包衣棉种物性参数测定与离散元仿真参数标定

针对目前在EDEM(离散元法)中直接建立的棉种颗粒模型与实际棉种在外形上存在一定差异,且缺乏准确的包衣棉种仿真参数的问题,采用物理试验方法测定‘新陆中67号’棉种的基本物理力学参数,研究包衣对棉种与有机玻璃板间的接触参数(碰撞恢复系数、静摩擦因数和滚动摩擦因数)的影响,基于逆向工程技术建立棉种离散元颗粒模型,运用响应曲面分析法建立包衣棉种种间接触参数与休止角相对误差的二阶回归模型,结合物理试验和仿真试验对仿真参数进行标定,确定包衣棉种种间碰撞恢复系数、静摩擦因数和滚动摩擦因数的最优参数组合,并利用棉花精密排种器排种试验对仿真参数进行验证。结果表明:‘新陆中67号’棉种的泊松比为0.27,剪切模量为14 MPa,包衣剂对棉种表面摩擦特性有一定影响,包衣棉种与有机玻璃之间的碰撞恢复系数、静摩擦因数和滚动摩擦因数分别为0.25、0.49和0.21,包衣棉种种间碰撞恢复系数、静摩擦因数和滚动摩擦因数分别为0.19、0.23和0.13,此最优参数组合下排种仿真试验与台架试验的合格率和漏播率相对误差均小于5%,包衣棉种离散元颗粒模型和仿真参数可用于离散元仿真模拟试验。     

FDS土壤水分传感器的两步标定法

在有机溶液、砂土和基质(泥炭、蛭石、珍珠岩质量比4.5:4.5:1.0)中对基于频域(FD)原理的FDS系列水分传感器进行了测试,并根据实验结果对其阻抗特性、一致性和测量精度进行了分析。传感器的标定工作分2步进行,首先利用有机溶液建立传感器输出电压信号V与介电常数ε的关系,然后通过Topp公式间接得出传感器输出信号与土壤含水率之间的关系。在砂土和基质中的实验结果表明,采用两步标定法标定后,FDS系列传感器测量得到的砂土和基质含水率与烘干法得到的含水率的相关系数分别为0.90和0.95,其输出电压与ML2型传感器输出电压的相关系数>0.99,表明该标定方法能够满足测量精度要求。     

荸荠离散元仿真参数标定与试验

针对荸荠深加工中机械去皮、切块等技术与装备研发缺乏离散元仿真模型与参数、难以通过仿真指导装置设计与优化的问题,该研究开展了荸荠的离散元参数标定与试验研究。借助三维扫描逆向建模技术获得荸荠轮廓,通过物理试验测得其本征参数和基本接触参数,通过质构仪测得刀片对荸荠的最大剪切力为67.2 N。应用Hertz-Mindlin with bonding模型对荸荠进行建模,以最大剪切力为评价指标,对粘结参数进行虚拟标定试验,采用二水平析因试验和最陡爬坡试验筛选显著性因素,通过响应面法设计试验和优化求解,并进行仿真验证。结果显示,仿真值和实测最大剪切力相对误差为0.89%。进行不同刀片的剪切试验,结果表明,仿真值与实测最大剪切力相对误差不高于7.41%。研究结果表明,该研究所建荸荠模型与参数标定结果可用于离散元仿真研究,对荸荠去皮、切块加工装置设计具有指导意义。     

Comparison of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy calibration strategies for the botanical composition of grass‐clover mixtures

Predicting species composition in mixed swards by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) can save labour in grassland research, provided equations are available. This study compares calibration strategies to predict species composition in swards with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens). The compared calibration strategies were based on either real or artificial samples. Real samples are samples taken from multispecies swards; the species composition is known by hand separating; after separating, the original samples are recomposed. Artificial samples are samples obtained by mixing single species grown in pure stands in known proportions. The performance of the equation based on real samples was significantly better than the performance of the equation based on artificial samples. We hypothesized that the weak performance of the equation based on artificial samples was due to a lack of environmental variation in the spectra of the artificial samples. The hypothesis was supported by the good performance of a novel calibration strategy based on the spectra of the artificial samples with added variation. According to the obtained results, a calibration strategy based on few but diverse calibration samples is discussed.     

