加强林政执法工作的对策与建议

分析了目前林政执法的现状,并对我国林政执法工作中存在的问题进行了阐述,从建立健全林业综合执法机构、加强执法制度建设、完善执法体系等方面提出了林政资源管理创新的对策与建议。     

采用高速摄影技术测定油葵籽粒三维碰撞恢复系数

为了建立油葵籽粒在收获、输送等机械化生产环节中与机具零部件间作用的碰撞模型。该文基于镜面反射原理和运动学原理,设计了模拟三维空间坐标系的油葵籽粒碰撞恢复系数测定装置。选取新疆收获期矮大头DW667品种油葵籽粒作为研究对象,借助高速摄影技术,记录油葵籽粒在空间碰撞运动中的三维动态坐标。针对影响油葵恢复系数的因素:碰撞材料、下落高度、碰撞角度、碰撞部位、材料厚度和含水率等开展了单因素试验和正交试验研究。单因素试验结果表明,油葵籽粒与Q235、铝合金、有机玻璃、橡胶等碰撞材料之间恢复系数依次减小;油葵籽粒与Q235之间恢复系数,随碰撞角度的整体变化趋势是随碰撞角度增加而增大,随着下落高度的增加而减小,随着材料厚度的增加而增大,随着含水率增大而降低,且在碰撞部位试验中,籽粒上侧与碰撞材料碰撞恢复系数最大。建立了下落高度、碰撞角度、材料厚度、含水率与恢复系数的回归方程,且方程的决定系数均大于0.95。正交试验结果表明,影响恢复系数各因素的次序为:碰撞材料>碰撞部位>下落高度>碰撞角度>材料厚度>含水率,其中碰撞材料、下落高度、碰撞角度、碰撞部位影响极显著,材料厚度、含水率影响显著。对比试验结果表明:基于古典牛顿法求解的恢复系数值小于能量角度求解的恢复系数值;三维碰撞法比二维碰撞法求解的恢复系数值高。验证试验结果表明:三维碰撞法计算出的预测反弹高度值更接近油葵籽粒实际反弹高度值。该研究结果可为油葵机械化生产关键部件优化设计提供参考以及为农业物料参数求解提供新的思路。     

漫反射薄膜覆盖大棚效果初报

应用漫反射聚氯乙烯薄膜在春夏覆盖大棚,一般比普通聚氯乙烯薄膜大棚内的一天中的最低温度高2.43℃,最高温度低2.34℃,从而使棚内蔬菜受冷、热害的程度减轻,尤其是能使一天中适宜于蔬菜生长发育的温度持续的时间相对显著延长,在漫反射薄膜棚内栽培的蔬菜表现长势好,光合作用强,氮代谢旺,结球甘蓝和生菜可增产15%左右,黄瓜和番茄的早期产量增产幅度较大,在20%以上,总产量可增产10%左右。     

加强高新技术区立法初探

本文通过借鉴发达国家高新技术区立法的成功经验，说明了加入WTO后我国加强高新技术区立法的重要性、紧迫性和现实性。对于我国正在建设发展的高新技术区有着理论和 实践的借鉴意义。     

Intrinsic UV reflection and fluorescence studies for water sorption in polycarbonate, polyurethane and poly(ethylene terephthalate) films

Intrinsic UV reflection and fluorescence behaviors of polycarbonate, polyurethane and poly(ethylene terephthalate) films were investigated in order to characterize the interaction of water in these films. During water sorption process, UV reflection spectra of polycarbonate and polyurethane films showed little peak position changes. Fluorescence emission spectra of polycarbonate films showed red spectral shifts from 332 nm with water immersion time. This red-shifted peak could be due to phenyl-2-phenoxybenzoate, which is one of the major thermal degradation products in polycarbonate. Fluorescence peaks of polyurethane films appeared at two different positions and the ratio of these peak intensities increased with increasing immersion time. In the case of PET films, the UV reflection spectrum showed the peak intensity around 340 nm to change in response to water sorption. The fluorescence near 388 nm probably due to ground state dimer exhibited sensitivity with water sorption, when excited at 340 nm.     

