转基因植物中T-DNA整合的分子特征及表达

植物中不同转基因方法转化外源基因的T-DNA整合特征既具有共性,又具有特性,使得转基因的遗传在各独立转化体间呈现多样性,另外多种遗传因子和限制因素使受体植物中外源基因的表达存在下降,甚至出现基因沉默等复杂现象。本文主要对农杆菌介导及裸露DNA直接转化转基因植物中T-DNA的分子特征和转基因表达的影响因子进行了介绍和概述。转化体中转基因的遗传稳定性和表达主要取决于转基因在植物基因组中的整合位置、拷贝数及组成结构。因而,通过对具有表达水平各异的转化体进行深入的遗传分析和分子生物学研究以及转化体之间进行的比较研究,将对转基因技术自身的完善、定点整合以及更有效的利用转基因技术都具有十分重要的意义。     

桃蚜组织蛋白酶基因CTSB-16D和CTSB-348的克隆、表达谱及对不同环境胁迫的响应

为了探索组织蛋白酶基因CTSB-16D和CTSB-348在桃蚜Myzus persicae(Sulzer)响应高低温和UV-B胁迫中的作用, 通过RT-PCR技术克隆了桃蚜CTSB-16D和CTSB-348基因, 利用生物信息学方法分析了它们的序列特征;采用实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR, RT-qPCR)技术检测了2个基因在桃蚜不同发育阶段的相对表达量及经高温、低温和UV-B胁迫不同时长的无翅成虫中的相对表达量。克隆获得了桃蚜CTSB-16D(GenBank登录号:MZ962352)和CTSB-348(GenBank登录号:MZ962353)基因, 序列长度分别为1 096 bp和1 101 bp, 开放阅读框(ORF)分别为1 017 bp和1 023 bp, 分别编码338个和340个氨基酸, 蛋白相对分子量为38.14 kD和37.52 kD, 等电点(pI)为5.46和5.99。系统发育分析表明, 桃蚜CTSB-16D和CTSB-348均与豌豆蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum (XP_003246386.1、NP_001119608.1) CTSB亲缘关系最近。RT-qPCR分析表明, CTSB-16D和CTSB-348在桃蚜不同发育阶段均有表达, 分别在1龄若虫和无翅成虫中的表达量最高。高、低温和UV-B胁迫对CTSB-16D和CTSB-348基因的表达具有明显的诱导作用, 且表达量均随时间的延长呈先上升后下降的趋势;4℃胁迫下, CTSB-16D和CTSB-348表达量均在90 min时达到峰值;36℃胁迫下, CTSB-16D和CTSB-348表达量均在30 min时达到峰值;UV-B胁迫下, CTSB-16D和CTSB-348表达量分别在60 min和120 min时达峰值。桃蚜CTSB-16D和CTSB-348基因在不同发育阶段差异表达, 且响应温度和UV-B的胁迫, 推测两个基因参与桃蚜的生长发育并在桃蚜响应环境胁迫中发挥了重要作用。     

Effects of Dietary Lysine on Growth Performance,Serum Concentrations of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I （IGF-I） and IGF-I mRNA Expression in Growing Rabbits

The effects of dietary lysine on production performance,serum concentrations of metabolites,growth hormone （GH）,insulin-like growth factor-I （IGF-I） and IGF-I mRNA expression in growing rabbits were examined.One hundred weaned New Zealand rabbits were allocated to individual cages and randomly offered a diet containing 5.5 （L1）,6.5 （L2）,7.5 （L3）,8.5 （L4）,or 9.5 g （L5） lysine per kg diet.The results showed that the average daily gain （ADG） of the rabbits from L3,L4 or L5 was higher than those from L1 or L2 （P 〈 0.05）.The feed gain ratio （F/G） in the rabbits from L4 or L5 was lower than those from L1 or L2 （P 〈 0.05）.Dietary lysine did not affect serum concentrations of total protein （TP）,glucose,insulin （INS）,and growth hormone （GH） （P 〉 0.05）.The quadratic effects of lysine on the serum urea nitrogen （SUN） concentration was detected （P = 0.035）.Serum IGF-I concentrations had a trend to increase quadratically with the increasing dietary lysine （P = 0.07）.A significant correlation was found between serum IGF-I concentrations （x,ng mL-1） and ADG （y,g kg-1）： y = -0.017x2 ＋ 1.984x ＋ 20.87 （R2 = 0.8982,P = 0.003）.The relative abundance of hepatic and muscular IGF-I mRNA tended to increase with increasing dietary lysine levels （P = 0.053 and 0.082,respectively）.Providing the diets mainly consisted of corn,wheat bran and peanut vine,the most appropriate dietary lysine level for growing meat rabbits from weaning to 70 d old was found to be 8.5 g kg-1,and IGF-I may be an important factor controlling growth of weaned rabbits.     

