偃麦草种质资源外部性状变异及其形态类型的初步研究

对41份偃麦草Elytrigia repens种质资源的16个外部性状变异及其分布规律进行研究,并在对16个指标性状进行相关分析及主成分分析的基础上,对34份材料进行聚类分析。结果表明,偃麦草种内形态指标变异较大,变异系数为4.88%～33.30%,其中叶层高度变异系数最大,达33.30%,其次为旗叶长(26.03%),而种子宽度、种子长度、种子厚度、颖长、叶长变异较小,均在10.0%以下;海拔高度与偃麦草生殖枝高呈显著正相关(P0.01),与颖长呈显著负相关(P0.01),而在纬度上的相关性却呈现相反趋势;经度仅与穗下第1节间长呈显著正相关(P0.01);在对外部性状相关分析及主成分分析的基础上,通过聚类分析,在欧氏距离5.0处,34份偃麦草材料可被划分为高大型、偏高大型、特殊型、低矮型4个类型,且特殊型和低矮型均具有开发为草坪草的潜能。     

AN APPLICATION OF IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES IN COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IMAGE ANALYSIS

An estimate of the thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue at differing positions around the body was required in a study examining body composition. To eliminate human error associated with the manual placement of markers for measurements and to facilitate the collection of data from a large number of animals and image slices, automation of the process was desirable. The open-source and free image analysis program ImageJ was used. A macro procedure was created that provided the required functionality. The macro performs a number of basic image processing procedures. These include an initial process designed to remove the scanning table from the image and to center the animal in the image. This is followed by placement of a vertical line segment from the mid point of the upper border of the image to the image center. Measurements are made between automatically detected outer and inner boundaries of subcutaneous adipose tissue along this line segment. This process was repeated as the image was rotated (with the line position remaining unchanged) so that measurements around the complete circumference were obtained. Additionally, an image was created showing all detected boundary points so that sites of measurement could be checked by visual inspection. This paper provides a detailed account of this macro, illustrates the effect of its components on the image, and the applicability of standard image processing techniques to veterinary imaging.     

1株高致病性血凝性脑脊髓炎病毒的分离与鉴定

利用细胞培养方法从临床表现神经症状的死亡仔猪脑组织内分离获得1株病毒,同时对该病毒进行电镜负染观察、昆明种小鼠致病性试验、RT-PCR检测和部分基因测序分析。电镜观察可见细胞培养物中有大量的直径约115 nm的冠状病毒样粒子;接种病毒的小鼠均出现典型的神经症状,死亡率100%;血凝性脑脊髓炎病毒(HEV)特异性引物RT-PCR扩增结果阳性;其S基因序列与GenBank中登录的HEV-67 N相应基因序列的同源性高达99.6%。结果表明,分离的病毒为猪血凝性脑脊髓炎病毒,分离株暂命名为HEV-CC-2007。     

猪解耦联蛋白基因3(UCP3)3''''侧翼区突变位点多态性及其对胴体、肉质性状的影响

利用PCR-RFLP技术,分析了猪解耦联蛋白基因3(UCP3)的3'侧翼区一碱基变异区Ava I位点的多态性在不同猪群体间的基因型分布及其多态性对猪胴体、肉质性状的影响.结果表明经x2独立性检验,发现该多态片段3种基因类型在各品种间分布不一致,杜洛克与中国地方猪种淮南猪、二花脸猪、清平猪、八眉猪相比差异极显著(P＜0.01),中国地方猪种间比较差异均不显著(P＞0.05);采用最小二乘法以及回归法分析了大白×梅山资源家系F2代139头个体的Ava Ⅰ位点多态性与相应的胴体、肉质性状的连锁关系,未发现该位点对猪胴体、肉质性状的显著性影响.UCP3基因3'侧翼区多态位点基因片段在各猪群间分布类型的不同显示出中国地方猪种与外来猪种相比所具有的种质差异,但该位点是否用作为改良猪胴体、肉质性状的标记位点并在标记辅助选择中加以应用还有待进一步的研究.     

结缕草属植物生殖性状的遗传分析

选用2份生殖性状存在差异的结缕草(Z136)和中华结缕草(Z039)相互杂交,获得正反交F₁分离群体,应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析方法对F₁群体的花序密度、生殖枝高度、花序长度、每穗小穗数、小穗长度、小穗宽度、小穗长度/宽度进行遗传分析,以初步明确这些性状的遗传特性。结果表明,1)在调查的7个性状中,正反交杂交后代中每一个性状的变异范围均超出了双亲的变异范围,不同性状的变异系数差异较大,花序密度的变异系数最大,其次为生殖枝高度和每穗粒数,小穗长度和宽度的变异最小,花序长度的变异居中。2)花序密度、生殖枝高度、小穗长度和小穗长/宽正反交后代的观测值存在显著差异,可能有母体遗传效应,花序长度、每穗粒数和小穗宽度正反交后代间的观测值无显著差异。3)花序密度正反交后代群体的最佳遗传模型为存在2对主基因控制的遗传模型,生殖枝高度、花序长度和小穗宽度正反交后代群体的最佳遗传模型均为A-0模型,即无主基因模型。每穗粒数正交为1对主基因的遗传模型,反交为无主基因模型,小穗长度的正交为无主基因模型,反交为1对主基因模型。小穗长/宽正交的最适遗传模型为B-1模型,即2对主基因的加性-显性-上位性遗传模型,主基因遗传率为42.72%,反交群体的最适遗传模型为B-2模型,即2对主基因的加性-显性遗传模型,主基因遗传率为98.81%。     

