采收成熟度对牛肝菌保鲜贮藏的影响

不同成熟度的食用菌子实体采后生理、病理及贮藏品质有不同的变化规律 ,本文通过对美柄牛肝菌(BoletusspeciosuFrost)三种不同成熟度的子实体的呼吸强度、呼吸商的测定分析 ,及贮藏过程中菌体外观品质变化综合评定的产生及发展进行分析 ,为牛肝菌采集及贮藏中的原料标准的制定提供依据。     

Improving management for higher reproduction accelerates genetic improvement in closed herd of swine

The present study compared responses to selection at different conception rates and litter sizes at weaning in a simulated closed herd in a swine breeding program. The base population consisted of 10 males and 50 females, and 10 generations of selection was practiced by using individual phenotype or best linear unbiased prediction of breeding values for a trait with heritability (h²) of either 0.2 or 0.5. The probability of conception in a single mating was assumed to be 0.8, 0.9 or 1.0. Litter size at weaning was sampled randomly from a normal distribution with mean 8, 10 or 12 and variance 8.1225. Genetic response increased by approximately 6% for h² = 0.2 and approximately 5% for h² = 0.5 at generation 10 when conception rate was increased from 0.8 to 1.0. However, litter size at weaning did not affect response to selection. In conclusion, improving conception rate by environmental management increases genetic response indirectly in a breeding program of a closed swine herd.     

A perspective on the measurement of time in plant disease epidemiology

The growth and development of plant pathogens and their hosts generally respond strongly to the temperature of their environment. However, most studies of plant pathology record pathogen/host measurements against physical time (e.g. hours or days) rather than thermal time (e.g. degree-days or degree-hours). This confounds the comparison of epidemiological measurements across experiments and limits the value of the scientific literature.     

Retrospective Evaluation of the Effect of Heart Rate on Survival in Dogs with Atrial Fibrillation

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) usually is associated with a rapid ventricular rate. The optimal heart rate (HR) during AF is unknown.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Heart rate affects survival in dogs with chronic AF.

Animals

Forty‐six dogs with AF and 24‐hour ambulatory recordings were evaluated.

Methods

Retrospective study. Holter‐derived HR variables were analyzed as follows: mean HR (meanHR, 24‐hour average), minimum HR (minHR, 1‐minute average), maximum HR (maxHR, 1‐minute average). Survival times were recorded from the time of presumed adequate rate control. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards analysis identified variables independently associated with survival; Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis estimated the median survival time of dogs with meanHR <125 bpm versus ≥125 bpm.

Results

All 46 dogs had structural heart disease; 31 of 46 had congestive heart failure (CHF), 44 of 46 received antiarrhythmic drugs. Of 15 dogs with cardiac death, 14 had CHF. Median time to all‐cause death was 524 days (Interquartile range (IQR), 76–1,037 days). MeanHR was 125 bpm (range, 62–203 bpm), minHR was 82 bpm (range, 37–163 bpm), maxHR was 217 bpm (range, 126–307 bpm). These were significantly correlated with all‐cause and cardiac‐related mortality. For every 10 bpm increase in meanHR, the risk of all‐cause mortality increased by 35% (hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.17–1.55; P < 0.001). Median survival time of dogs with meanHR<125 bpm (n = 23) was significantly longer (1,037 days; range, 524‐open) than meanHR ≥125 bpm (n = 23; 105 days; range, 67–267 days; P = 0.0012). Mean HR was independently associated with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality (P < 0.003).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Holter‐derived meanHR affects survival in dogs with AF. Dogs with meanHR <125 bpm lived longer than those with meanHR ≥ 125 bpm.     

不同光质LED光照对草菇菌丝生长速度、菌丝分支与生物量的影响

通过探索LED光源在草菇栽培上的精准化应用,为工厂化草菇栽培提供理论依据.以草菇V23为材料,设置LED光质6个处理:对照白光(CK)、红/蓝=1:1、红/蓝=1:2、红/蓝=2:1、单红光、单蓝光,研究不同光质对草菇菌丝生长的影响.结果发现,红光与蓝光的比为1:1菌丝长势表现为较强,对其他指标影响不明显.不同LED光...     

