Site selection for Haloxylon ammodendron plantation based on soil factors

The success of plantation, establishment, and growth of trees and shrubs is an important concern in afforestation efforts. There have been extensive efforts to use Haloxylon ammodendron in many desert areas throughout the world in desert combating projects, but these efforts have not always been successful, despite high costs. In this study, we propose a new application of fuzzy decision-making method for selecting suitable sites for the growth of this species. We determine, based on available autecological studies, the most effective factors in desert habitats, and a fuzzy membership function is designed for each of the factors. A suitability index is constructed by unifying the fuzzified factors. This model is then applied to an actual plantation area to evaluate the suitability of different parts of this trial area. Finally, the predicted results are compared to the actual rate of success, based on the canopy cover percentage. The coefficient of determination for the observed canopy cover percentage plotted against the predicted suitability values is higher than 98%, which demonstrates that the presented fuzzy decision-making approach is potentially a powerful tool in site selection for this and, probably, other species.     

浅析矿区园林绿化问题——以轿子山煤矿为例

该文就矿区景观的生态格局、园林植物在工矿企业中的应用、土壤植被的恢复技术等矿山恢复的核心问题进行了探讨,并以贵州省轿子煤矿矿区为案例,通过对矿区园林植物的应用进行调查分析,提出对其进行开发利用的建议,以期改善矿区环境状况及植物群落结构。     

希拉穆仁修复退化草地水土流失水平观测研究

由于气候干旱加之超载过牧使得草地退化严重,不仅使内蒙古希拉穆仁草原区生态环境恶化,而且也严重威胁京津地区生态安全。因此,治理退化草地及防止草地进一步退化迫在眉睫。内蒙古希拉穆仁草原地处干旱荒漠草原区,在多年的过度放牧压力下,草地植被、土壤均严重退化,水土流失严重。但这时草地还没有遭到根本破坏,还未产生沙化、盐碱化现象。终止过度利用令其自然修复,2、3年以后即取得明显效果。观测研究表明,经连续3年封禁自然修复,到第3年样方干草量增加到4.6倍,草高增加到9.2倍,盖度增加到1.6倍。草群结构和土壤改善,草地水土保持功能大大增强,水土流失减少20%。     

沾益县矿产资源开发对森林生态的影响及管理对策

介绍近年来沾益县煤、铁、磷等矿产资源开发状况,认为矿产资源开发行为破坏了森林植被,使矿区及其周边森林资源数量、质量降低,土壤退化,水土流失增加,生物多样性减少.分析产生这些影响的因素主要是采矿企业数量增加及经营规模不断扩大;相关企业对矿产资源的开发利用率低,浪费严重;管理粗放,开采技术落后;相关行政管理体系不健全等.藉此提出了减少矿产资源开发对森林资源破坏的管理对策.     

沂蒙山水土保持生态修复试点工程区空气负离子变化特征

为了科学评价沂蒙山水土保持生态修复试点工程区环境空气状况,采用日本生产的ITC201A型空气离子测量仪,对修复区不同生态修复类型空气负离子浓度变化情况进行了初步实测与研究,并综合运用CI法、FCI法和隶属度U法3种负离子评价模型对其空气质量进行了评价。结果表明,3种负离子评价模型的评价结果基本一致,即退耕台田苹果经济林地的空气质量最好,其次是麻标×椴树阔叶混交林、黑松针叶纯林、退耕梯田和荒草地的,道路空气质量较差。有林地区空气负离子浓度明显高于无林地区,阔叶林地空气负离子浓度高于针叶林地。在生态修复措施上注重退耕梯田建设保证修复区粮食安全的基础上,应首先加强退耕台田经济林和生态林封禁措施的实施,田间道路两旁应栽植道路防护林,改善生态修复区内道路周围的空气质量。     

广东省雨雪冰冻灾害森林生态修复工程规划与技术

文章通过对广东省雨雪冰冻灾害受灾现状调查统计,对受灾林木和林分划分轻、中、重度受灾等级,提出生态公益林、商品林的清理和造林技术要点,选择全面造林、补植套种、封育管护等森林修复技术和修复方式进行森林生态修复,重现广东省生物多样性丰富、抗逆能力强的地带性森林植被。     

