北京地区冷季型草坪草病害调查及防治

通过对北京及周边地区草坪病害调查,初步研究了草坪病害的主要种类、发生规律及危害程度.结果表明,对草坪破坏大、严重影响景观效果的病害种类有褐斑病、腐霉枯萎病、夏季斑枯病、镰刀菌枯萎病、锈病和蠕孢叶枯病.杀菌剂抑菌效果表明,甲基托布津、代森锰锌、杀毒矾、瑞毒霉和灭霉威在试验浓度范围内对4种病菌都有抑菌作用;种子包衣抑菌效果显示大部分包衣剂能够防止种子发生霉变,除镰刀菌外,种子包衣剂处理对各种病菌均有不同程度的抑制效果.     

PEG干旱胁迫对3种葱属植物种子萌发期渗透调节物质及酶活性的影响

为探明东北地区常见野生葱属植物耐旱能力,筛选野生葱属植物耐旱种质资源,本研究以野韭（Allium ramosum L.）、山韭（Allium senescens L.）和蒙古韭（Allium mongolicum Regel）3种葱属植物为材料,采用不同浓度的PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫,分析其种子萌发期渗透调节物质及酶活性的影响,并结合主成分分析和隶属函数分析比较抗旱性。结果表明：干旱胁迫下,3种葱属植物种子萌发期相对电导率显著升高（P<0.05）,丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量及超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶活性均呈现先上升后下降的趋势。3种植物相比,山韭相对电导率最低,渗透调节物质积累量最高,酶活性变化明显。主成分分析表明,4种酶活性之间显示出强相关性。隶属函数分析得出3种植物种子的抗旱性由高到低依次为：山韭 > 野韭 > 蒙古韭。     

黄河三角洲新生湿地不同植被类型土壤的微生物分布特征

为探明黄河三角洲新生湿地土壤微生物分布特征,选取盐地碱蓬(Suaedasalsa)、柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)、芦苇(Phragmites communis)和拂子茅(Calamagrostis epigeios)4种湿地植被土壤,分春、夏、秋3个季节对其中细菌、真菌和放线菌数量组成和分布特征进行了研究。结果表明:不同植被类型湿地土壤中各类微生物数量差别明显,但总体上均偏少,而且优势种类非常明显,以细菌为主,放线菌居中,真菌最少;不同微生物数量上具有明显的季节分布特征,除拂子茅湿地细菌群落外,其他各群落数量均为夏季高,春、秋低;湿地土壤中微生物总量分布存在明显的根际效应,其中细菌的根际效应最为明显;土壤中氮和磷(总氮、总磷、速效氮、速效磷)含量对细菌的数量影响最明显;真菌分布与氮的含量关系密切,但与磷素关系不大;放线菌分布与氮含量相关性小,与磷素呈负相关;微生物数量与土壤pH值和电导率呈一定程度的负相关。本区土壤微生物分布与植被类型、土壤盐分和养分关系密切,且具有明显的季节动态。     

硒对汞致抗氧化系统损伤的拮抗作用

选用健康雏鸡250只作实验动物（对照组、中毒组、3个水平的硒保护组），研究汞对血液、组织中GSH－Px活性和LPO含量的影响以及硒与汞之间的相互作用效应。实验结果表明：汞可显著降低血清、组织中GSH－Px活性（P＜0.01），引起动物组织器官脂质过氧化，致使血清、组织中LPO含量显著增高（P＜0.01），且有时间－效应关系。从而说明汞能降低机体的抗氧化功能，损伤抗氧化系统；硒对汞致抗氧化系统的损伤具有拮抗作用。     

Antinociceptive,physiologic and biochemical effects of electroacupuncture combined with xylazine in hybrid goats