2020年新疆地区规模化猪场猪PCV2抗体检测与分析

为了解新疆地区2020年规模化猪场猪圆环病毒2型的免疫抗体水平,选择新疆地区6个规模化猪场,针对不同日龄段的猪采集血清样品333份,采用猪圆环病毒2型ELISA抗体检测方法进行抗体检测分析.结果发现,2020年新疆地区规模化猪场猪圆环病毒2型平均抗体阳性率为77.78％(259/333),平均抗体阳性率符合国家标准.但...     

浅谈当前森林覆盖率计算的两个公式

介绍计算森林覆盖率的2个公式,指出应该用(2)式计算森林覆盖率.分析了有林地面积、国家特别规定灌木林地面积、灌木林地面积与森林覆盖率的关系.     

修枝促接干对泡桐光合特性影响的研究

采用Li-6400光合分析系统,对修枝接干和对照泡桐不同冠层、不同方位叶片在不同光量子密度条件下的净光合速率(Pn)进行测定,并采用经验方程对其光反应曲线进行拟合,结果表明:(1)修枝接干可明显提高泡桐植株总体的光合潜力和适应强光环境的能力,其最大光合速率(Pmax)、光饱和点(LSP)、光补偿点(LCP)和光合幅度(PR)在修枝后分别达23.93 μmol·m-2·s-1、1 966.58 μmol·m-2·s-1,53.88 μmol·m-2·s-1、1 911.71 μmol·m-2·s-1,较对照分别高11.85%、15.61%、29.06%、15.21%.(2)修枝接干对泡桐诸光合指标的影响在树冠下层明显大于上层,并且使其上下冠层之间的差异性显著减小.修枝后泡桐下层树冠的Pmax、LSP、LCP、PR较对照分别高27.70%、36.74%、34.22%、36.80%,而上层差异不显著.(3)修枝接干对处于不同方位泡桐叶片的光合特性的影响在不同冠层具有不同程度的体现.在树冠上层的阳位与阴位间,修枝接干后的Pmax、LSP、LCP和PR分别较对照有所提高,但均不显著;而在树冠下层,修枝接干后其阳位叶的Pmax、LSP、LCP和PR分别较对照高21.80%、39.02%、28.72%和39.26%,阴位叶分别较对照高42.18%、39.35%、48.70%和39.13%,除了LCP在二处理间阳位的差异不显著外,其余的差异性均显著.     

武冈林场第二代人工杉木中幼林抚育间伐强度试验研究初探

武冈林场第二代人工杉木中幼林抚育间伐强度试验表明:a.杉木中幼龄林抚育间伐能促进林分胸径、树高、材积的增长,能使林分的速生期延长1-2年,能有效地提高林分产量,提高木材质量;b.不同的抚育间伐强度类型对林分生长因子的影响效果不同,以株数间伐强度30-40%效果最佳;c.对培育大径材的杉木林分,可实施三次间伐,第一次在9-11年,第二次在14-16年,第三次在19-22年;第三次间伐能明显促进后期林分胸径生长。     

小麦半粒种子发芽特性分析

为了加快小麦品质育种进程,以籽粒类型不同的6个小麦品种的半粒种子为材料,整粒种子为对照,分别在三种苗床上测定其发芽率和出苗率。结果表明,半粒种子的发芽率和出苗率不受籽粒颜色和角质程度影响,但与籽粒长短有关：短圆型籽粒的半粒种子发芽率和出苗率较整粒种子的显著降低,长卵型和长粒型籽粒的半粒种子发芽率与整粒种子无显著差异,但发芽势减弱,拱土能力变差,在沙床和土床上的出苗率显著降低;对半粒种子的伤口进行封蜡处理后,可使出苗率提高至正常籽粒水平。