兔组织中阿维菌素残留的高效液相色谱法测定研究

阿维菌素是一种新型大环内酯类广谱抗寄生虫药物。本试验采用乙腈提取,然后通过氧化铝柱净化组织样本,经Ｎ－甲基咪唑与三氟醋酸酐衍生化后,用高效液相色谱－荧光检测器在激发波长为３６５ｎｍ,发射波长为４７０ｎｍ处,对衍生化产物进行测定。     

三种猪Ⅰ型干扰素基因的克隆与序列分析

根据GenBank中收录的三种猪Ⅰ型干扰素（porcine interferon,pIFN）基因序列,设计了3对特异性引物。运用RT—PCR技术从长白猪外周血淋巴细胞总RNA中扩增得到了三种猪干扰素基因,并将其克隆至pGEM-T Easy载体上。序列测定结果显示,获得的猪干扰素α1基因序列全长570bp,编码189个氨基酸,获得的猪干扰素α2基因序列全长540bp,编码179个氨基酸,获得的猪干扰素β基因序列全长563bp,编码186个氨基酸。三种猪Ⅰ型干扰素基因与已知猪Ⅰ型干扰素核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列的相似性最高可达99％～100％。     

蜀宣花牛体型外貌、线性评定及生理指标测定

[目的]为了充分了解牛群的体型外貌及生理指标情况,我们对牛群体型外貌进行了评定、同时对牛群的毛色、肤色、踢、角及生理指标进行了调查研究。[方法]通过对牛群生理指标测定、体型外貌评定及毛色、肤色、踢、角颜色和形状分析。[结果]表明:蜀宣花牛肉用指数公母牛分别为5.3769和4.0725,低于国外专门化肉牛品种,但也明显高于国内几个比较有名的地方牛品种,由此说明,蜀宣花牛的肉用指数界于专用型肉牛和肉役兼用型牛之间。毛色以黄白花和红白花为主,占90.16%;皮肤颜色以纯粉色和粉色有斑点的为主,占96.92%;蹄质颜色以纯蜡黄色为主,占86.28%;角型以照阳角为主,占93.94%。成年母牛的生理指标分别为:体温平均38.38℃、心跳74.56次/min、呼吸18.74次/min和瘤胃蠕动2.84次/2min;体型外貌线性评定分析表明,蜀宣花牛母牛的14个性状中,除后房宽度、尻角度和乳房底部3个性状平均分略低于75分,强壮度、后房高度、乳头位置和乳静脉4个性状的平均分高于80分外,其余7个性状的平均分都在75~80分之间。[结论]从乳用性能的角度看,牛群的平均体型尚处在较理想型和理想型之间,还有待进一步选育提高。     

Survey and Analysis of Common Diseases of Laboratory Monkeys in Kunming Area

Survey and analysis of common diseases of laboratory monkeys are great significance to understand disease epidemiology, and formulate a set of scientific and reasonable measures for prevention and control disease, to improve the quantity and quality of laboratory monkeys, to ensure the accuracy of the animal experiment results. Through the investigation of the sick and dead animals of a large-scale laboratory monkeys breeding facility in Kunming area in 2014, the animals were classified depends on the main diseases, and the diseases were classified according to adult and juvenile animals, data were analyzed by Excel Office 2010 software. The results showed the common diseases of laboratory monkeys included the digestive system, respiratory system, trauma, reproductive system, and locomotor system disease, which were 47.45%, 13.06%, 12.10%, 11.46% and 8.92% separately; Common diseases included diarrhoea, soft tissue injuries, abortion, lobar pneumonia, dysentery, arthritis, intestinal pneumatosis, chronic colitis, and extreme bad nutrition, the ratio were 18.47%, 11.15%, 8.91%, 8.28%, 8.28%, 7.96%, 5.10%, 5.10% and 5.09% separately. Comprehensive analysis of common diseases and disease occurrence causes of the laboratory monkeys, suggesting that providing better quality laboratory monkeys for scientific research only by constantly improving the scientific breeding management level, constantly strengthening veterinary capacity, mastering the theoretical knowledge and scientific diagnosis method.     

不同小黑麦品种的种子产量及产量构成因素比较

以32份小黑麦品种为试验材料,研究了各品种的产量构成因素（穗长、小穗数,穗粒数、穗粒质量）以及他们之间的相关性。结果表明,小黑麦品种OH2276株高最高,为136．77cm,但其种子产量低;安新麦83—25的综合性状最优,穗粒数最多,为J09。19;北联4号,89D-8和DH796综合性状也较好,具有良好的应用前景;HB200上的综合性状最差,HB200下和OB74的综合性状较差。