Raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis) as an occupational hazard: 1. Knowledge of B. procyonis and attitudes towards it and other zoonoses among wildlife rehabilitators

Wildlife rehabilitators are at risk of zoonotic diseases because they often have prolonged contact with many species of wildlife and their bodily fluids. Raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis) is a common zoonotic parasite of raccoons that has the potential to cause severe or fatal neurologic disease in a broad variety of hosts if the eggs within raccoon faeces are ingested. We administered an online survey to wildlife rehabilitators to assess their knowledge regarding aspects of transmission, biology and disease caused by B. procyonis, and also to evaluate attitudes towards wildlife diseases and B. procyonis as an occupational hazard. Knowledge was assessed using multiple choice and true–false questions; attitudes were measured using Likert‐type items. A total of 659 complete or near‐complete responses (missing fewer than three knowledge or attitudes items and/or non‐response to some demographic fields) were collected. The median knowledge score was 7/14 questions correct (range: 0–14 correct). Generally, individuals with higher levels of education and rehabilitation experience, veterinary professionals and those who are members of professional wildlife rehabilitation groups scored above the median significantly more often (p < .01). Significantly more rehabilitators who were located in the south‐east and those with part‐time or infrequent commitments scored below the median overall knowledge score. There was general agreement that B. procyonis is a health risk of rehabilitators and that measures should be taken to control transmission to people and animals. Some factors explaining differences in attitudes include setting of rehabilitation (home versus animal care facility), veterinary profession, region, membership in a wildlife rehabilitation group and rehabilitation of raccoons. Findings emphasize the importance of awareness and mentorship to inform rehabilitators on the potential risks of B. procyonis and other potential zoonoses within captive wildlife settings, and the important role of professional wildlife rehabilitator groups in disseminating educational materials.     

新疆高等级公路路域植被恢复和重建

在调查分析吐鲁番－乌鲁木齐－大黄山高等级公路和乌鲁木齐－奎屯高等级公路路域自然环境特点与植被自然恢复影响因素及其生态系统的结构和功能的基础上，划分了路域生态区段，并提出人工定位辅助恢复和重建路域植被的措施。     

论陕北丘陵区草业发展的研究方向及内容

根据陕北丘陵沟壑区的特点，提出了该区发展草业需要从草地植被恢复、草地保护、牧草品种选择及栽培技术、牧草加工利用、草地效益评价、草业产业化发展等方面进行科学研究，以保证该区草产业的良性发展及山川秀美建设的顺利进行。     

武当山风景区植被恢复与生态建设对策

武当山风景区的植被恢复与生态建设是实现“以人为本,生态立区”、“创世界知名风景区,建中国山水园林城”的特区发展目标,构建完整的景区生态系统,建设充满人情味的生态旅游区,维持景区生态系统的稳定,实现风景区生态系统的可持续发展的保证。笔者结合该区实际,提出了景区植被恢复与生态建设对策。     

南方岩溶区植被自然演替恢复研究

我国岩溶面积占国土面积的35.93%,其绝大部分分布在南方地区。植被的自然演替是岩溶地区生态重建的主要方式。土壤是岩溶地区不易再生的最稀缺资源。文章分析了自然演替过程中的环境特征、养分特征、土壤种子库等的变化规律。分析了岩溶地区植被的顶极群落以及群落演替方向的特殊性。     

中国生态区划分与评价和保护建设的研究(Ⅳ)

生态区评价是国际上新近发展起来的一种科学方法和实践。有利解决资源开发利用保护生态环境的矛盾。中国生态区划分以地面景观为标准，并建立二级分类系统，区一亚区，同时充分利用政府行为。将全国共划分为10个一级生态区；天然林保护生态区、自然保护区生态区、水土保持生态区、防护林生态区、荒漠生态区、湿地生态区、林业生态区、草原生态区、农业生态区、青藏高原高寒生态区。     

退耕还林工程对关岭县资源利用结构的影响

对贵州省关岭县案例点进行实地调查研究,对工程区土地利用结构和农业产业结构变化进行退耕前后的比较分析,结论是工程区的资源利用结构发生了显著变化,土地利用结构和农业产业结构得到了有效调整,生态环境局部得到改善。     

Carbon and nutrient stocks in the litter layer of agroforestry systems in central Amazonia,Brazil

Both second-growth and agroforestry systems (AFs) have the potential for recovering thousands of abandoned pasturelands in Amazon. The AFs may do it faster and, at the same time, produce direct economic benefits for farmers. Improved nutrient recycling may be expected due to distinctive litter production in AFs, but lacks experimental data yet. The stocks of carbon and nutrients of the litter layer under different agroforestry systems (AFs) were investigated at an abandoned pasture site, 60 km north of Manaus. The experimental design consisted of three blocks, with five treatments: four different types of 5-year-old AFs and a secondary forest (CAP). Litter layer was sampled in the wet and dry seasons, sorted according to the predominant plant species and analysed for carbon and nutrient concentrations. The litter layer in the control plots was much larger than in the AFs, and thus, the carbon stocks in the litter layer of the control (wet = 489 g m²; dry = 783 g m²) were larger than in the AFs. However, due to a clearly higher concentration of nutrients in the litter from the AFs, some nutrient stocks were similar or even greater than in the control. The planted timber species and the green manures were important sources of K and Ca to the litter layer while the peach-palm was an important source of Mg. In general, the litter of AFs had lower C:nutrient ratios than the litter in the secondary forest control, indicating a faster nutrient recycling in the AFs.     

内蒙古希拉穆仁退化草场恢复治理的生态对策

过度放牧和旅游践踏导致了希拉穆仁草原严重的退化、沙化。为了保护自然资源,实现可持续发展,必须十分重视维持生态平衡。采取科学对策尽快治理生态环境势在必行。     

小流域生态修复过程中不同森林植被土壤入渗与贮水特征

在山东省邹城市刘庄小流域水土保持生态修复区内,对9种森林植被类型的土壤入渗和土壤贮水特征进行了研究。结果表明：①各种森林植被都具有明显的改良土壤水文物理性质、提高土壤入渗和贮水能力的作用,混交林的土壤入渗和贮水能力明显大于单纯林,单纯林的土壤饱和贮水量和土壤稳定入渗率分别比荒草坡地高33％和142％,而混交林的分别比荒草坡地高54％和358％。②各种森林植被对土壤(非毛管)滞留贮水功能的改善程度大于对土壤(毛管)吸持贮水功能的改善,混交林的土壤(毛管)最大吸持贮水量比荒草坡地高37％,而平均土壤(非毛管)最大滞留贮水量比荒草坡地高89％。③霍顿(Horton)入渗模型和通用经验入渗模型都能较好地反映研究地区各种森林植被的土壤入渗过程,但菲刑浦(Philip)模型对入渗过程的拟合效果较差。