ObjectiveTo elucidate the antinociceptive, physiologic and biochemical effects of electroacupuncture (EA) and xylazine in hybrid goats.Study designProspective experimental study.AnimalsA total of 30 female hybrid goats aged 1–2 years and weighing 25 ± 2.9 kg (mean ± standard deviation).MethodsThe goats were divided into five groups and administered xylazine (0.1 mg kg⁻¹; group XYL.1), xylazine (0.3 mg kg⁻¹; group XYL.3), EA (group EA), EA + xylazine (0.1 mg kg⁻¹; group XYL.1-EA) and 0.9% saline (0.3 mL; control group CON). Nociceptive threshold and serum glucose concentration were measured at time 0 and at 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes and 24 hours after treatment. Nociceptive threshold was measured by passing potassium ions through the skin using potassium iontophoresis. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory frequency (f_R) and rectal temperature (RT) were recorded at times 0 and at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 minutes and 24 hours. Repeated-measures analyses were performed for each response variable; p < 0.05 was considered significant for all analyses.ResultsAntinociceptive effects in groups XYL.1 and XYL.3 were increased significantly at 15–60 minutes compared with group CON. Antinociceptive effect was higher in group XYL.1-EA than groups XYL.1 or EA at 15–60 minutes (p < 0.05). No significant difference in the nociceptive threshold was recorded in groups XYL.1-EA and XYL.3, except at 30 minutes. HR, MAP, f_R, RT values were higher in group XYL.1-EA than in groups XYL.1 or XYL.3. Serum glucose concentration was higher in group XYL.3 at 15–60 minutes than in CON.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe XYL.1 and EA combination was effective for antinociception with minimum physiologic alteration, suggesting that the combination may be a new and effective strategy for pain relief during clinical procedures in goats.     

Sodium bicarbonate protects uranium-induced acute nephrotoxicity through uranium-decorporation by urinary alkalinization in rats

To evaluate the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate (SB) in removing uranium and protecting animals from uranium toxicity, we intramuscularly administered 1 mg/kg of uranyl nitrate to 8-wk-old male SD rats, and 20 min after administration of uranyl nitrate, the animals were given a single oral administration of SB at 0.1, 0.3 or 1 g/kg. The SB treatment at a dose of 0.3 g/kg or more raised the pH of the rats’ urine until 4 h after treatment, and it significantly reduced the uranium amounts in the kidneys at 1 day after treatment. In another experiment, rats were intramuscularly administered 1 mg/kg of uranyl nitrate, and 20 min later, the animals were treated with sodium bicarbonate (0.1 or 1 g/kg). The rats were autopsied at 1, 3 and 7 days after uranium treatment. High-dose SB resulted in a significant increase in urinary uranium excretion in the first 24 h and a reduction of uranium deposition in the kidneys and femurs, and it also significantly suppressed uranium-induced renal toxicity, as shown by both histopathology and clinical chemistry at 3 days after uranium treatment. Low-dose SB did not show such marked effects. Our findings demonstrated that the uranium decorporation effect of sodium bicarbonate was observed at the dosage showing urine alkalinization in rats and that decorporation effect of sodium bicarbonate might be beneficial if it is administered immediately after incorporation of soluble uranium.     

猪圆环病毒2型核酸疫苗的小鼠免疫保护试验

为了研究猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)核酸疫苗在小鼠攻毒试验中的免疫保护效果,以PCV-2 GXWZ-1株为模板,扩增出ORF2基因及其截短基因8个片段(A(ORF2)、B(51-100aa)、C(101-150aa)、D(181-235aa)、E(151-200aa)、F(51-150aa)、G(101-235aa)、H(51-235aa)),将其插入到pcDNA3.0载体中,构建出真核表达质粒,并将其转染至PK-15细胞,用间接免疫荧光试验检测其瞬时表达情况。将试验小鼠随机分成9组,其中免疫组7组,阴阳性对照各1组,将纯化的真核表达质粒对小鼠进行组合免疫;二免后,用经处理过的PCV-2 GXWZ-2株阳性病料悬液腹腔注射免疫组和非免疫对照组小鼠,阴性对照组用生理盐水腹腔注射;其后进行体重记录、病理切片制作及PCR检测。结果表明:共有6个真核表达质粒成功在PK-15细胞中表达。在攻毒后的3周内,阳性对照组小鼠PCR诊断均为阳性;免疫组中,部分组小鼠在攻毒后第1周或在第2周为阳性,到第3周时各免疫组小鼠全部为阴性;阴性对照组始终为阴性。免疫组在病理保护学方面明显优于非免疫对照组,非免疫对照组的体重增长速率略低于免疫组和阴性对照组。由此可见猪圆环病毒2型核酸疫苗在小鼠攻毒试验中有明显的保护作用。     

