活化剂添加对重金属污染土壤性状的影响

利用活化剂来活化土壤中的重金属,进而被植物吸收,达到修复重金属污染土壤的目的 ,是一种高效环保的土壤重金属污染修复技术.活化剂的加入一方面提高了修复效果,另一方面也会对土壤性状产生影响.以Cd和Pb污染土壤为研究对象,通过室内盆栽实验研究添加不同浓度(1.0mmol/kg、3.0mmol/kg、5.0mmol/kg)活...     

Effect of high dietary starch levels on the growth performance, blood chemistry and body composition of gibel carp (Carassius auratus var. gibelio)

An 8-week growth trial was carried out in a semi-recirculation system to investigate the effect of high dietary starch levels on the growth performance, blood chemistry, starch utilization and body composition of gibel carp ( Carassius auratus var. gibelio). Five isonitrogenous and isocarloric experimental diets were formulated to contain different starch levels (24%, 28%, 32%, 36% and 40% respectively). Triplicate groups of fish (24 fish per tank with an average body weight, of 8.5 g) were assigned to each diet. The results showed that dietary carbohydrate levels significantly affected the growth performance, hepatopancreatic lipid content, pyruvate kinase (PK) activity and whole-body lipid content. Growth performance, body crude lipid and plasma glucose concentrations showed a decreasing trend with an increase in dietary starch from 24% to 40%. Pyruvate kinase activities and hepatopancreatic lipid content showed an increasing trend with the dietary starch increasing from 24% to 32%, and then a decreasing trend with the dietary starch increasing from 32% to 40%. No significant difference in the hepatopancreatic hexokinase (HK) activity, plasma triglyceride contents, body crude protein, ash and calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) contents was observed between different treatments. In conclusion, higher dietary starch levels (32–40%) significantly ( P <0.05) decreased the growth of gibel carp in the present study.     

Rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium capitatum × P. radens) growth and essential oil yield response to different soil water depletion regimes

Effective irrigation management in arid and semi-arid regions, like South Africa, could increase crop yield and thereby improve productivity of scarce fresh water resources. Experiments were conducted at the Hatfield Experimental Farm of the University of Pretoria, South Africa, from 2004 to 2006, to investigate the effect of soil water depletion regimes on rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium capitatum × P. radens cv. Rose) essential oil yield, essential oil composition and water-use efficiency in an open field and a rain shelter. Four maximum allowable soil water depletion levels (MAD), 20, 40, 60 and 80% of the plant available soil water (ASW) in the top 0.8 m root zone, were applied as treatments. Plant roots extracted most soil water from the top 0.4 m soil layer. Increasing the soil water depletion level to 60% and higher resulted in a significant reduction in herbage mass and essential oil yield. Water stress apparently increased the essential oil concentration (percentage oil on fresh herbage mass basis), but its contribution to total essential oil yield (kg/ha oil) was limited. Irrigation treatments did not affect essential oil composition. An increase in maximum allowable depletion level generally resulted in a decrease in leaf area and an increase in leaf to stem fresh mass ratio. Up to 28% of irrigation water could be saved by increasing maximum allowable depletion level of ASW from 20 to 40%, without a significant reduction in essential oil yield.     

花生体内几种酶的活性与抗锈病性的关系

在锈菌侵染前和侵染后的若干阶段测定了具有不同程度抗性的5个花生品种中的苯丙氨酸解氢酶(PAL),过氧化物酶(PO),多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性,并分析其与抗性的关系。结果表明,PAL是一种诱导酶,在测定的大多数时间内,呈现酶活性越大,抗性越强的趋势;在侵染后的12,24和48h,大多数品种病叶的PO活性高于健叶,基本上是品种愈感病酶活性变化愈大;在健康叶片中,PPO的活性变化与抗锈病性显著相关,但在受锈菌侵染的叶片组织中,PPO的活性变化似与抗性无明显相关。     

茶树花粉中丙酮酸脱氢酶(CsE1α)的定位分析及其启动子的克隆与表达

根据以往试验获得的Cs E1α的c DNA全长序列,利用TAIL-PCR克隆Cs E1α启动子。测序验证与生物信息学分析后发现,该启动子片段长336 bp,含有2个CAAT-box,2个TATA-box,2个GATA-box,1个LTR,1个G-box等顺式作用元件。构建载体转入洋葱内表皮细胞瞬时表达,启动子可启动下游报告基因,使荧光蛋白表达于整个细胞,表明所克隆的启动子具有启动功能。Cs E1α与GFP融合蛋白瞬时表达表明Cs E1α定位于线粒体。本实验为下一步转基因拟南芥稳定表达,进一步研究Cs E1α基因的表达调控,探讨茶树花粉抗寒的分子生物学机理奠定基础。     

