture (RSM 7.2.1) in tertiary sand contaminated with coal spoil. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse over a period of 42 days. Soil was mixed with vermicompost at ratios of 0.0, 3.0, 12.5, and 25.0% and sown with the grass seed mixture. Soil samples and plant material were analyzed to determine the effect of different vermicompost application rates on the physical and chemical properties. Results revealed that the physical and chemical properties of the soil improved with increasing application rates of vermicompost. In addition, soil treated with vermicompost showed significant increases in fresh- and dry-matter yields of the grass, as well as enhanced uptake of nutrients by the grass. This indicated that treatment of contaminated soils with vermicompost may be beneficial for reclamation processes by facilitating revegetation of disturbed areas.     

An economic analysis of revegetation for dryland salinity control on the Lower Eyre Peninsula in South Australia

Dryland salinity is a major natural resource management problem imposing large economic and environmental costs in many countries throughout the world. The major cause of dryland salinity is the replacement of perennial native vegetation with annual crops and pastures. This results in greater amounts of water entering a groundwater system, watertable rise and the concentration of naturally occurring salts near the soil surface. Many consider that the best long‐term solution is the re‐establishment of high water use perennial vegetation through production systems such as agroforestry. This paper presents a benefit–cost analysis (BCA) of revegetation to control dryland salinity over a 20‐year period in South Australia. The results of the BCA indicate that market costs are likely to exceed market benefits for broad‐scale revegetation programmes. These results are driven by hydrogeological studies, which indicate that as much as 50 per cent of a ‘problem‐type’ catchment needs to be revegetated to save only 3 per cent of land from being salt affected. The conclusion is that revegetation programmes need to be highly targeted to areas of a catchment with large potential to control salinity, land that has minimal value for other uses and regions with high infrastructure and ecological value. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

城市旅游发展潜力评价体系构建及应用研究——以中国15个副省级城市为例

城市旅游发展潜力是指城市在旅游资源、旅游区位、旅游企业、旅游产业地位等自然经济环境等因素的综合作用下,在与其他城市竞争中所体现出来的潜在的、能够发挥出来并能促进旅游产业持续发展的能力。目前关于城市旅游发展潜力的研究日益引起学者们的关注与重视,笔者以中国15个副省级城市为例,通过对前人研究的总结和归纳,从旅游发展基础、旅游发展能力和未来发展空间3个维度选取6个指标进行量化分析,运用离差最大化法对各城市进行旅游发展潜力进行比较,结果显示,广州与杭州在15个副省级城市当中旅游发展潜力最大,论文最后对评价结果进行了分析与总结,以期对中国城市旅游产业的发展提供相应的理论支持。     

少数民族地区自然保护区生态旅游发展潜力评价研究——以雷公山自然保护区为例

少数民族地区的自然保护区存在环境保护和经济发展的矛盾,生态旅游是少数民族自然保护区可持续发展的必由之路。定量测度其生态旅游发展潜力,对于促进少数民族地区自然保护区旅游合理规划与开发,具有极大地指导意义和参考价值。选择资源禀赋、环境容量、经济效益、客源市场、区位交通、社区参与和管理措施等影响和制约保护区生态旅游潜力的7个方面,构建评价指标体系,制定评价标准,借用集对分析的方法,对雷公山自然保护区生态旅游潜力进行评价。结果表明：雷公山自然保护区的资源禀赋较好,属于高潜力型,但是由于生态环境的容量低、相关产业的带动效果小,特别是区位交通、社区参与以及管理措施等的滞后,影响了目前雷公山自然保护区的生态旅游潜力。评价结果与现状相符,证明生态旅游潜力评价指标和标准是准确和可行的。     

大果沙棘在露天煤矿植被恢复中的应用试验

本文通过应用大果沙棘对黑河市爱辉区露天煤矿堆土场植被恢复试验,表明大果沙棘具有抗瘠薄,生长速度快,根系发达,萌蘖能力强,在水土流失严重地区,利用大果沙棘进行植被恢复试验,所取得的数据和结果,对当地的生态环境的治理和改善,有一定的指导作用.     

朔州市农村居民点用地现状潜力与整治途径研究

以山西省朔州市为例,分析了该市六县(区)农村居民点用地的现状与特征,按照多种标准估算了农村居民点用地的潜力,认为可挖掘的现实潜力巨大,并且提出了按照山区型、资源区型、平川区型、郊区型的分类来整理农村居民点用地的思路。     

黄土高原植被自然恢复中土壤团聚体特征

Field investigations and laboratory analysis were conducted to study the characteristics of soil water-stable aggregates during vegetation rehabilitation in typical grassland soils of the hilly-gullied loess area. The relationship between water- stable aggregates and other soil properties was analyzed using canonical correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The results show that during the natural revegetation, the aggregates 〉 5 mm dominated and constituted between 50% and 80% of the total soil water-stable aggregates in most of the soil layers. The 2-5 mm aggregate class was the second main component. The mean value of water-stable aggregates 〉 5 mm within the 0-2 m soil profile under different plant communities decreased in the following order： Stipa grandis 〉 Stipa bungeana Trin. 〉 Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb. 〉 Thymus mongolicus Ronn. 〉 Hierochloe odorata （L.） Beauv. Clay, organic matter, and total N were the key factors that influenced the water stability of the aggregates. Total N and organic matter were the main factors that affected the water stability of the aggregates 〉 5 mm and 0.5-1 mm in size. The contents of Fe2O3, Al2O3, and physical clay （〈 0.01 mm） were the main factors which affected the water stability of the 1-2 and 0.25-0.5 mm aggregates.     

西吉县黄家二岔小流域系统的环境人口容量研究

本文对宁夏回族自治区西吉县黄家二岔小流域系统的环境人口容量进行了研究。根据小流域系统内的自然资源状况,以生活资科消费和生产资料消费作为小流域系统内的人口消费水准,以现实生产潜力作为土地的生产能力,采用数学规划方法,在综合平衡的基础上,得出了2000年时小流域系统的环境人口容量。研究结果表明:到2000年,小流域系统的环境人口容量为823人,即每平方公里144人。     

贵州省玉屏县耕地整理潜力分析

以贵州省玉屏县为研究区域,对耕地整理潜力进行了研究。结果表明,贵州省玉屏县耕地整理总潜力为636.80hm2,占耕地待整理区面积的8.94%,其主要来源是耕地中大量的零星地类和其中部分的田坎占地;采用典型调查与统计分析方法,确定了合适玉屏县的现有田坎系数和可整理为耕地的百分比关系,并对耕地整理潜力进行分级并划分了3个潜力区。     

岩石边坡植被重建系统中微量元素径流损失模型研究

以岩石边坡植被重建系统为研究对象,开展人工模拟降雨试验与野外验证试验,应用幂函数模型拟合岩石边坡植被重建系统中4种微量元素铁、锰、铜和锌的径流损失与降雨量间的关系.人工模拟降雨试验中,铁、锰、铜3种元素产流初始阶段径流损失量较大,但随着降雨时间的延长,其损失量逐渐减小,最后均趋于稳定,而锌元素径流损失量较稳定;幂函数模型相关指数均达0.90以上,能较好地拟合产流时刻以后的微量元素损失量随降雨量的变化过程.试验表明,幂函数模型的模拟结果与实测结果拟合度较好,其相对误差小于15％,确定性系数达到0.85以上.因此,利用该模型可初步描述微量元素径流损失与降雨量间耦合关系,为岩石边坡植被重建与恢复工程养分设计提供理论基础.