野马追克喘散治疗猪呼吸道疾病效果试验

目的：应用野马追克喘散新兽药对呼吸道综合征进行临床疗效试验,为推广野马追克喘散提供科学依据。方法：将自然感染、症状典型、猪呼吸道综合征的140头病猪（杜长大三元杂交）,平均体重20～25kg,随机分为7个组,每组20头,其中第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组用野马追克喘散治疗,分别以高、中、低剂量给药;第Ⅳ、Ⅴ组分别用麻杏石甘散、金花平喘散以常规剂量给药;Ⅵ、Ⅶ组以硫酸卡那霉素注射液（0.2mL/kg体重）和泰乐菌素（0.4mL/kg体重）以常规剂量给药。结果：野马追克喘散的治疗效果较麻杏石甘散和金花平喘散治疗效果好,治愈率也达93.3%。结论：野马追克喘散治疗猪气喘咳嗽疗效较高,收效较快,维持时间较长,是较理想的药物。     

吡虫啉、阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯亚致死剂量对绿色型豌豆蚜发育及繁殖的影响

为了了解吡虫啉,阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯不同亚致死剂量对绿色型豌豆蚜实验种群参数的影响,阐明绿色型豌豆蚜发育及繁殖与亚致死剂量的关系,并为豌豆蚜的综合防治提供理论依据。在22~24℃,光照周期L∶D=16 h∶8 h,相对湿度(RH)70%~80%条件下,采用带虫浸叶法确定吡虫啉,阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯对绿色型豌豆蚜的亚致死剂量,通过叶碟饲养,记录其发育历期、产蚜量和寿命。结果表明,吡虫啉,阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯LC₂₀、LC₁₀分别处理成蚜后,成蚜平均寿命和平均产蚜量均显著低于对照(P<0.05),其中阿维菌素LC₂₀处理平均寿命最短为3.34 d,高效氯氰菊酯LC₂₀处理平均产蚜量最低为14.30头;F₁代除3龄历期无显著差异外(P>0.05),其余各龄期历期变化规律不明显,但成虫期、存活率、平均产蚜量、净增殖率及平均世代周期均表现为LC₁₀大于LC₂₀,在阿维菌素LC₁₀下,F₁代成蚜寿命、成蚜平均产蚜量、净增殖率及平均世代周期达到最大值且均大于对照,分别为9.76,77.76,65.32,12.41。表明吡虫啉,阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯不同亚致死剂量处理成蚜后,对其寿命和繁殖力均起到抑制作用,但对F₁代影响表现为大部分生物学参数随亚致死剂量降低而升高。     

饲料对乳制品风味的影响

低脂奶牛日粮会提高风味干酪内源脂肪酸中硬质脂肪水平、蓝干酪风味甲基酮和桃色椰子风味δ-内酯的前体物,而高脂奶牛日粮则与之相反。日粮在瘤胃中产生的丙酸代谢能从日粮油酸中形成芳香味的γ-十二烷内酯、从日粮亚油酸中形成芳香味的γ-十二-顺-6-内酯。味美牧草会产生富含颜色的奶脂肪,并把植醇、二氢植醇、植物烯、植二烯以及它们的低等同族体引入到奶脂肪中。无蛋白合成日粮会降低动物风味的吲哚和粪臭素。