论汽车电路搭铁不良的故障及检修技巧

现代汽车采用蓄电池负极与车身的金属部分相连接的导线称为搭铁线,搭铁线在汽车电路中起着重要的作用.介绍了汽车电路搭铁线的作用、常见故障的特征、故障分析与检测技巧.     

汽车电动助力转向系统路感特性分析

讨论了汽车转向路感的形成及定义,对电动助力转向系统的路感特性进行了分析,研究了电动助力转向系统路感的影响因素,提出了改善电动助力转向系统路感的方法,并对电动助力转向系统进行仿真分析,结果表明所提出的方法是正确有效的.     

双轮驱动电动汽车防滑控制系统的研究

建立了双轮驱动电动汽车加速过程的1/4动力学模型,以滑转率为调节对象,提出了一种基于模糊自整定PID控制算法的驱动防滑控制系统.设计了双轮驱动电动汽车驱动防滑系统的模糊PID控制器,在Matlab/Simulink仿真环境下进行了动态仿真,对比仿真结果表明,模糊自整定PID控制器的性能优于单一的PID控制.     

提高水产养殖专业生产实习质量的实践与思考——产学研合作教育

生产实习是水产养殖专业实践教学的重要组成部分。它重在理论联系实际,使学生能巩固所学的专业知识,提高发现问题、解决问题的能力。生产实习对于大学生实践能力的培养、综合素质的提高起着重要作用。通过产学研合作教育的实践,探索出了一种适合新时期生产实习教学模式,提高生产实习质量的有效途径,并对实习中存在的一些问题进行了探讨。     

不同水分条件下玉米秸秆还田对小麦群体发育和干物质积累及产量的影响

为探究土壤水分与秸秆还田对小麦生长的交互作用,通过防雨棚微区控水试验,研究了不同土壤水分条件下玉米秸秆粉碎翻压还田对小麦群体数量、干物质积累、籽粒产量等的影响。结果表明,干旱条件下,小麦群体数量、叶面积指数、干物质积累量、成穗数和产量显著降低,最大根冠比出现时间推迟至开花期;与秸秆不还田(CK)相比,秸秆还田(RS)处理的群体最大茎数提高了8.5%,灌浆期根冠比增加12.26%,但生育后期的叶面积指数显著降低,穗数、千粒重、产量和收获指数也分别下降5.10%、3.17%、15.46%和8.39%;轻旱和适宜水分条件下,根冠比在拔节期达到最大值,RS处理的群体最大茎数较CK增加12.04%~14.18%;拔节期根冠比显著增加,灌浆期则相反;RS处理的不孕小穗数减少了14.91%~18.98%,穗粒数和产量则分别提高9.18%~26.30%及5.76%~6.96%。在轻旱或适宜水分条件下,秸秆还田可以改善小麦群体质量,协调植株地上部与根系的生长,最终提高籽粒产量;而土壤干旱时不宜进行秸秆还田。     

The relationship between water intake rates,paddy ponding depth,and farmers’ water management techniques

Japanese farmers manage their irrigation water based on their past experiences and preferences, considering such factors as weather and available water (hereafter defined as empirical water management). They elaborately control the intake and drainage rates of their own paddy fields to maintain optimal ponding depths. But these well-managed systems will drastically change because of the decreasing number of farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify if the optimal ponding depth will be maintained within the limits of traditionally-allowed water intake rate from the main river. The first objective of this study was the quantification of actual water use in the paddy fields, resulting from the farmers water management on the basis of their experience. The significance of the present water intake rate under empirical water management was studied for a paddy field command area of about 230 ha. Water intake rates and the water requirements of the whole area were investigated by measuring the flow rate at 17 points of irrigation and drainage canals. Characteristics of the farmers empirical water management were investigated by measuring the hourly changes in inflow and outflow rates for a sub-area using an automatic measurement system, and an inferential method of determining water management patterns for the paddy fields was proposed. The newly-proposed inferential method was introduced in the tank model, which expresses the characteristics of water management in the command area. The Shuffled Complex Evolution Algorithm (SCE-UA) method was used for optimizing the model parameters. It was proven that the model accuracy improved when the farmers empirical water management was taken into account. The optimal amount of water to be applied to the command area was quantified by the simulation. The second objective was to predict the effect of the decreasing number of farmers on future water use conditions. The simulated result indicates the difficulty of maintaining optimal ponding depth for the whole command area when the farmers empirical water management is not maintained. In other words, results indicated that efficient water use requires an automatic water management system or a new pipeline system to replace the farmers present empirical water management.     

稻田春玉米迟熟品种比较及相关性分析研究

2007年在长沙对不同植株高度的8个迟熟杂交玉米品种,进行了品种比较试验以及相关性分析。结果表明,中秆品种登海11号产量最高,达8632．5kg／hm^2,抽雄至成熟期干物质积累速率最快,为6．33g／d·株。春玉米抽雄至成熟期干物质积累速率和收获指数均与穗粒重呈显著正相关,其相关系数分别为0．7598^＊＊和0．4801^＊穗位高、株高均与穗粒重呈负相关,其相关系数分别为-0．5403,-0．3701。     

莆田市城厢区农民田间学校发展现状、存在问题及对策

总结了莆田市城厢区农民田间学校发展现状,阐述了主要经验做法,指出了存在的不足,并提出了推动农民田间学校发展的政策措施建议。     

长期绿肥还田对江南稻田系统生产力及抗逆性的影响

 依据江南丘陵地区双季稻田28年（1981-2008年）长期绿肥还田的田间定位试验和4年的养分耗竭盆栽试验,分析比较了长期不同量绿肥还田对稻田系统生产力和抗逆性的综合影响。结果表明,常量绿肥还田和高量绿肥还田处理下,早稻、晚稻和历年的全年平均籽粒产量和生物学产量及其变异系数与长期单施化肥处理差异不显著,但由于绿肥还田处理施用绿肥替代部分化肥,平均每年的化肥N、P和K投入量比单施化肥处理分别减少90.0、9.9和72.0 kg/hm2。绿肥处理的双季稻全年产量呈上升趋势,而长期化肥处理则呈下降趋势,且前者的全年产量可持续性产量指数均略高于后者,常量绿肥还田下稻田系统的耐瘠能力也显著高于长期单施化肥处理。不同量绿肥还田下稻田系统生产力差异不显著,但耐瘠能力常量还田处理较高。