青皮种子主要储藏条件的研究Ⅰ.种子含水量与测控

水分是影响青皮(Vatica astrotricha Hance)种子活力最关键的内在因素,其中种胚含水量是决定因素。用含水量27—29％椰糠控制种胚含水量在50—52％,也就是控制种子含水量在30—36％,维持种子一定的呼吸强度(32℃下测定为50—60 O_2μl/g·h),种子活力保持最高,能延长寿命。找出了储藏中种子安全含水量的最佳点,此点处于安全含水量下限的内缘,可利用种子本身果翅与种子或大小种子之间含水量的内在关系来测定。这种测定方法准确、快速又简便。可考虑作为确定“顽拗型”种子安全含水量下限的新捷径。     

仔猪腹泻防治效果观察

对怀孕母猪注射疫苗、投服药物,使其所产仔猪获得被动免疫,与此同时,对仔猪投服预防性药物,达到预防仔猪腹泻的目的.通过实践,使仔猪腹泻的发病率由35.65%下降到16.79%,死亡率由10.8%下降到0.98%,取得了较好的防治效果.     

提高柠条饲料利用率的研究

柠条Caragana korshinskii粗纤维高、适口性差、利用率低,采用物理、生物、化学处理技术进行加工处理.结果表明:柠条经过粉碎制粒后饲喂家畜,利用率提高50%,家畜采食量增加20%～30%,质量增加15%左右;柠条添加5%玉米进行氨化处理,效果好,粗蛋白含量提高6.32%,粗纤维含量降低3.67%,木质素含量降低1.32%,无氮浸出物含量降低1.49%;柠条青贮后粗蛋白含量降低0.06%,粗纤维含量降低1.6%,木质素含量降低2.68%,无氮浸出物含量降低1.87%;添加5%尿素膨化处理,效果好,柠条粗蛋白含量提高10.53%,粗纤维含量降低1.37%,木质素含量降低3.03%,无氮浸出物含量降低8.69%;柠条微贮后,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、木质素含量变化不大,粗灰分含量增加1.36%,无氮浸出物含量增加2.59%.     

奥芬哒唑可湿性粉剂驱除藏羊线虫绦虫试验

使用５,１０,２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量奥芬哒唑可湿性粉剂,对放牧藏系绵羊进行驱除线虫、绦虫试验。试验结果：５ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量对消化道线虫、绦虫的虫卵转阴率,下降率均为１００％,对原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率为６０％,下降率为９４．１％;１０,２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量的虫卵（幼虫）转阴率,下降率均为１００％,安全性良好。按５ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量给当年生羔羊进行大群秋季示范驱虫,结果粪检虫卵（幼虫）呈阴性,驱虫羔羊比同一地区未驱虫的当年生羔羊保活率提高４．４８个百分点,全部投药羊未发生毒副反应。试验初步证明奥芬哒唑可湿性粉剂安全有效,与本品原粉、片剂的驱虫效果及安全性一致。而该剂型投服方便,计量准确,省时省力,易推广。     

70℃干热处理德兰臭草种子内生真菌的研究

为了更好地研究内生真菌与德兰臭草（Melica transsilvanica）的互作关系,需获得内生真菌种群已失活的德兰臭草种子。本试验采用70℃干热的方法对德兰臭草带菌种子分别处理5 d,10 d,15 d,20 d,25 d和30 d,以不作处理的种子为对照,通过测定各处理后种子的萌发指标、生长指标和植株内生真菌数量等综合评价内生真菌的灭活效果。结果表明,70℃干热处理能有效杀灭德兰臭草种子中的内生真菌;70℃处理5 d后,与对照相比,宿主染菌率下降为50%;处理25 d时,种子和植株中均未分离出内生真菌。同时,70℃处理25 d时,种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、植株鲜重和胚根、胚芽长度以及植株株高、叶片数、分蘖数、叶宽和茎粗与对照相比均没有显著影响。值得一提的是,70℃干热处理种子可促进植株须根数的增多和根长的增加。综合比较得出,70℃干热处理25 d能使德兰臭草种子中全部内生真菌失活,是一种简单、方便、可行的方法。     