Effects of 8 hemodynamic conditions on direct blood pressure values obtained simultaneously from the carotid,femoral and dorsal pedal arteries in dogs

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of 8 hemodynamic conditions on blood pressure measurements taken from the carotid, femoral and dorsal pedal arteries of dogs.AnimalsSix healthy dogs.MethodsDuring isoflurane anesthesia, catheters were introduced into the carotid, femoral and dorsal pedal arteries of dogs to allow simultaneous monitoring of direct blood pressure in each artery. The dogs were submitted to 8 hemodynamic conditions induced by combining changes in heart rate (bradycardia, normocardia, tachycardia) with changes in blood pressure (hypotension, normotension, hypertension). Values obtained from each arterial catheter were compared and agreement between central (carotid) and peripheral (femoral and dorsal pedal) values were analyzed by the Bland–Altman method.ResultsDuring hypotensive conditions, systolic arterial pressure (SAP) was lower in the femoral and dorsal pedal arteries compared to the carotid artery whereas during normotensive and hypertensive conditions, SAP was higher in peripheral arteries. During hypotensive states, increases in heart rate resulted in greater bias between central and peripheral SAP whereas during normotensive states, the bias decreased as heart rate increased. Mean and diastolic arterial pressures were lower in the femoral and dorsal pedal arteries than in the carotid artery during most hemodynamic conditions.ConclusionsIn healthy anesthetized dogs, invasive blood pressure measurements in peripheral arteries may differ significantly from measurements in a central artery. The greatest differences were observed in SAP and the magnitude of differences between central and peripheral blood pressure measurements varied according to the dog's hemodynamic condition.     

6S辐射校正与像元分解结合提高苹果树花期冠层反射率反演精度

为了获取近似真实的苹果树冠层反射率,该文以山东省栖霞市为研究区,应用DEM数据和6S辐射传输模型,对苹果树花期TM影像进行辐射校正、混合像元分解,获取26个果园苹果树冠层反演反射率,将反演结果与相同时段地面实测冠层反射率以及表观反射率、表观—像元分解反射率进行比较,分析了反演效果及精度。结果表明,地表反演反射率有效减弱了地形和大气的影响,恢复了阴影处的地物,影像清晰度明显提高;苹果树冠层反演反射率样本平均值误差较表观、表观—像元分解、地表反演3类反射率小,与实测值的相关系数提高,而且样本间变化趋势与实测值基本一致。此反演方法具有一定可行性,对于苹果树冠层反射率和苹果园管理基础数据获取与应用具有积极意义,也可为其他农业遥感反演研究及应用提供借鉴。     

甜菜花叶病及种质资源抗性的研究进展

甜菜花叶病是甜菜生产的世界性病害,可经多种蚜虫非持久性传播。花叶病毒侵染甜菜,嫩叶常出现脉间褪绿的明脉现象,发生皱缩;功能叶片会出现明暗相间的绿色斑驳,进而产生花叶,严重的发生坏死,给甜菜生产造成巨大损失。归纳了BtMV病原及种质资源抗性的研究概况,分析了BtMV病原生物学特性、病原基因组及编码蛋白结构功能,病原介体及病毒复制模式,以及BtMV侵染甜菜植株及叶片的结构与微观变化。总结了当前用于甜菜花叶病的检测方法和甜菜种质资源的花叶病抗性与抗病反应的研究进展。提出了当前甜菜抗花叶病需要深入开展的研究论题,并对甜菜抗花叶病分子机理和基因工程育种进行了展望。为该病的深入性研究,特别是基因工程育种提供参考。     

衰减全反射红外光谱分析技术识别食用植物油

[目的]利用衰减全反射红外光谱分析技术,对植物油种类、制油工艺和掺伪进行判别。[方法]以不同制油工艺制取的菜籽油、花生油和芝麻油为研究对象,用ATR附件采集样品在谱区4 000~400 cm-1范围内的红外光谱,利用PLS＋ANN、PNN、PLS-DA方法对植物油进行识别。[结果]植物油种类判别正确率为100%,制油工艺判别正确率为80%,掺杂5%以上的花生油可正确判别。[结论]利用衰减全反射红外光谱分析技术可实现食用植物油的准确判别。     

城市模型反射率测量方法与运用

介绍了一种测试城市模型反射率的试验方法。制作10个条形和十字形的城市模型进行测试,观测路面不同反射率对城市反射率的影响,并将实测模型反射率与ASTM E1918-06规范计算结果进行对比。研究发现:瞬时太阳辐射强度变化值在规范允许范围内,模型计算的反射率与ASTM E1918-06测量值的误差在0~0.1之间。当峡谷纵横比(建筑物高度与路面宽度之比)为1.0时,路面反射率从0.15提高到0.65,城市峡谷反射率增幅在0~0.30之间;提高路面反射率并不能有效提高城市峡谷反射率,尤其是纵横比较大的深峡谷。城市峡谷中的多重反射抑制城市反射率的提高。同时,反射路面将给行人增加额外的辐射通量,可能带来热不适感和眩光刺眼等问题。因此,应谨慎看待反射路面作为一个缓解城市热岛效应策略。