论少数民族卓越法律人才的培养——以中央民族大学“卓越法律人才教育培养计划”实施为例

卓越法律人才教育培养计划是我国创新法律人才教育培养模式的重大举措。针对为民族地区培养既有厚实的法律专业知识,又懂民族语言和民族习惯的应用型法律人才这一培养目标,应当创新法律人才培养模式,一是对少数民族卓越法律人才培养进行准确定位;二是少数民族卓越法律人才的培养应该进行“重点突破”;三是构建完善的师资队伍;四是强化实践教学,重点培养法律人才在民族地区的执业能力;五是建章立制,为少数民族卓越法律人才的培养提供政策保障。     

农业经济管理专业人才培养模式研究简

介绍了农业经济管理专业人才培养模式,从培养方法、管理体制、课程教学、培养交流、教材与教学建设几方面,提出了农业经济管理人才培养模式运行策略.     

体验式训练对大学生人文素质影响的研究

运用试验、文献研究、问卷调查等方法,以体验式训练为手段,对大连海洋大学、大连海事大学在校大学生的人文素质状况进行了研究,分析了大学生人文素质在试验前后的差异性。调查结果表明,目前我国高校大学生的人文素质状况较差,而多数大学生希望提高自己的人文素质。体验式训练的一些独特训练模式和训练手段可以帮助大学生提高人文素质,体验式训练课程也可作为人文素质教育的有益补充。     

国家级自然保护区干部教育培训现状分析及对策研究

国家级自然保护区是保护生物多样性、维护国土生态安全、建设生态文明和促进经济社会可持续发展的重要载体。国家级自然保护区干部队伍在促进生态林业可持续发展等方面发挥着重要作用。根据抽样调查结果分析,国家级自然保护区干部队伍年龄结构相对较好,高层次人才严重不足,队伍整体素质相对偏低,难以适应日益发展的保护事业的需要。“十一五”期间,全国自然保护区系统切实强化干部教育培训,取得显著成效。但是,同当前现代林业和自然保护事业发展的形势相比,干部教育培训工作仍远远不能满足需要。干部教育培训还存在一些亟待解决的问题。今后一个时期,建议统筹推进全员培训,全面提升知识能力,创新培训方式方法。     

Cortisol release,heart rate and heart rate variability,and superficial body temperature,in horses lunged either with hyperflexion of the neck or with an extended head and neck position

Bringing the head and neck of ridden horses into a position of hyperflexion is widely used in equestrian sports. In our study, the hypothesis was tested that hyperflexion is an acute stressor for horses. Salivary cortisol concentrations, heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV) and superficial body temperature were determined in horses (n = 16) lunged on two subsequent days. The head and neck of the horse was fixed with side reins in a position allowing forward extension on day A and fixed in hyperflexion on day B. The order of treatments alternated between horses. In response to lunging, cortisol concentration increased (day A from 0.73 ± 0.06 to 1.41 ± 0.13 ng/ml, p < 0.001; day B from 0.68 ± 0.07 to 1.38 ± 0.13 ng/ml, p < 0.001) but did not differ between days A and B. Beat‐to‐beat (RR) interval decreased in response to lunging on both days. HRV variables standard deviation of RR interval (SDRR) and RMSSD (root mean square of successive RR differences) decreased (p < 0.001) but did not differ between days. In the cranial region of the neck, the difference between maximum and minimum temperature was increased in hyperflexion (p < 0.01). In conclusion, physiological parameters do not indicate an acute stress response to hyperflexion of the head alone in horses lunged at moderate speed and not touched with the whip. However, if hyperflexion is combined with active intervention of a rider, a stressful experience for the horse cannot be excluded.     

Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 7. Bone and articular cartilage response in the carpus

AIM: To describe features of the morphology of the carpus, quantify the thickness of hyaline and calcified cartilage, and to describe the morphology and density of subchondral bone in the third carpal bone (C3) of young Thoroughbred horses in early training.

METHODS: C3 of seven 2-year-old horses in training and seven untrained horses matched for age, sex and breed were assessed by gross appearance, computed tomography, fine-structure radiography, image analysis of high-resolution photographs, and histology.

RESULTS: Macroscopic lesions in cartilage were few and mild, and not significantly different between groups. High bone mineral density (BMD), in some cases typical of cortical bone, was confined to the dorsal load path, and was significantly higher in trained than in untrained horses (p<0.01). In the most dorsoproximal aspect of the radial articular facet, apparently outside the dorsal load path, the BMD in both trained and untrained horses was significantly less than in other regions of interest (ROIs). Adaptive increase in density was associated with thickening of the (junctions of) trabeculae oriented proximo-distally. Hyaline cartilage was thicker (p<0.001) in the concavity of the radial articular facet than dorsal or palmar to it, and was thicker in the trained than untrained group (p=0.007). No such differences were detected in the thickness of articular calcified cartilage (ACC).