利用葡萄糖、木糖生产燃料酒精的基因工程菌构建

以运动发酵单胞菌的总DNA为模板，PCR扩增Zymomonas mobilis中的乙醇脱氢酶基因（adhB）和丙酮酸脱羧酶基因（pdc）。首先进行单个基因表达，基因表达产物经SDS—PAGE电泳分析和乙醛指示平板检测，确认有酶活性后，将这2个基因串联构建多顺反子表达质粒pSE—pdc—adhB，转入大肠杆菌DH5a内，得重组工程菌株。工程菌株经IPTG诱导，分别在含10％葡萄糖和10％木糖培养基中于37℃培养72h，有乙醇产生，酒精产率分别为对照菌株21倍和5倍。     

PI3K信号通路关键基因在猪卵泡发育中的表达规律

【目的】研究不同时期猪卵巢卵泡发生的形态特征及磷脂酰肌醇3–激酶(Phosphoinositide 3-kinase,PI3K)信号通路关键基因在卵泡发生发育中的作用。【方法】通过HE染色观察12日龄、30日龄、70日龄、20月龄卵泡期及黄体期、48月龄的长大二元母猪卵巢卵泡发育的形态变化,应用实时荧光定量PCR检测PI3K通路关键基因在这些时期的表达规律,并通过Western blot法检测PI3K通路重要的下游效应因子p-rpS6在不同时期猪卵巢的表达情况。【结果】12日龄母猪卵巢皮质边缘有大量的原始卵泡,皮质与髓质交界处可见少量初级卵泡及个别的次级卵泡;30日龄母猪卵巢次级卵泡数量增加;70日龄出现3级卵泡;20月龄卵泡期、黄体期分别有大量成熟卵泡、大体积的黄体;48月龄较难观察到原始卵泡。PI3K通路抑制因子PTEN、TSC1、TSC2与激活因子PDK1、AKT1、mTOR的mRNA均在12日龄表达量最高,70日龄、48月龄表达量次之,30日龄和20月龄表达量最低;下游效应基因rpS6的mRNA 30日龄表达量最高,20和48月龄表达量最低,p-rpS6蛋白在12日龄、20月龄、48月龄母猪卵巢高表达,在30日龄、70日龄中几乎不表达。【结论】PI3K通路关键基因在不同时期母猪卵巢中的表达水平不同,说明该通路参与了猪卵泡的早期发生及卵泡成熟的调控过程。     

利用~(32)P示踪技术研究土壤磷素活性剂对大豆吸收土壤和肥料磷素量的影响

应用 3 2 P示踪技术研究了土壤磷素活化剂在磷肥肥效方面的影响。结果表明 ,施用土壤磷素活化剂可增加土壤磷素和肥料磷素的供应强度 ,促进大豆对土壤磷素和磷肥磷素的吸收。     

壳聚糖浸种对玉米幼苗根系中几种防御酶活性的影响

壳聚糖是几丁质脱乙酰基后得到的一种氨基多糖。用16mg·L(-1)的壳聚糖溶液浸种,可提高玉米幼苗根系中苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、过氧化物酶（PO）和多酚氧化酶（PPO）3种防御酶的活性。抗病杂交种冀丰58号的酶活性升高幅度,大于感病杂交种掖单13号。壳聚糖浸种后再接种肿囊腐霉,3种防御酶的活性增强较单独壳聚糖浸种或单独接种肿囊腐霉更明显。     

Changes of matrix metalloproteinase-3 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor in type 2 diabetes mellitus with macroangiopathy

AIM: To investigate the function of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) to macroangiopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: The levels of MMP-3 and uPAR in plasma were determined by ELISA sandwich method in 26 healthy controls and 39 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus including 15 complication-free cases and 24 with macroangiopathy. RESULTS: The plasma level of uPAR but not MMP-3 was higher in patients without macroangiopathy than that in normal controls (P<0.05). In patients with macroangiopathy, the plasma levels of MMP-3 and uPAR were higher than those in normal controls (P<0.01) and patients without angiopathy. There was positive relationship between MMP-3 and uPAR in type 2 diabetes mellitus (r=0.405, P<0.05), and LDL-C was the important affecting factor of uPAR. CONCLUSION: MMP-3 and uPAR are associated with the development of macroangiopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. MMP-3 can be regarded as the circulatory markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus with macroangiopathy.