云南乌蒙山区特色林产业发展现状及对策

基于对乌蒙山区绥江、鲁甸、会泽和罗平4县的调研,指出了乌蒙山区发展特色林产业还存在着造林难度较大,资金投入严重不足,技术力量薄弱,缺乏龙头企业,经营水平低等问题．藉此,提出加大对龙头企业的培植与扶持力度,提高特色林产业集约化经营水平等对策以及将乌蒙山区纳入全省退耕还林重点区域,加大对特色林产业发展的扶持力度等建议．     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi regulate plant mineral nutrient uptake and partitioning in iron ore tailings undergoing eco-engineered pedogenesis

Excess available K and Fe in Fe ore tailings with organic matter amendment and water-deficiencies may restrain plant colonization and growth, which hinders the formation of eco-engineered soil from these tailings for sustainable and cost-effective mine site rehabilitation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are widely demonstrated to assist plant growth under various unfavorable environments. However, it is still unclear whether AM symbiosis in tailings amended with different types of plant biomass and under different water conditions could overcome the surplus K and Fe stress for plants in Fe ore tailings, and if so, by what mechanisms. Here, host plants (Sorghum sp. Hybrid cv. Silk), either colonized or noncolonized by the AM fungi (Glomus spp.), were cultivated in lucerne hay (LH, C:N ratio of 18)- or sugarcane mulch (SM, C:N ratio of 78)-amended Fe ore tailings under well-watered (55% water-holding capacity (WHC) of tailings) or water-deficient (30% WHC of tailings) conditions. Root mycorrhizal colonization, plant growth, and mineral elemental uptake and partitioning were examined. Results indicated that AM fungal colonization improved plant growth in tailings amended with plant biomass under water-deficient conditions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization enhanced plant mineral element uptake, especially P, both in the LH- and SM-amended tailings regardless of water condition. Additionally, AM symbiosis development restrained the translocation of excess elements (i.e., K and Fe) from plant roots to shoots, thereby relieving their phytotoxicity. The AM fungal roles in P uptake and excess elemental partitioning were greater in LH-amended tailings than in SM-amended tailings. Water deficiency weakened AM fungal colonization and functions in terms of mineral element uptake and partitioning. These findings highlighted the vital role AM fungi played in regulating plant growth and nutrition status in Fe ore tailings technosol, providing an important basis for involvement of AM fungi in the eco-engineered pedogenesis of Fe ore tailings.     

Raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis) as an occupational hazard: 1. Knowledge of B. procyonis and attitudes towards it and other zoonoses among wildlife rehabilitators

Wildlife rehabilitators are at risk of zoonotic diseases because they often have prolonged contact with many species of wildlife and their bodily fluids. Raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis) is a common zoonotic parasite of raccoons that has the potential to cause severe or fatal neurologic disease in a broad variety of hosts if the eggs within raccoon faeces are ingested. We administered an online survey to wildlife rehabilitators to assess their knowledge regarding aspects of transmission, biology and disease caused by B. procyonis, and also to evaluate attitudes towards wildlife diseases and B. procyonis as an occupational hazard. Knowledge was assessed using multiple choice and true–false questions; attitudes were measured using Likert‐type items. A total of 659 complete or near‐complete responses (missing fewer than three knowledge or attitudes items and/or non‐response to some demographic fields) were collected. The median knowledge score was 7/14 questions correct (range: 0–14 correct). Generally, individuals with higher levels of education and rehabilitation experience, veterinary professionals and those who are members of professional wildlife rehabilitation groups scored above the median significantly more often (p < .01). Significantly more rehabilitators who were located in the south‐east and those with part‐time or infrequent commitments scored below the median overall knowledge score. There was general agreement that B. procyonis is a health risk of rehabilitators and that measures should be taken to control transmission to people and animals. Some factors explaining differences in attitudes include setting of rehabilitation (home versus animal care facility), veterinary profession, region, membership in a wildlife rehabilitation group and rehabilitation of raccoons. Findings emphasize the importance of awareness and mentorship to inform rehabilitators on the potential risks of B. procyonis and other potential zoonoses within captive wildlife settings, and the important role of professional wildlife rehabilitator groups in disseminating educational materials.