水分和添加剂对苜蓿青贮效果的影响

为研究苜蓿的水分、添加剂对苜蓿青贮发酵品质的影响,通过对头茬苜蓿设置3个水分梯度,并添加4个水平的甲酸、丙酸、双乙酸钠,装入聚乙烯袋抽真空,发酵45 d 后进行营养分析和品质鉴定。结果表明：适宜苜蓿青贮的水分条件为55%,这一水分条件下苜蓿青贮料的 pH、氨态氮、粗纤维最低,可溶性糖、乳酸最高;而3种添加剂对青贮料的影响具体表现为：与对照组相比,能够显著降低苜蓿青贮料的 pH 和氨态氮含量（P 〈0.05）,并且能够很好地保存青贮料中的可溶性糖,通过对灰色关联度分析,甲酸对苜蓿青贮的影响效果最佳,丙酸次之;且55%的水分条件下添加15 mL/kg 的甲酸,青贮效果为最好。     

对奶牛胎衣不下的认识和处理

本文结合本场的生产实际，讨论了母牛胎盘的特点，胎衣不下的症状与诊断；着重讨论了本病的发病率及其影响因素，并将病因分析、归纳成一个示意图；最后综述了多项治疗和预防胎衣不下的措施，如灌服羊水，注射激素，用维生素A、D、E和亚硒酸钠，灌服中药，手术剥离以及电刺激等。     

A retrospective study of the success of medical and surgical treatment of wild Australian raptors

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of medical and surgical regimens utilised to treat injured and diseased wild Australian raptors presented at our practice, and to determine if the time, effort and cost of treating the birds was justified in terms of the outcomes achieved. PROCEDURE: All the practice's clinical records relating to the examination and treatment of wild raptors were reviewed for the period April 1994 to December 1998. The species of birds, the aetiology of their injuries or diseases, the treatment protocols and the outcomes of those treatments were correlated and tabulated for evaluation. RESULTS: Fifteen Australian species of raptor were examined and treated. Complete records were available for 104 birds of prey, 73 being Accipitriformes and 31 Strigiformes. The poorest prognosis was for birds involved in motor vehicle impacts, while birds suffering malnutrition or starvation had higher survival rates. The overall rate of survival was 50%. CONCLUSION: Based on the severity of diseases and injuries at the time of presentation, the survival rate was considered acceptable. Veterinary involvement in the treatment of the wild raptors was necessary for the maintenance of the birds' welfare, and to determine appropriate treatments. Intangible benefits included increased practice staff satisfaction, and improving the veterinary professions' public image by providing pro bono treatment for Australian wildlife.     

DIPHOSPHONATE TREATMENT OF A PRIMARY OSTEOSARCOMA IN A DOG: A CASE REPORT

The following sequence of treatments was administered to a Saint Bernard dog with a primary distal right radius osteosarcoma: 54 days of daily disodium 1-hydroxyethylidenediphosphonate (HEDP) subcutaneous injections; 53 days of HEDP per os ; one ³²P-HEDP intravenous injection. During the pretreatment period, there was an extensive increase in calcific tumor growth and osteoblastic proliferation. After the subcutaneous HEDP treatment, almost complete tumor necrosis was seen. After the oral HEDP treatment, only the deepest tumor portion contained active osteoblasts, calcific growth of the tumor was completely blocked, and uptake of ^99mTc-Sn-HEDP was reduced to one fourth of the pretreatment uptake. After a single ³²P-HEDP dose, large areas of tumor necrosis were evident histopathologically. However, subsequent resumption of cellular activity occurred in the tumor, and the uptake of ^99mTc-Sn-HEDP increased to pretreatment values. These data suggest that systemically administered HEDP should be studied further for its possible therapeutic potential in the treatment of osteosarcoma and indicate a need for further study of ³²P-HEDP or possibly ³³P-HEDP.