Functional analysis of the venom allergen-like protein gene from pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus using a baculovirus expression system

The pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, infects pine trees, leading to fatal pine wilt disease. Here, recombinant venom allergen-like protein (VAP) was obtained by expressing Bx-vap-1 in insect cells. Three-year-old Pinus massoniana were inoculated with recombinant VAP, simulating B. xylophilus esophageal gland secretions. Recombinant VAP up-regulated α-pinene synthase gene expression, the trees showed disease symptoms 15 d after inoculation and the xylem pith revealed brown tissue discoloration, indicating that recombinant VAP could damage P. massoniana cells. Recombinant VAP did not, however, lead to cavitation, indicating that the VAP secreted from B. xylophilus acts as a defense response elicitor.     

Pseudomonas putida BP25 alters root phenotype and triggers salicylic acid signaling as a feedback loop in regulating endophytic colonization in Arabidopsis thaliana

Endophytic Pseudomonas putida BP25 (PpBP25) triggered density dependent alterations on Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 growth. Endogenous colonization of PpBP25 was found regulated within Arabidopsis that caused induction and repression of 131 and 74 plant genes, respectively. Induced genes like WRKY33, AtRLP19, ATL2, ATEXO70B2, pEARLI, RPS2, CBP60G, PLA2, CRK18, ATFBS1, DREB2A, TIR, RAP2.4, and MOS1 were components of defense and salicylic acid (SA) signaling. Development associated genes were found significantly repressed. Biased activation of phytohormone signaling with their associated fitness costs on plant growth was observed. The data suggests that PpBP25 colonization triggered expression of defense genes that restricted its own population in a feedback loop besides causing altered root phenotype.     

绵羊PRLH及其受体基因的克隆及在下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴中差异表达的研究

为了探讨PRLH及其受体基因在绵羊性腺轴中的表达,以绵羊下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴系为研究对象,克隆了PRLH及其受体基因PRLHR,构建了系统进化树,并利用qRT-PCR技术对PRLH及其受体基因在绵羊性腺轴中不同组织的表达差异做了研究。结果表明,绵羊PRLH和PRLHR mRNA核苷酸序列分别为113,237 bp,PRLH基因核苷酸序列与山羊、牛、人、小鼠的同源性分别为96.8%,93.3%,80.3%,74.6%,PRLHR基因与藏羚羊、山羊、牛、人和小鼠的同源性分别为100%,99.3%,97.3%,90.4%,84.4%;PRLH及其受体基因在绵羊的下丘脑、垂体、子宫和卵巢中均有一定量的表达,且PRLH基因在下丘脑、垂体和卵巢中的表达要显著低于子宫(P0.05);PRLHR在子宫与垂体中的表达差异显著(P0.05),其他差异不明显。说明下丘脑、垂体、子宫和卵巢是PRLH合成分泌和发挥作用的主要器官。     

鸡β-防御素-2基因的克隆及原核表达载体的构建

鸡β-防御素是一类广谱抗菌阳离子小肽的总称,一般具有3个分子内二硫键。防御素对细菌、真菌乃至某些被膜病毒具有广谱杀伤作用。试验根据已发表的Gal-2基因序列,设计并合成了一对引物。以骨髓中的总RNA为模板,利用RT-PCR技术扩增目的片段并克隆到pGEM-TEasy载体上,经筛选鉴定获得阳性重组子pGEM-T-Gal-2。再经EcoRI、XbaI双酶切,插入pMAL-c2x质粒构建表达载体。利用PCR技术和酶切反应筛选转化子成功获得pMAL-c2x-Gal-2重组质粒。     

Cloning and bioinformatics analysis of cDNA encoding cattle Smad4 gene

The cDNA of cattle Smad4 gene was cloned by RT-PCR, 3′ RACE and 5’t RACE and got a 3503-bp full-long cDNA sequence. The cloned cattle Smad4 cDNA sequence had been send to GenBank and got an accession number: DQ494856. Cattle Smad4 gene consists of 12 exons and codes 553 amino acids. Cattle Smad4 cDNA shares 99%, 96%, 95%, 91% and 91% similarity in nucleic acid sequences, and 99%, 98%, 98%, 99% and 98% similarity in amino acid sequences with sheep, pig, human, rat and mouse, respectively. Smad4 cDNA was found in the testes, pancreas, liver, small intestine, ovary, lymph, cardiac muscle, skeleton muscle and thymus gland, which indicated that Smad4 was broadly expressed in cattle. __________ Translated from Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2007, 38(4): 321–325 [译自: 畜牧兽医学报]