Modelling pasture production and soil temperature,water and carbon fluxes in Mediterranean grassland systems with the Pasture Simulation model

Grasslands play important roles in agricultural production and provide a range of ecosystem services. Modelling can be a valuable adjunct to experimental research in order to improve the knowledge and assess the impact of management practices in grassland systems. In this study, the PaSim model was assessed for its ability to simulate plant biomass production, soil temperature, water content, and total and heterotrophic soil respiration in Mediterranean grasslands. The study site was the extensively managed sheep grazing system at the Berchidda‐Monti Observatory (Sardinia, Italy), from which two data sets were derived for model calibration and validation respectively. A new model parameterization was derived for Mediterranean conditions from a set of eco‐physiological parameters. With the exception of heterotrophic respiration (Rh), for which modelling efficiency (EF) values were negative, the model outputs were in agreement with observations (e.g., EF ranging from ~0.2 for total soil respiration to ~0.7 for soil temperature). These results support the effectiveness of PaSim to simulate C cycle components in Mediterranean grasslands. The study also highlights the need of further model development to provide better representation of the seasonal dynamics of Mediterranean annual species‐rich grasslands and associated peculiar Rh features, for which the modelling is only implicitly being undertaken by the current PaSim release.     

基于响应曲面法的非道路用高压共轨柴油机设计点优化标定

针对柴油机采用高压共轨系统带来标定与优化工作量显著增加的问题,基于Box-Behnken设计与响应面法对处于标定阶段的一款非道路用高压共轨柴油机进行了研究。以该柴油机设计点为例,在最大转矩转速1 600 r/min与额定功率转速2 600 r/min的全负荷工况下,选取主喷油量、预喷油量、主喷正时以及喷油压力4个标定变量为因子,在满足设计指标与相关约束的条件下进行了优化标定。试验结果表明:基于响应曲面法建立的柴油机各二阶响应面回归模型具有良好的准确性和预测能力,决定系数R2、调整决定系数R2 adj以及预测决定系数R2 pred均在0.92以上,试验值与预测值的最大偏差不超过3.07%;优化之后得出的标定变量组合使得该非道路用高压共轨柴油机的最大转矩达到200.7 N?m,额定功率达到40.1 k W,满足其设计指标,同时有效燃油消耗率、空燃比、最高气缸压力以及最高排气歧管气体温度均在许可的约束范围之内,表明将响应曲面法用于非道路用高压共轨柴油机设计点的优化标定是可行的。     

控释肥颗粒群仿真接触参数标定与试验

接触参数影响控释肥颗粒离散元仿真结果。为了精准模拟控释肥颗粒力学行为与运动规律,本文基于离散元法对控释肥颗粒的接触参数进行标定与试验。首先,建立控释肥离散元基础模型,并利用台架和仿真试验相结合的方法,在EDEM中对控释肥颗粒与PVC板之间接触参数进行标定。其次,通过碰撞弹跳试验、斜面滑移试验和斜面滚动试验测得控释肥颗粒与PVC板之间的碰撞恢复系数、静摩擦因数和滚动摩擦因数分别为0.539、0.507和0.105。最后,通过堆积试验、最陡爬坡试验和正交旋转组合试验,得到控释肥颗粒间的碰撞恢复系数、静摩擦因数和滚动摩擦因数分别为0.38、0.25和0.09,并通过无底圆筒提升试验和排肥台架试验进行验证。试验结果表明,堆积角实际值与仿真结果的相对误差为1.54%,排肥量实际值与仿真结果4种转速下的相对误差分别为4.38%、4.23%、4.41%、4.36%,所标定的控释肥接触参数精准有效,可为控释肥离散元仿真提供数据和模型支撑。     

玉米秸秆粉料致密成型离散元模型参数标定

为了提升秸秆粉料致密成型过程中离散元仿真所需参数的准确性,以玉米秸秆粉料为研究对象,利用EDEM软件中的Hertz-Mindlin with JKR粘结接触模型进行玉米秸秆粉料致密成型离散元仿真模型参数标定研究.首先,以接触参数的物理试验结果作为仿真参数选择依据,应用Plackett-Burman试验对初始参数进行筛选...     

立体视觉系统标定及成熟果实定位

根据颜色特征利用阈值自动设定的方法对图像进行分割,自动、快速地识别成熟柑橘,采用圆形Hough变换算法拟合出目标图像的形心坐标.采用现场标定技术标定系统,减少设备组装拆卸带来的误差.同时,对传统双目立体成像测距公式进行了改进,以增强其适应性,提高定位精度.实验结果表明,该方法简单、有效、可靠.     

PTC电阻式车用油位传感器控制系统研究

为了提高油位传感器的精确性,避免传统传感器的不足,根据传统的电阻油位传感器提出了在结构上采用PTC探针式电阻来获取油位,实时检测探针两端电压来分析并获取油位,并采用PID控制对数据进行修正。提出了基于压差的合理性范围检测油位评估检测系统并运用Simulink搭建系统的模型,在评估油位时出现不合理错误会报告给DSM系统,并重新测量。用系统标定实验和系统测量实验来验证系统的准确性。系统在一定程度上提高了测量的准确性并能够有效避开温度等其他因素的影响,经实验证明在标定后的检测系统精确性较高,最大相对误差不超过2.90%。