CONCLUSIONS: The rapid response of bone in C3 to relatively small amounts of high-speed exercise was confirmed. A previously unreported increase in thickness of hyaline cartilage was evident, perhaps indicating that this tissue may be more responsive than hitherto thought, at least to particular types of exercise at particular times. These changes occurred with little evidence of abnormality, and thus appeared to be adaptive to the exercise regimen. The model developed should be used for further definition of the exercise stimulus required to produce adaptive, protective changes in sites susceptible to athletic injury.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The data will serve as reference for use in subsequent imaging studies in which sophisticated aids such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to predict carpal lesions.     

Farmer-to-Farmer Extension Facilitated by Agricultural Training Institutions: A Case of NERICA Dissemination in Tanzania

Abstract

The Kilimanjaro Agricultural Training Center (KATC) extension approach has disseminated cultivation techniques for irrigated rice across Tanzania. KATC provides training to extension officers and key farmers (KFs). It also helps subsequent farmer-to-farmer (FTF) extension from KFs to intermediate farmers (IFs) and then to other farmers (OFs). The long-term intensive training for irrigated rice was greatly simplified for the dissemination of NERICA1 that was recently released for rainfed rice fields. While the original approach involves a 12-day residential training and a season-long field follow-up, the simplified one only provides a 2-day residential training. Here, we investigated the extent to which the simplified approach diffused NERICA1. The FTF extension worked almost theoretically from KFs to IFs but not from KFs/IFs to OFs over three cropping seasons. However, the number of OFs gradually increased with little intervention, suggesting that this approach should have some mechanism that encourages participation of OF from an early dissemination stage.     

新形势下水利水电专业人才培养模式研究

2011年中央一号文件《关于加快水利改革发展的决定》指出水是生命之源、生产之要、生态之基,兴水利、除水害,事关人类生存、经济发展、社会进步,历来是治国兴邦的大事.进入新世纪,中国的水利事业再次得到了国家领导的全面重视,这对水利水电事业的发展带来了巨大的生机.水利事业的发展,离不开水利专业的高等教育.而高等院校水利类专业要培养什么样的人才、采取什么样的人才培养模式则尤为重要.     

竹叶提取物对大强度耐力训练大鼠不同组织ATPase活性的影响

[目的]考察竹叶提取物对大鼠各组织ATPase活性及运动能力的影响,评价其在抗疲劳补剂开发应用方面的可行性,为开发新型配方的体育训练用抗疲劳补剂提供理论依据.[方法]选择24只Sprague-Dawley（SD）大鼠为研究对象,将其随机分为3组：运动加药组、运动对照组、安静对照组.运动加药组进行大强度耐力训练和服用竹叶提取物（服用量300 mg/kg·d,连续灌服6周）;运动对照组进行大强度耐力训练,但不服用竹叶提取物,而是服用等体积蒸馏水;安静对照组不进行大强度耐力训练,也不服用竹叶提取物,只服用等体积蒸馏水.6周后,测量各组SD大鼠不同组织的Na＋,K＋-ATPase和Ca2＋,Mg2＋-ATPase活性及大鼠的力竭运动时间.[结果]大强度耐力训练能引起SD大鼠心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脑组织及股四头肌Na＋,K＋-ATPase和Ca2＋,Mg2＋-ATPase活性显著（P＜0.05）或极显著下降（P＜0.01）,而服用竹叶提取物可有效抑制大强度耐力训练造成的ATPase活性降低,可使SD大鼠力竭运动时间延迟28.87％.[结论]竹叶提取物具有保护大鼠组织免受大强度耐力训练损伤的作用,缓解疲劳产生,提高运动能力,适于作为开发抗运动疲劳补剂的原料.     

基于多足机器人主题的学生创新能力培养方法探索与实践

根据我国制造业对创新型人才需求,提出了一套学生创新设计能力培养方法,具体包括：学生创新团队建立方法、学生创新设计活动指导方法和学生创新设计成果评价方法。以多足机器人为主题,通过对4个创新设计小组的指导实践,把培养方法和实际教学融为一体。以全国性学科竞赛为平台,对学生的创新设计成果进行了评价,同时验证本研究提出的创新设计能力培养方法的合理性和有效性。